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A new labdane diterpenoid, leojaponotin (1), and three known labdane diterpenoids (2–4), were isolated from Leonurus japonicus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The rational utilization of botanical secondary metabolites is one of the strategies to reduce the application of chemical fungicides. The extensive biological activities of Clausena lansium indicate that it has the potential to develop botanical fungicides. RESULTS: A systematic investigation on the antifungal alkaloids from C. lansium branch‐leaves following bioassay‐guided isolation was implemented. Sixteen alkaloids, including two new and nine known carbazole alkaloids, one known quinoline alkaloid and four known amides, were isolated. Compounds 4, 7, 12 and 14 showed strong antifungal activity on Phytophthora capsiciwith EC50 values ranging from 50.67 to 70.82 μg mL−1. Compounds 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 16 displayed different degrees of antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea with EC50 values ranging from 54.18 to 129.83 μg mL−1. It was reported for the first time that these alkaloids had antifungal effects on P. capsici or B. dothidea, and their structure–activity relationships were further discussed systematically. Additionally, among all alkaloids, dictamine (12) had the strongest antifungal activities against P. capsici (EC50 = 50.67 μg mL−1) and B. dothidea (EC50 = 54.18 μg mL−1), and its physiological effects on P. capsici and B. dothidea also were further evaluated. CONCLUSION: Capsicum lansium is a potential source of antifungal alkaloids, and C. lansium alkaloids had the potential as lead compounds of botanical fungicides in the development of new fungicides with novel action mechanism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new C13-norsesquiterpenes claulanterpene A (1) and B (2), together with two known sesquiterpenes (3–4), were isolated from methanol extract of the stem and leaf of Clausena lansium collected from Qingyuan county, Guangdong Province, China. Their structures were elucidated on the base of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with data reported in the literature. Among them, compound 4 showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new carotane sesquiterpenoid, methyl gymnabloate (1), was isolated from the fermentation broth of the wild macrofungus Gymnopus sp. 0612-9. Its structure was elucidated by analysis of extensive spectroscopic data. The antifungal activity against Penicillium italicum and Penicillium citrinum were evaluated. Compound 1 showed moderate activities against the pathogens P. italicum and P. citrinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C26H21Cl2F3N4O, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 21.218(6) Å, b = 5.9599(16) Å, c = 9.439(3) Å, β = 99.295(3)°, V = 1177.9(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0471, wRref(F2) = 0.1282, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C20H24O10, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.3728(6) Å, b = 14.3835(14) Å, c = 20.453(2) Å, V = 1874.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0272, wRref(F2) = 0.0558, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new amides, claulansamides A and B ( 1 and 2, resp.), together with five known amides, 3- 7 and six known quinolones, 8- 13, were isolated from the stems and roots of Clausena lansium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Their absolute configurations were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique, CD, and optical rotation. HPLC Chiral separation of 1 afforded two enantiomers, (+)- and (−)-claulansamide A, respectively. Compounds 9, 12, and 13 were isolated from the genus Clausena for the first time. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549, BGC-823, and HeLa cancer cell lines. However, only 9 showed cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 46.3 μ M, and 11 against BGC-823 and HeLa cell lines with the IC50 values of 55.0 and 14.7 μ M, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new coumarins, clauexcavatins A (1) and B (2), along with seven known ones (3–9), were isolated from the roots of Clausena excavata Burm. f. (Rutaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise on aerobic exercise capacity and autophagy of skeletal muscle in rats after myocardial infarction (MI) and its possible mechanisms. Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180–200 g, were randomly divided into sham, MI, and MI with exercise training (MI + Ex) groups. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. One week after surgery, low-intensity exercise training was carried out on a treadmill 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Results Infarct size of MI and MI + Ex groups was 30.8 ± 5.5% and 27.6 ± 5.0% of left ventricle, respectively (P > 0.05). Heart weight and heart to body weight ratio in the MI group were significantly higher than those in the sham group (P < 0.01), and were lowered by exercise training (P < 0.01). The maximal exercise distance and duration in the MI group were lower than those in the sham group (P < 0.01), but were significantly increased by exercise training (P < 0.05). Autophagosome of the gastrocnemius was not detectable in the sham group, scattered in the MI group but clustered in the MI + Ex group. Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-I/II) and Beclin-1 protein levels in the gastrocnemius were similar between MI and sham groups, but were significantly higher in the MI + Ex group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Low-intensity exercise improves exercise capacity in rats after MI. The effect is associated with enhanced autophagy of the skeletal muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]