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A prospective clinical trial was conducted on 30 cats suffering from pyometritis to investigate the multimodal analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine-tizanidine (RT) combination through intraperitoneal (IP) administration during ovariohysterectomy. Cats were randomly assigned into three groups whereby group RT received 0.5% ropivacaine (1 mg/kg) and tizanidine (10 µg/kg) (IP), group B received 0.5% bupivacaine (2 mg/kg) (IP), and group R received only 0.5% ropivacaine (1 mg/kg) (IP). It was observed that duration for anesthetic recovery (P<0.0001) and extubation time (P=0.0492) differed significantly for group RT. Body temperature and Pulse remained significantly higher in RT group at 1-, and 2-h postoperative intervals, specifically. Interactive Visual Analogue Scale (IVAS) and UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale (MCPS) scores were significantly lower for group RT at 6-, 8-, and 12-h time periods. Whereas, Mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) measurements differed significantly across 1 (P=0.0037), 4 (P=0.0013), 8 (P=0.0024) and 12-h (P=0.0258) time periods. The need for rescue analgesia and Serum cortisol concentrations, consistently remained significantly lower in group RT (P<0.0001). However, values for ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, and creatinine showed no significant differences among groups at 1-, 8-, and 24-h postoperative periods. The study concluded that the ropivacaine-tizanidine combination effectively reduced pain scores, delayed the need for rescue analgesia, and avoided adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is a routine surgical procedure in small animal practices for sterilization and management of several uterine diseases, namely pyometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, uterine tumors, rupture, and torsion. Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) offers numerous clinical advantages, but post-operative complications could pose financial challenges for veterinarians due to the inherent risk of malpractice suits and clients owing to the extended recovery period for their pets. The authors reviewed about two dozen peer-reviewed English language articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify risks and avoidance strategies following OVH. These may include the ones arising from celiotomy (infection, incisional hernias, wound dehiscence, inadvertent injury to organs and adhesions) or affections, such as intraoperative hemorrhage, stump pyometra, ovarian remnant syndrome, ureteral ligation, urinary incontinence, granulomas, fistulous tracts, post-surgery weight gain, and eunuchoid syndrome. This review emphasizes prevention and management methods for each of these complications. Effective surgical techniques play a vital role in preventing hemorrhage, while meticulous resection, ligation, and omentalization of uterine stump reduce the risk of stump pyometra. Complete removal of ovarian tissue and systematic exploration prevent ovarian remnant syndrome. The use of advanced imaging methods, such as ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or CT scans, can greatly aid in identifying and preserving ureters during surgical procedures, thus minimizing the risk of ureteral complications. Strategies to address urinary incontinence, granulomas, and postsurgery weight gain might encompass the use of hormonal therapy involving estradiol analogs or the application of precise surgical techniques involving ureteral reimplantation. Innovative strategies such as auto-transplantation of ovaries are suggested for managing eunuchoid syndrome, while inadvertent prostatectomy and bowel obstruction may simply be avoided by better tissue handling and dissection. In summary, optimizing surgical protocols, incorporating CT scans, using appropriate drug therapies, and continuous education within the veterinary community are crucial for reducing complications associated with OVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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