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Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dual-time-point 18F-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging at 30 and 60 min post-injection (p.i.) in treatment-naïve patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Twenty treatment-naïve patients with histology-proven PCa who underwent 18F-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans at both 30 and 60-min p.i. were retrospectively analyzed. Lesion detection, semi-quantitative analysis of lesion and background, and unspecific bone uptake (UBU) between two time points were evaluated and compared. Besides, interrater reliability was also evaluated. Results: Lesion detection was consistent at both 30 and 60-min p.i. imaging of 20 patients (mean age 72 ± 9), identifying 27 primary prostate lesions, 84 lymph node metastases, bone metastases in 8 patients, and other metastases in 2 patients. Primary prostate lesions showed no significant difference in SUVmax and target-to-blood pool (T/B) ratios between the two imaging times, while these parameters significantly increased over time in bone metastases. Lymph node metastases showed no significant difference in SUVmax but higher T/B ratios at 60 min compared to 30 min. A higher frequency of UBU was observed at 60 min (37.3%) compared to 30 min (32.3%), with significantly higher SUVmax and T/B ratios at 60 min. 85.6% UBU was categorized as PSMA-RADS 2 at 60 min, and the others were PSMA-RADS 3 or 4. The most frequent localization was vertebrae, followed by ribs. Interrater reliability was almost perfect for lesion detection at both time points. Conclusion: Early 30-min 18F-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging provided comparable PCa lesion detection and semi-quantitative analysis with reduced UBU to the standard 60-min imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into an intervention designed to enhance a precalculus student’s understanding in constructing linear equations and in approximating function values. Before the intervention, the student primarily relied on the algebraic formula y2-y1/x2-x1 to determine slope, knew slope geometrically as ∆y/vx solely for integer values, and struggled to construct a linear equation without an explicitly shown y-intercept. Through the intervention, the student comprehended slope m as a unit rate and expanded this understanding to ∆y = m∆x for integer ∆x by iterating m, ∆x number of times. She also successfully used this newfound understanding to construct linear equations, including tangent line equations, and approximate function values. Nonetheless, she faced some challenges in comprehending ∆y = m∆x for non-integer ∆x and in conceiving point as a multiplicative object with its coordinates representing covarying quantities. Further exploration is needed to validate these findings and address potential difficulties that students might face in grasping slope in the context of linear equations and approximations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A fair and inclusive competition depends on a scoring system that takes all relevant factors into account. We analysed the current World Para Point System for swimming and identified several theoretical and practical disadvantages. We propose and test a Fair World Para Point System that not only improves the algorithm, but also extends it to accommodate for the age of the athlete. It also provides a method to break point ties. This will enable para masters swimmers for the first time to compete fairly with each other. We also develop and publish tools that enable event organisers to directly use the Fair World Para Point System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point and level (P&L) systems are commonly used for behavior management and modification in youth residential treatment centers. In 2019, the Association of Children's Residential Centers (ACRC) released a position paper urging youth residential programs to abolish prescriptive, universally applied point and level systems because they are inconsistent with the principles of trauma-sensitive care and can be counterproductive to treatment. Despite this, few residential agencies have executed this change, possibly due to the complexities of dismantling long-held practices, concerns about youth safety, and lack of knowledge about other trauma-sensitive approaches. In this case study, we describe how one agency de-implemented its universal P&L system across three residential campuses, replacing it with the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT) and Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS). An analysis of administrative data before and after the removal of P&L suggests no evidence of increased safety risk for youth or staff. We discuss the agency's strategies for de-implementation and the determinants that helped and hindered the process and provide recommendations for other residential agencies seeking to make this change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kherlen River, which headwaters from the mountains of Khan Khentii, streams through the territory of three provinces of Mongolia: Khentii, Tuv, and Dornod. Most of the archaeological sites found in its basin exhibit characteristics of the Neolithic period, and mainly consist of in situ stone tools dispersed on the surface. The mixing of prehistoric artifacts from different periods in a certain place is undoubtedly related to the unique climatic conditions of Mongolia and the geology of the Kherlen River basin. In this article, we discuss the site of Ulaan Khanan, located about 21 km south of the Kherlen River in the Bayankhutag soum area of Khentii Province. The stone artifacts from this site are suggested as belonging to two different periods: The Paleolithic and Neolithic. The Paleolithic artifacts include points, scrapers, retouched blades, and different types of lithic blanks (mainly blades and flakes). Conversely, the Neolithic artifacts conform to knapping methods involving the reduction of narrow-faced and wedge-shaped cores, including a single micro-core as well as polyhedral and cylindrical cores. The lithic assemblage(s) described here consists of a few tool types, such as points, scrapers, burins, combination tools, and retouched blades, and show evidence of reduction sequences primarily aimed at blade and flake production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses ways of developing a descriptive geometry curriculum and organizing teaching based on this curriculum. Theoretical and practical substantiation of the possibility of developing the spatial imagination of students by teaching descriptive geometry in real time in the graphics program AutoCAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet eXchange point (IXP) is a way to optimize network bandwidth. It enables a platform in the different providers like internet service providers (ISPs) and content delivery providers (CDNs) to share their traffic through a common point. A software defined exchange point (SDX) is an IXP comprising of a programmable deployed software defined network (SDN) switching fabric to enhance the management of their services, but they met the performance issues. The previous studies proposed various mechanisms and frameworks that tackled with these issues, but they don't overcome overall challenges like link failure recovery for multi-hop-based SDX particularly packet processing delay and switch memory overhead. To cope with these issues, this paper proposed an enhanced link failure rerouting (ELFR) mechanism for multi-hop-based SDX. The objective of the proposed ELFR mechanism is to reduce the delay of packet processing to recover the link failure quickly and improve the path computation while ensuring the switch storage overhead. The present paper is an effort to retrospect and analyze the critical review of existing work for SDX. Furthermore, this paper provides a background of SDX, its components and its applications. Finally, this paper presents and compares the expected results of ELFR mechanism and related work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since recent datings of the Bakhshali manuscript confirm our understanding that the zero is indeed an Indian creation, what is it in Indian culture that could have influenced an invention of this kind? From data relating to the Bakhshali manuscript, it is possible to recognize the influence of Buddhism and, from this, to try to see how this movement could have played a role in the theory leading to the inception of the placeholder zero. Moreover, with Brahmagupta this first form and use of zero was developed to the point of becoming a number, and thus adopting an operative role. While the writer of the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta was not a Buddhist, it is still possible to show in that document how Buddhist thinking, particularly its speculative developments in the meaning of śūnyatā as described by the great writers of Mahāyāna Buddhism, may provide a favorable setting for theories about the numerical concept of zero, even to the point where it is perceived as a condition of its 'thinkability' or conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La question de la relation entre le point et l'étendue en géométrie résonne, dans la pensée de Leibniz, avec celle du lien entre la substance simple avec le corps matériel dont elle est l'élément constitutif d'un point de vue métaphysique. En effet, comment ce qui est indivisible et sans dimension pourrait-il être le principe de ce qui se présente, au contraire, comme toujours divisé et étendu? Si la philosophie tardive de l'auteur, une fois devenue monadologie après 1700, rencontre en cela un problème presque insurmontable, il ne semble pas en être de même dans les années 1690. Cet article propose de montrer comment, vers 1695, une solution originale en est fournie qui renvoie aux innovations mathématiques de cette période, au sujet du point, de l'étendue et, de façon centrale, de la continuité, étoffant ainsi la toile qui unit les mathématiques de Leibniz avec sa philosophie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scientific fields show great interest in the extraction and processing of spatiotemporal data, such as medicine with an emphasis on epidemiology and neurology, geology, social sciences, meteorology, and a great interest is also observed in the study of transport. Spatiotemporal data differ significantly from spatial data, since spatiotemporal data refer to measurements, which take into account both the place and the time in which they are received, with their respective characteristics, while spatial data refer to and describe information related only to place. The innovation brought about by spatiotemporal data mining has caused a revolution in many scientific fields, and this is because through it we can now provide solutions and answers to complex problems, as well as provide useful and valuable predictions, through predictive learning. However, combining time and place in data mining presents significant challenges and difficulties that must be overcome. Spatiotemporal data mining and analysis is a relatively new approach to data mining which has been studied more systematically in the last decade. The purpose of this article is to provide a good introduction to spatiotemporal data, and through this detailed description, we attempt to introduce descriptive logic and gain a complete knowledge of these data. We aim to introduce a new way of describing them, aiming for future studies, by combining the expressions that arise by type of data, using descriptive logic, with new expressions, that can be derived, to describe future states of objects and environments with great precision, providing accurate predictions. In order to highlight the value of spatiotemporal data, we proceed to give a brief description of ST data in the introduction. We describe the relevant work carried out to date, the types of spatiotemporal (ST) data, their properties and the transformations that can be made between them, attempting, to a small extent, to introduce constraints and rules using descriptive logic, introducing descriptive logic into spatiotemporal data by type, when initially presenting the ST data. The data snapshots by species and similarities between the cases are then described. We describe methods, introducing clustering, dynamic ST clusters, predictive learning, pattern mining frequency, and pattern emergence, and problems such as anomaly detection, identifying time points of changes in the behavior of the observed object, and development of relationships between them. We describe the application of ST data in various fields today, as well as the future work. We finally conclude with our conclusions, with the representation and study of spatiotemporal data can, in combination with other properties which accompany all natural phenomena, through their appropriate processing, lead to safe conclusions regarding the study of problems, and also with great precision in the extraction of predictions by accurately determining future states of an environment or an object. Thus, the importance of ST data makes them particularly valuable today in various scientific fields, and their extraction is a particularly demanding challenge for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe POInTbrowse, a web portal that gives access to the orthology inferences made for polyploid genomes with POInT, the Polyploidy Orthology Inference Tool. Ancient, or paleo-, polyploidy events are widely distributed across the eukaryotic phylogeny, and the combination of duplicated and lost duplicated genes that these polyploidies produce can confound the identification of orthologous genes between genomes. POInT uses conserved synteny and phylogenetic models to infer orthologous genes between genomes with a shared polyploidy. It also gives confidence estimates for those orthology inferences. POInTbrowse gives both graphical and query-based access to these inferences from 12 different polyploidy events, allowing users to visualize genomic regions produced by polyploidies and perform batch queries for each polyploidy event, downloading genes trees and coding sequences for orthologous genes meeting user-specified criteria. POInTbrowse and the associated data are online at https://wgd.statgen.ncsu.edu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dot is the first and the most important element in Islamic calligraphy. The most important function of the dot in Nasta'liq script is to determine the scales, calligrapher's pen's angle, and also line and specimen compositions. This fact can be different in each calligrapher from others. So the main goal of this research is to study the pen's angle, baseline, and dot's scattering in Mir Ali Heravi's selected Chalipas based on fine art basics and principles which has done according to 1- pen's angle 2- horizontal diameter of the dot toward baseline 3- baseline itself and dots' positions and scattering. Therefore these questions are going to be analyzed and answered in this paper: According to baseline in Mir Ali Heravi's artworks, how are the pen's angle of the dot, and the horizontal diameter of the dot? What about the position of the dots' baseline and their scattering in Mir Ali artworks? What are the principles for recognizing the forged and original artworks of Mir Ali Heravi based on the evaluation of the dots? In this research, the method of data collection was bibliographic and the descriptive-analytical method was used to study the qualitative review of the dots in Mir Ali selected Chalipas. And the results show his dots' style. The method in this article is descriptive-analytical and it is a practical research. The gathering information method was documentation, and statistical methods, computerized measurement, bibliographic, and also visual observations by authors were used. Statistical society of this research was Mir Ali Chalipas. The gathering of data was done among abundant Mir Ali Heravi's Chalipas. But it must be considered that according to the situation and in practice, its size and angle can be flexible based on the calligrapher's desire. Due to studies done on selected Chalipas, Mir Ali Heravi's nib was mediocre. It is deduced that the least angle is 50 degrees and the most angle is 66 degrees and the average pen's angle is 60 degrees by emphasizing on these points that the base of calligraphers' style can be found in the dot's size, and standard, and also each calligrapher has a special angle. Among 108 studied dots, 25 of them are 60 degrees. This result doesn't show a vast amount of differences but this important tip must not be forgotten that dots' angles are not similar to each other because this is the proportion principle in Nasta'liq. Calligraphers can use various and special pens' angles. Also, a tremendous difference between angles can show that the artwork is not original and it is forged. Another reason is the method alteration, pen's nib and the specifications of using pen. Generally, it is believed that the dots' angles in Nasta'liq are 62 till 63.5 degrees but studying Mir Ali artworks shows us that hand's angle of each artist can be different and also it can be different in each artwork of each artist. Huge differences in this issue can make us think that some artworks are not original and they can be forged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an application in the field of engineering graphics is presented for the design of a geometric calculator generated as a macro in CATIA V5. The code of this macro is written in the CATVBA language and utilizes the CATIA internal editor while taking advantage of the capabilities offered by Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The principal purpose of this application lies in the possibility of creating the three main geometric elements (point, line, and plane) and in solving five types of general geometric problems, and then comparing the results obtained with their equivalent problems from analytical geometry. In particular, within these types of general geometric problems, 34 possible cases are solved: definition of lines (nine cases), definition of planes (12 cases), intersection points (three cases), angles (three cases), and distances (seven cases). These new entities defined with the geometric calculator can serve as support for the generation of new three-dimensional volumes, the creation of auxiliary symmetries, and the dimensioning of various elements. It was verified that the results of the designed macro and the solutions of the analytical equations coincided; therefore, the procedure was validated. Likewise, the module employed herein in the CATIA V5 environment is "Wireframe and Surface Design", since it enables handling the three basic geometric elements (point, line, and plane), which form the basis of the geometric calculator. Lastly, it is verified how the geometric calculator allows their integration with three-dimensional solids, which represents a notable advance as an aid in its geometric definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Antropología y Sociología: Virajes is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines Dostoevsky's novel discourse as a singular unity in the novel The Idiot. This discourse is dominated by the principle of indeterminacy, and the category of subjectivity is closely connected with the novel model of singularity. The aim of the article is to understand the principles of discursive unity organization in the novel on the level of its basic metaphors. These basic metaphors are "point" and "line". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomaly detection in the scope of network security aims to identify network instances for the unexpected and unique, with various security operations employing such techniques to facilitate effective threat detection. However, many systems have been designed based on the absolute mapping of attacks to one of three anomaly types (i.e. point, collective, or contextual), a strategy not supported by the recent findings of hybrid anomaly classifications. Given the growing usage of network anomaly detection and the implications of hybrid anomalies, we propose several heterogeneous anomaly types and provide an unsupervised approach for the automated mapping of network threats. Initial findings on publicly available intrusion datasets support the existence of four unique heterogeneous anomaly types, providing unique insight regarding the next generation of network anomaly detection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Introduction: Intramuscular injections are usually given in the arm or the gluteal region. Needle insertions done through the intramuscular route in the arm are almost always administered at a point 1 - 2 cm above the insertion of the deltoid. However, this site is not such an ideal one as found by certain other workers. Hence, this study was done to establish a series of safe determinant points in and around the arm in the South Indian population of the state of Telangana. Materials and Methods: The five proven safe injection points were tested through needle insertions by observing sterile aseptic precautions in the arms of 370 subjects at the outpatient department of a national level medical research institute after obtaining their consent following the universal safety protocol. Results: The points I [1 to 2 cm above deltoid insertion], II [a point midway between the midpoint of arm and insertion of deltoid] and III [midpoint between anterior acromion and deltoid insertion] were found to be safe for administering intramuscular arm injections in this subset of the population. Conclusion: This explains the erratic course of the anterior branches of the axillary nerve in different geographical populations. Hence, needle insertion points for arm intramuscular injections need to be determined according to the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Points represent one of the most widely used game mechanics in gamification. They have been used as a means to provide feedback to users. They visually show user performance and are used along with other game mechanics to produce synergy effects. However, using points without analyzing the application environment and targets adversely affects users. Objective: This study aims to identify the problems that users encounter when points are applied improperly, to solve problems based on an analysis of previous studies and actual point use cases, and to develop a point design framework to deliver gameful experiences. Methods: Three problems were identified by analyzing previous studies. The first problem is points that only accumulate. The second is points that emphasize a user's difference from other people. The third pertains to the reward distribution problem that occurs when points are used as rewards. Results: We developed a framework by deriving 3 criteria for applying points. The first criterion is based on the passive acquisition approach and the active use approach. The second criterion is used to classify points as "high/low" and "many/few" types. The third criterion is the classification of personal reward points and group reward points based on segmentation of the reward criteria. We developed 8 types of points based on the derived point design framework. Conclusions: We expect that some of the problems that users experience when using points can be solved. Furthermore, we expect that some of the problems that arise when points are used as rewards, such as pointsification and the overjustification effect, can be solved. By solving such problems, we suggest a direction that enables a gameful experience for point users and improves the core value delivery through gameful experiences. We also suggest a gameful experience delivery method in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dot is the simplest graphic symbol, and in the most diverse areas of human thought it signifies the original principle. At the point as a symbol lies the basis of antinomy in the corresponding areas; as the beginning of everything, the point is and is not. The dot represents emptiness, but also fullness. It is imagined on the border of being and non-being, either as a place of transition from what we consider reality in everyday life -- to its negation, or, on the contrary, as a transition from otherworldly reality to nothingness here. In any case, the point connects two worlds: the world of the real and the world of the imagined; it is a place of transcendence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomaly detection in the scope of network security aims to identify network instances for the unexpected and unique, with various security operations employing such techniques to facilitate effective threat detection. However, many systems have been designed based on the absolute mapping of attacks to one of three anomaly types (i.e. point, collective, or contextual), a strategy not supported by the recent findings of hybrid anomaly classifications. Given the growing usage of network anomaly detection and the implications of hybrid anomalies, we propose several heterogeneous anomaly types and provide an unsupervised approach for the automated mapping of network threats. Initial findings on publicly available intrusion datasets support the existence of four unique heterogeneous anomaly types, providing unique insight regarding the next generation of network anomaly detection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examined how implicit and explicit memories contribute to sensorimotor adaptation of movement extent during goal-directed reaching. Twenty subjects grasped the handle of a horizontal planar robot that rendered spring-like resistance to movement. Subjects made rapid "out-and-back" reaches to capture a remembered visual target at the point of maximal reach extent. The robot's resistance changed unpredictably between reaches, inducing target capture errors that subjects attempted to correct from one trial to the next. Each subject performed over 400 goal-directed reaching trials. Some trials were performed without concurrent visual cursor feedback of hand motion. Some trials required self-assessment of performance between trials, whereby subjects reported peak reach extent on the most recent trial. This was done by either moving a cursor on a horizontal display (visual self-assessment), or by moving the robot's handle back to the recalled location (proprioceptive self-assessment). Control condition trials performed either without or with concurrent visual cursor feedback of hand motion did not require self-assessments. We used step-wise linear regression analyses to quantify the extent to which prior reach errors and explicit memories of reach extent contribute to subsequent reach performance. Consistent with prior reports, providing concurrent visual feedback of hand motion increased reach accuracy and reduced the impact of past performance errors on future performance, relative to the corresponding no-vision control condition. By contrast, we found no impact of interposed self-assessment on subsequent reach performance or on how prior target capture errors influence subsequent reach performance. Self-assessments were biased toward the remembered target location and they spanned a compressed range of values relative to actual reach extents, demonstrating that declarative memories of reach performance systematically differed from actual performances. We found that multilinear regression could best account for observed data variability when the regression model included only implicit memories of prior reach performance; including explicit memories (self-assessments) in the model did not improve its predictive accuracy. We conclude therefore that explicit memories of prior reach performance do not contribute to implicit sensorimotor adaptation of movement extent during goal-directed reaching under conditions of environmental uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the surface states in experimental reflection spectra is carried out peculiarities of the formation of defects of the electronic structure of irradiation corundum crystals is considered. It is shown that change of crystals reflectional ability is related to radiative growth forced by aluminum ions. The processes of radiative growth depend on the type and energy of irradiating high-energy particles. Kinetic of that growth is presented, which relates the intensity of zones with free aluminum ions to the concentration of such zones in near-surface layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In arid regions, the rational management of available scare water ressources depends mainly on soil hydraulic properties (i.e., water retentionand hydraulic conductivity). knowledge of soil water content at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) are very important parameters in biophysical modelling. However, direct measurement of these parameters are time consuminng and expensive. Using data mining methods enable accurate estimations and good generalisation of these parameters. 120 soils samples were collected from three horizons of soil profils located in Biskra province, bas Sahara of Algeria. The pedologic parameters, such as clay, silt, sand, bulk density, and organic matter content were used as inputs. Three approachs were considered, multiple lineaire regression (MLR), multilayer perception (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM) for predicting soil water contents at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP). The model performance was evaluated and compared with coefficient of deternination (R2), root mean square error (RSME), and mean error (ME) indexes. The results obtained in our study show that both artificial intelligence algorithms MLP and SVM are able to provide better performances than the conventinel MLR. Also, it was found that the MLP model performs somewhat better than SVM in the model prediction stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we attempt to clear out the ground concerning the Aristotelian notion of density. Aristotle himself appears to confuse mathematical density with that of mathematical continuity. In order to enlighten the situation we discuss the Aristotelian notions of infinity and continuity. At the beginning, we deal with Aristotle's views on the infinite with respect to addition as well as to division. In the sequel, we focus our attention to points and discuss their status with respect to the actuality–potentiality distinction. Then we focus our attention to the nature of continuity, which Aristotle tends to consider as leading to infinite divisibility and potential density of the extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seismic intensity scale is one of the oldest instruments for determining the extent of seismic vibrations. Being initially a descriptive characteristic of seismic impact, intensity has long required only more detailed, thorough consideration and recording of the consequences and manifestations of various primary and secondary effects in earthquakes in order to increase its accuracy. The indicators were changes in the natural environment, the reactions of humans and animals, and the results of the impacts of seismic events on various engineering structures. Obviously, the latter research objects listed in this series have the most variable characteristics over time. The emergence of new building structures and materials had to be reflected in the seismic intensity scales. This is encouraging changes in the scales used and the development of new scales. At the same time, there is the problem of the correlation of earthquake intensity estimates over different seismic intensity scales. The article considers the problem of quantitative assessment of differences in intensity determination according to the MCS, MM, MSK-64, and EMS-98 scales, as well as two new national Russian standards, GOST R 57546–2017 and GOST 34511−2018. Comparison is carried out separately according to the macroseismic and instrumental parts of scales. Macroseismic descriptions of individual points (gradations) is analyzed using indicator object, people, objects, buildings and structures, and natural phenomena. Each indicator is considered separately. For the MCS, MM, and MSK-64 scales, as well as GOST R 57546–2017 and GOST 34511−2018, their instrumental parts were compared. Based on these studies, it was concluded that the macroseismic parts of these scales coincide, with the exception of low estimates of the dimensions of fissures in soils on the MSK-64 scale. Average differences in the descriptions of damage to buildings and structures do not exceed 0.1 points. Significant differences exist in the instrumental parts of MM, MSK-64, and GOST R 57546–2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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For a consequence of the Erdös-Mordell inequality, we establish two new refinements with the help of Maple software. Some applications are also given by new results. Several interesting conjectures checked by computer are presented as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to now all studies on metaphors have focused on the source domain of many concepts such as time, thought, love, fear, etc. pointing at space as the ultimate source area. But nobody so far has tried to investigate the notion of space as a target domain and ask a question what might be the source field of space. The world is full of objects which has different shapes and sizes on space. Most of metaphors used in English language are set on individuals’ visual knowledge with these things. Metaphors are widely used in English as many other languages. We formed a wide difference of metaphors which are based on the simplest of figures. The aim of this research is to investigate metaphors of space in geometric form in English language. It is concluded that metaphors occupied an ultimately important place in English language so that new researches should be done in further studies. Addition to this, we concluded that physical objects that are the only entities accessible to our senses and it is the physical object that is the ultimate source domain of space, time and other concepts. The development of notional meanings of words and phrases in English language which are parallel the physical view is interesting. We investigated expressions such as point, cross, square etc. in English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses some of C. S. Peirce's insights about continuity in his attempt to grasp the concept of the mathematical continuum. After a discussion of his earlier notions which he called 'Kanticity' and 'Aristotelicity' we arrive at his later belief that a continuum is rather a system of potential points. In his mature views, Peirce grasps a continuum as "a whole range of possibilities" without points at all. In the sequel, we turn to take into account some of Leibniz's attempts to deal with continuity and the continuum and we compare Peirce and Leibniz's approaches detecting certain impressive similarities and differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point and line, one of the most basic elements of visual expression, is an important element of basic design education in Interior Architecture. As is known, the basic design course is referred to by similar names in different disciplines and seen as the first step of design education. The most important point that differs Interior Architecture from other similar disciplines is the need to allowing two-dimensional elements' ratio to be increased to the third dimension. In this process, the points form lines, lines form surface and surfaces form volume. The point and line studies carried out in the first year of the basic design education of Interior Architecture departments constitute an important beginning to recognize the design components and to perceive these components in the third dimension. It is assumed that the perception of three dimensions is limited because students can get enrolled in the interior architecture departments degree program if they pass the entrance exam rather than the aptitude test. The fact that the students had not previously been educated on the development of their abilities in volume and drawing attests to this argument. In this study, how line and point studies being the first ones in the First Class Basic Design I course of Akdeniz University Interior Architecture Department develop students' 3D perceptions will be evaluated and whether they associate their designs with basic design principles will be determined in accordance with their verbal communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graphene — the first discovered ideal two-dimensional material combines a wealth of exhibited novel physical phenomena with an overwhelming potential for practical applications. It is a one atom thick material where the carbon atoms sit on a honeycomb lattice. The honeycomb lattice is the cause for the many fascinating properties that graphene turns up with. Conventionally a material scientist would first like to know the symmetry that any newly discovered material possesses, as this can help determine the physical properties of the material. In this article, we discuss the space and point symmetry groups that the hallmark honeycomb structure of graphene possesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we offer a critical account of Aristotelian theory of time. After a brief presentation of the main views of Aristotle on the infinite, we focus the attention to the status of points with respect to the potentiality-actuality distinction. Then we address Aristotle's views on time on the basis of the Aristotelian notion of continuity. We construe the "nows" as potentialities awaiting to be actualized. We show that it is the intervention of an agent (soul), who, through finitely many unitary mental acts of noticing or perceiving, guarantees the actualization of particular "nows", constructs or brings into existence time intervals and through their comparison measures them, so producing what Aristotle calls time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on blood oxygen concentration in the brain of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), thus to reveal the mechanisms of acupuncture in intervening the brain function of PTSD rats.Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a grasping group, a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. Except the blank group, rats in the other groups all received incarceration plus electric shock for 7 d to prepare the PTSD animal model. One hour before the stress model was established, rats in each group received the designated intervention: rats in the blank group and the model group did not receive any intervention; rats in the grasping group received grasping and fixation; rats in the paroxetine group received paroxetine hydrochloride solution by intragastric administration; and rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture. Six-day treatment was a course, with 2 courses of treatment conducted for a total of 12 d. After the modeling, rats in each treatment group received intervention for 5 d, and the fNIRS system was used to collect and record the changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (d-Hb) and total hemoglobin (t-Hb) of the involved rat's brain regions, and also to assess the brain function.Results: Compared with the blank group, the concentration of HbO2 was significantly increased, the concentration of d-Hb was significantly decreased, and the concentration of t-Hb was significantly increased in the model group and the grasping group after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the concentrations of HbO2, d-Hb and t-Hb in the grasping group did not change significantly (all P>0.05). Compared with the grasping group, the concentration of HbO2 was significantly decreased, the concentration of d-Hb was significantly increased, and the concentration of t-Hb was significantly decreased in the paroxetine group and the acupuncture group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of HbO2, d-Hb and t-Hb between the paroxetine group and the acupuncture group (all P>0.05).Conclusion: Acupuncture can regulate the blood oxygen concentration in the brain of PTSD model rats, which may be an important mechanism of acupuncture in intervening the brain function in PTSD rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance and disappearance of immovable points are important spatiotemporal events in geographical information science. They represent phenomena such as the birth and death of trees in forests, construction and destruction of buildings in cities and openings and closures of shops and restaurants. This paper proposes a new method for analyzing the appearance and disappearance of points. The method helps analysts capture the overall picture and regional variation of event pattern and detecting significant local patterns. Four measures are defined that indicate the intensity of spatial and temporal patterns of events. The measures are visualized as grid maps. A statistical test is used to evaluate the significance of the measures to extract the regions of significant patterns. The proposed method is applied in an analysis of shops and restaurants in Shibuya, Tokyo. Technical soundness of the method is discussed along with empirical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 90s, DARPA took major initiatives to develop advanced optical interconnect technologies. Dr. James Grote of AFRL was the Initiator and Program Manager of one of these programs, Polymer Optical Interconnect Technology (POINT) which involved GE, Honeywell, Allied Signal, AMP, Columbia University and UCSD. The program focused on: (a) VCSEL array devices and related packaging technology; (b) Passive alignment for OE packaging; (c) polymer materials (Polyguide) for board and backplane interconnects; and (d) testbed of a 10-channel VCSEL array-based parallel optical links for backplane demonstration. This was one of the earliest research efforts which lead to parallel optical links used widely in today's data centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]