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The novel flower shaped nanomaterials, known as Nanoflowers (NFs), have attracted the interest of the scientific community around the world with their unique morphology, ease of synthesis, large surface-to-volume ratio, and high electron conductivity, making them a promising nanomaterial for various relevant applications. Bimetallic NFs comprise of two different metallic elements, with superior properties due to the synergistic effect between the hereditary properties of the constituent metal atoms. Bimetallic NFs can be synthesized through various methods, each offering unique advantages. Conventional methods provide a traditional approach to NF synthesis, while electrodeposition methods offer precise control over NF morphology and composition. Biological methods harness the power of biological systems for green and sustainable NF synthesis. Various characterization techniques for identifying the morphology of NFs include HR-TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD etc. These NFs exhibit exemplary catalytic activity with high selectivity and catalytic yield due to their large surface areas and augmented active site density. This review delineates the synthesis, morphology, electronic properties and catalytic applications of bimetallic NFs. The manuscript depicts various catalytic reactions and focuses on mechanism and role of bimetallic NFs in these reactions. Moreover, the recent challenges and future prospects of these bimetallic NFs are well discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Bauhinia vahlii Wight and Arn. is a commonly used climber in traditional medicinal practices. The present work introduces a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for identifying the superior B. vahlii species from various regions in India, such as Pune, Jhansi, and Ranikhet, by analyzing phytochemical markers. The current study identified and estimated lupeol and β-sitosterol in leaf extracts of B. vahlii, detecting them as magenta and violet grey bands using anisaldehyde‒sulfuric acid reagent at retention factor (RF) ~0.68 and RF ~0.53, respectively, at 514 nm. This was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of toluene‒ethyl acetate‒formic acid (8:2:0.2, V/V). The method was validated for parameters such as linearity, limits of detection, and quantification and precision, as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines Q2R1. The calibration plots of the analyzed data exhibited a good linear relationship with R2 = 0.99 ± 0.02 in the concentration range 200‒1400 ng per spot for lupeol and 600‒1300 ng per spot for β-sitosterol with respect to the peak area. Lupeol was quantified as 61.61, 37.10, and 63.14 µg in 100 mg leaf extracts of B. vahlii collected from Pune, Jhansi, and Ranikhet regions of India, respectively. Meanwhile, β-sitosterol was determined to be 116.80, 105.13, and 90.25 µg from Pune, Jhansi, and Ranikhet, respectively, in 100.0 mg of the sample. Among the three locations, Ranikhet exhibited the highest lupeol content, while Pune showed the highest β-sitosterol estimation. The validated HPTLC method employed was simple, accurate, and reproducible for the rapid screening of B. vahlii collected from diverse Indian topographies. This study may be utilized as a valuable quality assessment tool for stakeholders, aiding adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Agro-waste is the outcome of the under-utilization of bioresources and a lack of knowledge to re-use this waste in proper ways or a circular economy approach. In the Indian medicinal system, the root of Cyperus scariosus (CS) is used at a large scale due to their vital medicinal properties. Unfortunately, the aerial part of CS is treated as agro-waste and is an under-utilized bioresource. Due to a lack of knowledge, CS is treated as a weed. This present study is the first ever attempt to explore CS leaves as medicinally and a nutrient rich source. To determine the food and nutritional values of the neglected part of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (CS), i.e. CS leaves, phytochemicals and metal ions of CS were quantified by newly developed HPLC and ICPOES-based methods. The content of the phytochemicals observed in HPLC analysis for caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, trans-p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid was 10.51, 276.15, 279.09, 70.53, and 36.83 µg/g, respectively. In GC–MS/MS analysis, fatty acids including linolenic acid, phytol, palmitic acid, etc. were identified. In ICPOES analysis, the significant content of Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn was observed. The TPC and TFC of the CS leaves was 17.933 mg GAE eq./g and 130.767 mg QCE eq./g along with an IC50 value of 2.78 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and better antacid activity was measured than the standard (CaCO3). The methanolic extract of CS leaves showed anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15 ± 2 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 ± 2 mm) and Escherichia coli (10 ± 2 mm). In silico studies confirmed the in vitro results obtained from the antioxidant, antiacid, and anti-microbial studies. In addition, in silico studies revealed the anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potential of the CS leaves. This study, thus, demonstrated the medicinal significance of the under-utilized part of CS and the conversion of agro-waste into mankind activity as a pharmaceutical potent material. Consequently, the present study highlighted that CS leaves have medicinal importance with good nutritional utility and have a large potential in the pharmaceutical industry along with improving bio-valorization and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...