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This study examined the nature, variability, and predictors of school readiness difficulties in young children with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). We hypothesized that, compared to a community control (CC) group, children with CCHD would score less well on measures of readiness and that readiness would be associated with CCHD-related risk factors. Children (60 CCHD and 60 CC) were 4 to 5 years of age and not yet attending kindergarten. Readiness measures included tests of cognition, executive function, motor ability, and pre-academic skills. Caregivers provided child behavior ratings. Analyses examined group differences in readiness, readiness profiles, and associations of readiness with CCHD-related medical risk factors. The CCHD group had lower scores than the CC group on testing and higher caregiver ratings of problems in social communication, as well as higher rates of deficits on several of the measures. Latent class analysis provided evidence for different readiness profiles, with more children with CCHD displaying profiles characterized by weaknesses in readiness. CCHD-related medical risk factors associated with readiness problems in the CCHD group included a co-morbid genetic disorder, postnatal diagnosis of CCHD, major perioperative complication, and longer periods of hospitalizations, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic cross-clamp placements. Findings document multiple problems in school readiness in young children with CCHD. Deficits vary across individuals and are associated with higher medical risk. Results confirm the importance of screening for school readiness in these children and suggest areas to target in designing screening measures and providing early childhood interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the process of becoming a student is currently a key issue in educational science and psychology research. However, there is no consensus on its definition. Based on a redefinition of the concept from a psychodevelopmental and contextual perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 2005; Malrieu, 1973), the aim of this study is to document the inter- and intra-individual variabilities of becoming a student in children during nursery school. Some information on the becoming a student process for 202 French children (M = 5.51 years) from 37 teachers in the last year of nursery school were collected. Based on a longitudinal design, teachers answered the same questionnaire three times within one year, for each child whose parents had given their consent. Data on parents’ socioeconomic background and children’s home screen time were also collected. Latent profile analyses, bivariate analyses, multivariate regressions, and the descriptive analysis of children’s trajectories within profiles over the year highlighted several findings: (a) different becoming a student profiles were identified at each time: children showed different levels of academic competencies, social-emotional development, and school experience; (b) belonging to these profiles was not consistently predicted over the year by the parents’ socioeconomic background or children’s home screen time; and (c) children’s trajectories within these profiles during the last year of nursery school were multiple. These findings contribute to a better understanding of becoming a student and its evolution, with wide-ranging pedagogical implications for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to identify burnout profiles among pediatric nurses and physicians, and their specificities concerning sociodemographic characteristics, occupational stress, stress specific to pediatric caregivers, and coping. Conducted on a sample of 195 French pediatric health care professionals, a cluster analysis showed 2 endpoint profiles (Engagement, Burnout) and 3 intermediate profiles (Overextended, Disengaged, Ineffective). The Burnout profile showed the highest median scores on hours worked per week, occupational stress, stress related to working conditions, and relationships with colleagues and superiors. The Overextended profile reported more stress related to working conditions than did other intermediate profiles. The Disengaged profile showed the second lowest median score on stress related to relationships with colleagues and superiors and less social support–seeking than other profiles. The Ineffective profile used less problem-focused coping than the Engagement and intermediate profiles. Intervention for the well-being of these professionals should focus primarily on improving their working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (WMART) to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography (SCIAMACHY). This technique is based on SaskMART (the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model), which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system (OSIRIS) data. One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites. In this study, the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model (SCIATRAN), as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors (HPVs) and one Chappuis triplet vector (CTV), to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km. Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals, we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions. The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes. Between 18 and 55 km, the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5% for tropics and middle latitudes, whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes, with a deviation of less than 10% above 50 km. Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder (MLS) v5.0 indicates that the difference is within ±5% between 18 and 55 km, and an agreement within 10% is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes. Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within ±5% between 20 and 59 km, and difference of approximately 10% is achieved below 20 km. Compared with ozonesondes data, a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5% between 15 and 30 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning is an essential task in the work of a teacher. Very little research has been carried out on the way that student teachers understand this preparatory phase, nor on the way that professional competence for planning is developed. Our research aims to understand what student teachers do about planning at the point when their professors expect them to be able to put their knowledge into practice. Using a new system to record the traces of student teachers' planning activity based on photos taken by the 12 participants, this qualitative doctoral research highlights four distinct planning profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study identified profiles of outpatient physician follow-up care and other practice features, mostly after detection of incident mental disorders (MD), and associated these profiles with patient characteristics and subsequent adverse outcomes. Methods: A cohort of 170,957 patients age 12 + with a new or recurrent MD detected in 2019-20 was investigated based on data from the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System. Latent class analysis was performed to identify follow-up care profiles, mostly within one year of MD detection. Bivariate analyses tested associations between profiles and patient characteristics; logistic regressions examined relationships between profiles and adverse outcomes after one year. Results: Five profiles were identified: Profiles 2 and 5 (64%) offered low mental health (MH) outpatient follow-up care, while the others dispensed higher MH follow-up care. Profiles differed in patient characteristics and related outcomes. Labelled "Follow-up care by usual psychiatrist", Profile 1 (1% of sample) included younger patients with the most health and social issues. Profile 2 (50%), "Low MH follow-up care but high prior consultations for physical reasons", mostly integrated older patients with chronic physical illnesses. Profile 3 (11%), "Follow-up care by general practitioners (GP) and psychiatrists", referred to physicians other than the usual ones (e.g., walk-in practice) and encompassed patients with severe MD conditions. Profile 4 (23%), "High follow-up care by usual GP and prior consultations for physical reasons", showed the typical characteristics of patients treated in primary care (more common MD, women, less materially and socially deprived). Profile 5 (15%), "Low MH follow-up care and prior consultations for physical reasons", integrated more younger men, materially deprived patients, and with substance-related disorders (SRD) or co-occurring MD-SRD. More Profile 1 and 3 patients lived in university regions – those of Profile 4 were the least numerous in such regions. More Profile 5 patients lived in metropolitan and rural areas. Risk of death was higher in Profiles 5, 2, 3, and risk of frequent ED use and hospitalization higher in Profiles 1, 3, and 5 – patients with severe health and social issues. Conclusion: The study confirmed the need to improve prompt, adequate and continuous follow-up care for patients with incident MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Health literacy is important in chronic conditions, such as kidney transplantation. Understanding patients' health literacy profiles can assist tailoring follow‐up and educational programmes to the health literacy needs of vulnerable kidney transplant recipients. This approach enabled us to cluster patients according to their profiles of challenges and strengths in different health literacy domains. Objectives: This study aimed to identify different health literacy profiles within kidney transplant recipients and what characterized the different profiles. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Participants: One hundred ninety‐five kidney transplanted recipients were included. Measurements: We used the self‐reported Health Literacy Questionnaire and analyzed using Ward's method (hierarchical cluster approach). We also collected background characteristics and clinical variables, including psychological distress (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist) and perceived health status (visual analogue scale, EuroQol‐5D). Results: The analysis revealed four clusters with substantial differences in health literacy profiles. One cluster's patients had the most challenges in all health literacy domains constituting 24% of the sample. Compared to the other three clusters, this cluster was associated with shorter duration of kidney disease, higher number of patients in dialysis before transplantation, higher percentage of male patients, lower number of kidneys from living donors, higher number of patients not working and higher representation of psychological distress. All four clusters reported the most challenges in the same domain: the ability to critically appraise health information. Conclusion: In kidney transplant recipients, profiling clusters with the Health Literacy Questionnaire and Ward's method aids in identifying health literacy needs in vulnerable groups, enabling transplant professionals to offer tailored health literacy support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic social media use (PSMU) is known to be associated with self-esteem, depressive symptomology, extraversion, neuroticism and the fear of missing out (FOMO). However, few studies have sought to understand how these psychological factors may converge and differentially relate to PSMU severity. Thus, the current study examined how these factors may present as different 'user profiles'. A total of 574 participants completed an online survey, and hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means clustering techniques were used to form profiles. A five-cluster solution was identified. The clusters differed in PSMU scores and in order of PSMU severity were identified as FOMO, Emotionally Vulnerable, Low-risk, Low Extraversion and Protective profiles. These findings indicate a more nuanced understanding of PSMU severity may be gained by considering how specific psychological correlates converge as opposed to considering them as unique predictors of PSMU. Future research may benefit from conceptualising PSMU from a combined risk lens that prioritises the relationship between PSMU correlates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than two years after the great outbreak of COVID suffered in almost the whole world, and in particular in Europe, we have gradually learned about the direct effects of this virus on our health and what consequences it can have if we become infected. However, this pandemic also had great economic and social consequences that affected people in an indirect way, which we can call COVID side effects. In this work we carried out an innovative type of analysis based on the concept of archetypoids in order to find extreme observations in a database of mixed-type data and used them to classify individuals yielding to different health and behavioural profiles in coping with the COVID outbreak in the EU. We use data from the first COVID-19 Survey of the SHARE project (Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe). The resulting profiles are easier to interpret than others based on central observations, and help to understand how the situations of restrictions and lock-downs affected people since the outbreak of the pandemic. Another key point of the work was to analyse how determinant are some aspects such as gender, age group or even geographical location in how each person experienced the pandemic. The method that we propose is wide enough to be used in other health and wellbeing surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study identified profiles of quality of life (QoL) deterioration among permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents during the COVID-19 pandemic, which hasn't been reported on yet. Between November 2020 and April 2022, 231 PSH residents from Quebec (Canada) were interviewed. Patient profiles were identified with Cluster Analysis based on the participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and service use were compared (p < 0.05). Three QoL profiles were identified, with 62% of sample reporting QoL deterioration. Profile 1 (26% of sample) included middle-aged men living mostly in congregate PSH since 5 + years, having high social support, few health problems, and perceiving low deterioration of their health conditions and QoL. Profile 2 (44%) included residents living in PSH less than 2 years, with low social support, highly affected by serious mental disorders, few by COVID-19, perceiving deterioration of their mental health conditions and QoL. Profile 3 (30%) included younger residents living in congregate PSH for 2–5 years, with low social support, high health problems, and perceived deterioration of health conditions and QoL. The study underlined the importance of sustaining housing and care access in a pandemic context for individuals with the most unmet needs, more at risk of QoL deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we used meteorological data to simulate vertical profiles of optical turbulence at the Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) (Russia, 43°40′19″ N 41°26′23″ E, 2100 m a.s.l.), site of the 6 m Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal. For the first time, the vertical profiles of optical turbulence are calculated for the SAO using ERA-5 reanalysis data. These profiles are corrected using DIMM measurements as well as estimations of atmospheric boundary layer heights. We may note that the method basically reconstructs the most important features of the shape of the measured profile under clear sky. Atmospheric turbulent layers were identified, and the strength of optical turbulence in these layers was estimated. The model hourly values of seeing corresponding to the obtained vertical profiles range from 0.40 to 3.40 arc sec; the values of the isoplanatic angle vary in the range from 1.00 to 3.00 arc sec (at λ = 500 nm). The calculated median of seeing is close to 1.21 arc sec. These estimations are close to the measured median of seeing (1.21 arc sec). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to document the development of nurses' affective commitment to their occupation and organization during the first five years of their career, as well as the connections between these two types of commitment trajectories. We also considered the associations between these early trajectories, nurses' levels of psychological need satisfaction, and the quality of their early socialization. We finally investigated the implications of these trajectories for nurses' work satisfaction, psychological distress, somatization, and patient care quality. Relying on a sample of 659 newly registered nurses (Mage = 26.8; 88% females) measured four times over a two-year period, we relied on growth mixture analyses to assess the shape of their commitment trajectories defined as a function of tenure. These analyses revealed four profiles, similar across targets of commitment: High, Moderate, Low and Increasing, and Average/Low and Decreasing. For both targets, higher levels of commitment were anchored in more stable trajectories, and with better functioning across outcomes. Need fulfilment and socialization experiences helped drive more desirable trajectories and provided short-term boosts in commitment. Overall, we found more similarities than differences between both forms of commitment, and noted that nurturing one type of commitment seemed to help develop the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of people that intentionally avoid the news is growing. This could have several personal and societal implications. Previous research exposed various motives to avoid news, which lead to different manifestations of news avoidance, and consequently different implications. However, so far less is known about the differences in news avoidance types. In this study, we aim to explore different profiles of news avoiders beyond demographics, based on their motives to avoid news, values in life and personality traits. We analyze how this relates to background characteristics, the degree of news avoidance (occasional, regular, consistent), and news consumption. We rely on a survey conducted in The Netherlands (N = 2798) in March 2022. We conducted a Latent Profile Analysis and found seven news avoiders' profiles: (1) interested occasional avoider; (2) emotive occasional avoider; (3) critical occasional avoider; (4) status-driven occasional avoider; (5) skeptical frequent avoider; (6) news outsider; and (7) convinced frequent avoider. This provides a nuanced picture of news avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The present study examined client profiles in observed emotion to explore possible subgroups among clients given that there is substantial heterogeneity in clients' expression of emotion in therapy. Subgroups were identified using the sequential model of emotional processing, which posits that global distress, shame/fear and rejecting anger represent 'early expressions of distress', whereas assertive anger, self‐compassion and grief/hurt are conceptualised to be 'adaptive states' that predict good outcomes. The present study also offers a unique strategy for studying differences in clients' emotional presentation with implications for within‐session assessment by therapists. Method: Sections of videotaped therapy sessions for 34 participants in emotion‐focussed therapy were coded for each emotional state. Through cluster analysis, participants were grouped based on the relative magnitude of each emotion state in the model. Results: In the first set of analyses, two naturalistic groups were formed: Cluster 2 had higher levels of adaptive emotion and rejecting anger than Cluster 1. There was a significantly greater proportion of good within‐session outcomes in Cluster 2 than in Cluster 1. In the second set of analyses, a separate cluster analysis categorised participants based on their early expressions of distress. Four groups were described as follows: Distressed, Protesters, Fearful & Ashamed and Minimally Distressed. Only the Minimally Distressed group showed significantly higher rates of good within‐session outcome. Discussion: These findings provide support for the emotional processing model by using novel methods and analyses. Although the findings are preliminary, they have implications for clinicians' assessments of clients' emotional needs and characteristic presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a globally renowned engineering feat, aims to address water supply issues. The sediments within reservoirs play a pivotal role in natural ecosystems, not only as habitats for diverse biota but also as repositories of heavy metals, organic matter, and other contaminants. These sediments serve as a critical interface between sediment and water bodies. This comprehensive analysis focused on the spatial patterns of nutrients, organic matter, and heavy metals in the surface layer and profiles of reservoirs, exploring their interconnectedness. Leveraging the integrated pollution index, organic pollution index, potential ecological risk index, and geo-accumulation index, an ecological risk assessment was performed. The key findings are as follows: (i) Along the Middle Route of the South-to-North Diversion Project, the nutrient and organic matter contents in sediments tends to rise with distance from the Danjiangkou Reservoir, with the TN and TC contents increasing by 2.35- and 3.05-fold, respectively. (ii) As the sediment depth increases, the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter contents exhibit varying degrees of decline, with average decreases of 62.38%, 67.47%, 17.56%, and 41.83% for TN, TC, TP, and OM, respectively. (iii) Among the eight heavy metals, only manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the Yahekou Reservoir showed moderate pollution levels, according to the geo-accumulation index. The Mn content within the surface sediments of the six reservoirs ranges from 550 to 1837 mg/kg (average, 1019.5 ± 548.3 mg/kg), whereas the Zn content ranges from 89 to 360 mg/kg (average, 156.5 ± 101.6 mg/kg). (vi) Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) emerged as the primary pollutants in surface sediments. Comprehensive nitrogen and phosphorus pollution assessment revealed that the surface sediment of Danjiangkou Reservoir is mildly polluted, while Baiguishan and Jiangang Reservoirs are moderately polluted, and the rest are heavily contaminated. For the Yahekou and Chaohe Reservoirs, the average pollutant content indicates moderate pollution, while the remaining reservoirs show mild pollution levels. Highlights: Characteristics of nutrients in the profile of sediments were investigated. Complex relationship between organic matter and heavy metal was revealed. Water quality of part reservoirs has ecological risk by the multiple methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Soluble inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurosyphilis have been investigated with low-throughput technology. This study aimed to illustrate the characteristics of soluble factor profiles in CSF of patients with neurosyphilis. Methods We measured the concentrations of 45 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in CSF from 112 untreated syphilis cases, including latent syphilis (LS), asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS), meningeal neurosyphilis (MNS), meningovascular neurosyphilis (MVNS), paralytic dementia (PD), and ocular syphilis (OS). Results Thirty-three differentially expressed soluble factors (DeSFs) were categorized into 3 clusters. DeSF scores of clusters 1 and 2 (DeSFS1 and DeSFS2) were positively correlated with elevated neopterin and neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) concentration, respectively. DeSF scores of cluster 3 were positively correlated with white blood cells, protein, NF-L, and neopterin. Patients with LS, ANS, and OS exhibited an overall lower abundance of DeSFs. Patients with PD exhibited significantly increased levels of clusters 1 and 3, and the highest total DeSF score, whereas patients with MNS and MVNS showed enhanced levels of cluster 2. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that DeSFS1 effectively discriminated PD, and DeSFS2 discriminated MNS/MVNS with high accuracy. Conclusions Patients with neurosyphilis at different stages have distinctive patterns of soluble factors in CSF, which are correlated with immune status and neuronal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Management / Revista de Administração da UFSM is the property of Brazilian Journal of Management / Revista de Administracao da UFSM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Determining unmet need patterns and associated factors in primary care can potentially specify assessment batteries and tailor interventions in dementia more efficiently. Objective: To identify latent unmet healthcare need patterns and associated sociodemographic and clinical factors. Methods: This Latent Class Analysis (LCA) includes n = 417 community-dwelling people living with dementia. Subjects completed a comprehensive, computer-assisted face-to-face interview to identify unmet needs. One-hundred-fifteen predefined unmet medical, medication, nursing, psychosocial, and social care needs were available. LCA and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify unmet needs patterns and patient characteristics belonging to a specific pattern, respectively. Results: Four profiles were identified: [1] "few needs without any psychosocial need" (n = 44 (11%); mean: 7.4 needs), [2] "some medical and nursing care needs only" (n = 135 (32%); 9.7 needs), [3] "some needs in all areas" (n = 139 (33%); 14.3 needs), and [4] "many medical and nursing needs" (n = 99 (24%); 19.1 needs). Whereas the first class with the lowest number of needs comprised younger, less cognitively impaired patients without depressive symptoms, the fourth class had the highest number of unmet needs, containing patients with lower health status, less social support and higher comorbidity and depressive symptoms. Better access to social care services and higher social support reduced unmet needs, distinguishing the second from the third class (9.7 versus 14.3 needs). Conclusions: Access to the social care system, social support and depressive symptoms should be assessed, and the patient's health status and comorbidities monitored to more comprehensively identify unmet needs patterns and more efficiently guide tailored interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric turbulence characteristics are essential in determining the quality of astronomical images and implementing adaptive optics systems. In this study, the vertical distributions of optical turbulence at the Peak Terskol observatory (43.27472°N 42.50083°E, 3127 m a.s.l.) using the Era-5 reanalysis and scintillation measurements are investigated. For the closest reanalysis grid node to the observatory, vertical profiles of the structural constant of the air refractive index turbulent fluctuations C n 2 were obtained. The calculated C n 2 (z) vertical profiles are compared with the vertical distribution of turbulence intensity obtained from tomographic measurements with a Shack–Hartmann sensor. The atmospheric coherence length at the location of Terskol Peak was estimated. Using a combination of atmospheric models and paramaterization schemes of turbulence, C n 2 (z) profiles at Mt. Kurapdag were obtained. The values of atmospheric coherence length at Peak Terskol are compared with estimated values of this length at the ten astronomical sites, including Ali, Lenghu and Daocheng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the nature of Canadian early career (0 to 3 years) nurses' (N = 704; 87.8% female, aged 20 to 52) psychological need fulfillment profiles, accounting for the global and specific level of satisfaction and frustration of their needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Our adoption of a longitudinal design (12 months, three time points with n = 626 at Time 1, 459 at Time 2, and 370 at Time 3) made it possible to test the within-person and within-sample stability of these profiles. To obtain a more in depth understanding of these profiles, we investigated the role of job demands and resources in the prediction of profile membership, and several work-related outcomes of these profiles. Latent transition analysis revealed five profiles differing in global and specific need fulfillment levels. These profiles remained stable over the 12 months, although nurses tended to transition into less fulfilled profiles over time. Nurses' perceptions of job demands and resources shared well-differentiated relations with the profiles, and more fulfilled profiles tended to report more adaptive functioning and well-being at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify special education teachers' profiles in relation to their levels of burnout, work engagement and job satisfaction, following a person- oriented approach. This approach was chosen in order to provide cfombinations of attributes that shape high-risk groups of low engagement and high burnout. Additionally, it was examined whether these profiles differed with regard to special education teachers' individual parameters and work-related characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, number of children in family, level of education, region of employment and teaching experience. The sample included 664 in-service special education teachers (503 females and 161 males) working in primary and secondary schools. Two-step cluster analysis yielded four profiles, entitled: passionate, workaholic, operational and overworked. Differences were also noted among profiles, in terms of participants' age, educational level, region and teaching experience. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for future research in order to early detect and support teachers at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The heterogeneous nature of cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) hampers understanding of the underlying mechanisms and developing patient-tailored interventions. We aim to identify and classify cognitive profiles in PwMS, comparing these to cognitive status (preserved versus impaired). Methods: We included 1213 PwMS (72% female, age 45.4 ± 10.7 years, 83% relapsing–remitting MS). Cognitive test scores were converted to Z-scores compared to healthy controls for the functions: attention, inhibition, information processing speed (IPS), verbal fluency and verbal/visuospatial memory. Concerning cognitive status, impaired cognition (CI) was defined as performing at Z ≤ − 1.5 SD on ≥ 2 functions. Cognitive profiles were constructed using latent profile analysis on all cognitive functions. Cognitive profiles or status was classified using gradient boosting decision trees, providing the importance of each feature (demographics, clinical, cognitive and psychological functioning) for the overall classification. Results: Six profiles were identified, showing variations in overall performance and specific deficits (attention, inhibition, IPS, verbal fluency, verbal memory and visuospatial memory). Across the profiles, IPS was the most impaired function (%CI most preserved profile, Profile 1 = 22.4%; %CI most impaired profile, Profile 6 = 76.6%). Cognitive impairment varied from 11.8% in Profile 1 to 95.3% in Profile 6. Of all cognitive functions, visuospatial memory was most important in classifying profiles and IPS the least (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.910). For cognitive status, IPS was the most important classifier (AUC = 0.997). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that cognitive heterogeneity in MS reflects a continuum of cognitive severity, distinguishable by distinct cognitive profiles, primarily explained by variations in visuospatial memory functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring individual differences and looking beyond averaged parameters of early numeracy in young children with mild intellectual disabilities has become an area of interest to many researchers worldwide. This study aimed to identify the different profiles of early numeracy skills in young children with mild intellectual disabilities. For this purpose, we assessed early numeracy through Utrecht early numeracy test and learning aptitude through Detroit Test, in a sample of 135 children diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. The mean of their mental age was 5:09 (years:months). Two-step cluster analysis identified four homogenous groups of children with distinct early numeracy profiles as follows:C1 were fluent in relational and numerical skills up to 20, C2 were fluent in relational skills and numerical skills up to 10, C3 had basic knowledge of relational skills and inconsistent numerical skills up to 10 and C4 had inconsistent relational skills and numerical skills. Results are discussed with reference to their educational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe how fathers are involved as parents after parental separation. Most research on post-separation father involvement has focused on "nonresident" fathers, who have little to no child-custody time. However, fathers with shared and primary custody must also be considered to provide a more complete portrait of post-separation father involvement. A representative sample of 733 fathers in Quebec, Canada, with a child under 14 years of age and who separated between 2016 and 2018 completed an online questionnaire. Latent profile analyses of measures of fathers' involvement post-separation in positive involvement activities, indirect care and decision-making relative to the other parent were performed. Four profiles were identified: recreational (19%), balanced (52%), take-charge (21%) and load-bearing (7%). Profiles differed in fathers' overall level of involvement relative to the other parent and in their degree of involvement in each of the three dimensions measured. Compared to balanced-profile fathers, those in the recreational and load-bearing profiles had lower income and education level, lived farther away from the other parent and had a lower coparenting relationship quality. Recreational fathers were also more likely to be born in a developing country and load-bearing fathers more frequently reported that the other parent lived with a new partner. Although custody type (little-to-none, shared, or primary) was strongly associated with father involvement profiles, all types were represented in each profile. In conclusion, most fathers are far from uninvolved parents after separation. Custody time fails to fully and accurately capture their parental involvement. Highlights: After parental separation, most fathers (52%) are as involved as the other parent in positive activities, indirect care and decision-making. More than one out of four fathers (28%) are more involved with the child than the other parent after separation. Factors related to the father, the relationship between parents and the separation distinguished the father involvement profiles. Fathers with less custody time than the other parent can be as involved in positive activities with the child, indirect care and decision-making as shared and primary custody fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze the heat transfer variations in different models of shell and tube heat exchangers considering geometric variations in the baffle angles and in the tube's profiles. Each baffle configuration and geometric variation in the profiles were tested under different mass flow rates (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 kg·s−1) in the shell to study the heat transfer improvement. The models were simulated using a CFD simulation software ANSYS Fluent including an experimental geometry which was used to validate the simulation process. The experiment results are in good agreement with the CFD results. The analysis of the results shows that an angle of 60° in the baffles generated the highest heat flow (more than 40 kW) with an inclination to the cold flow inlet and a mixed distribution considering a mass flow rate of 1 kg·s−1 in the shell. In addition, the horizontal elliptic profile achieved a heat flow higher than 29 kW with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg·s−1 in the shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as a risk factor in cardiometabolic morbidity but there is no consensus on its definition for teenagers. We aimed to identify cardiometabolic health profiles and which parameters best discriminate them. K-means partitioning identified cardiometabolic profiles by sex using data on health measurements of 530 adolescents from the PARIS birth cohort. A discriminant analysis was performed. Cardiometabolic risk score and handgrip strength were also measured. Depending on definitions, MetS prevalence ranged from 0.2% to 1.3%. Two profiles were identified for the entire group and by sex: "healthy" and "at cardiometabolic risk." Weight and waist-to-height ratio or waist circumference explained more than 87% of the variance in the profile differentiation. The "at cardiometabolic risk" profiles included adolescents with overweight, a waist-to-height ratio over 0.5, and prehypertension. They had higher cardiometabolic risk scores and parents who were more likely to be overweight and have cardiometabolic diseases themselves. They also had higher birthweights, earlier adiposity-rebound and puberty ages, and lower relative handgrip strength. Conclusion: The two profiles identified, based on cardiometabolic health, were associated with early indicators and handgrip strength. Results suggest that the waist-to-height ratio is a useful clinical tool for screening individuals at cardiometabolic risk and who therefore require clinical follow-up. What is Known: • Although there is a need for tools to assess cardiometabolic health during adolescence, there is no consensus on the definition of metabolic syndrome for this age group. What is Knew: • The findings suggest that waist-to-height ratio can serve as a simple and valuable clinical tool for screening individuals at cardiometabolic risk who may require clinical monitoring for early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the nature of the social interaction profiles observed among youth with intellectual disabilities (ID), defined while considering their relationships with their parents, peers, and teachers, as well as the implication of these profiles for self-esteem, aggressive behaviors, and prosocial behaviors. A sample of 393 youth with mild (48.2%) to moderate (51.8%) levels of ID, aged between 11 and 22 (M = 15.70), was recruited in Canada (n = 141) and Australia (n = 253). Our results revealed four profiles, corresponding to Socially Isolated (23.24%), Socially Integrated (39.83%), Socially Rejected (28.37%) and Socially Connected (8.57%) youth with ID. The socially integrated and connected profiles both presented higher self-esteem, more prosocial behaviors, and less aggressive behaviors than the socially isolated and rejected profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Profile similarity measures are used to quantify the similarity of two sets of ratings on multiple variables. Yet, it remains unclear how different measures are distinct or overlap and what type of information they precisely convey, making it unclear what measures are best applied under varying circumstances. With this study, we aim to provide clarity with respect to how existing measures interrelate and provide recommendations for their use by comparing a wide range of profile similarity measures. We have taken four steps. First, we reviewed 88 similarity measures by applying them to multiple cross-sectional and intensive longitudinal data sets on emotional experience and retained 43 useful profile similarity measures after eliminating duplicates, complements, or measures that were unsuitable for the intended purpose. Second, we have clustered these 43 measures into similarly behaving groups, and found three general clusters: one cluster with difference measures, one cluster with product measures that could be split into four more nuanced groups and one miscellaneous cluster that could be split into two more nuanced groups. Third, we have interpreted what unifies these groups and their subgroups and what information they convey based on theory and formulas. Last, based on our findings, we discuss recommendations with respect to the choice of measure, propose to avoid using the Pearson correlation, and suggest to center profile items when stereotypical patterns threaten to confound the computation of similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify specific burnout profiles among healthcare workers caring for young cancer patients and to investigate their specificities in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, stress, coping mechanisms, and perceived rewards. Methods: A total of 262 French healthcare professionals working with young cancer patients completed the study protocol (sociodemographic characteristics, Pediatric Caregiver Stress Questionnaire, Work Rewards Scale–Pediatric Oncology, Ways of Coping Checklist – Revised, Maslach Burnout Inventory). A cluster analysis was performed to identify burnout profiles. ANOVAs and chi-tests were performed in order to identify the differences between the clusters. Results: The cluster analysis performed showed two end-points profiles with three low or high dimensions (Engagement, Burnout) and three intermediate profiles with only one high dimension (Overextended, Disengaged, Ineffective). The Burnout profile was characterized by a high level of stress, particularly related to working conditions, a low level of perceived rewards, and a low use of problem-focused coping. The Overextended profile was characterized by a high level of stress, particularly related to working conditions. The Disengaged profile had a higher level of stress and a lower level of perceived rewards than the Engagement profile. The Ineffective profile was characterized by low levels of perceived rewards, problem-focused coping, and social support seeking. Conclusion: Interventions to improve the health of healthcare professionals caring for young cancer patients should focus primarily on improving working conditions (work overload, work/life balance) and promoting a stable work environment, enabling healthcare workers to develop their resources at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of cognitive fluency and different fluency profiles that underlie L2 speech fluency, in relation to cognitive efficiency in L1 and L2, in a group (n = 64) of university students of English. The participants conducted, first, a freely produced monologue narration task in L1 and L2. Second, they performed two cognitive tasks in L1 and L2 measuring the efficiency of lexical access: a rapid word naming task and a Stroop task. Thirdly, L2 proficiency level was assessed with a vocabulary test. The correlations between proficiency and cognitive variables were low to moderate. Based on a cluster analysis, the participants were divided into four fluency profile groups differing in speech and disfluency rate, proficiency, and efficiency of processing. The results suggest that an awareness that learners represent various fluency profiles based on cognitive variables can aid formal teaching situations to include more versatile tasks for different kinds of learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Geography & Environmental Management is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etnolingwistyka is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research relies on a combination of variable‐ and person‐centered approaches to improve our understanding of the dimensionality of work engagement and burnout. Among 1004 teachers who completed a questionnaire twice over an eight‐month period, our results first revealed that work engagement and burnout ratings simultaneously reflected two global overarching constructs co‐existing with six specific dimensions (vigor, dedication, and absorption as well as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy). We then examined the profiles taken by these global and specific dimensions, documented their stability and interrelations over time, and tested their associations with theoretically relevant predictors. Three work engagement (Vigorously Engaged, Disengaged, Engaged) and three burnout (Burned‐Out, Adapted, Normative) profiles were identified. Most Disengaged teachers at Time 1 corresponded to the Burned‐Out profile at Time 2, and most Burned‐Out teachers at Time 1 corresponded to the Disengaged profile at Time 2. Workload perceptions increased teachers' likelihood of membership into the Disengaged profile relative to the Engaged one. In contrast, most job resources perceptions (control, rewards, and values) predicted an increased likelihood of membership into the Engaged profile relative to the Disengaged one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors adopt a person-centered approach to the investigation of the dimensionality of the union commitment construct by capitalizing on a 10-year longitudinal study (from 1992 to 2002) of 637 union members in their first year of employment measured again 1 and 10 years later. Results reveal four distinct profiles of union commitment, presenting a stable structure over time. These profiles demonstrate consistency in commitment level across the three most common union commitment dimensions, thus questioning the necessity of adopting a multidimensional approach. Results show that union members became more similar to other members of their profiles over time, and that their union commitment became slightly less extreme as union tenure increased. Finally, results show that union commitment profiles predict union participation, in accordance with our expectations, and suggest that endorsing positive attitudes toward unions and their instrumentality was a stronger predictor of profile membership than was satisfaction with the actions of one's own union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the problem of automating the determination of daily water discharge rates based on continuously measured levels and individual water discharge measurements using discharge curves (DCs), which are the most basic characteristic of river (and floodplain) channel capacity and are widely used in river flow analysis and hydraulic calculations. Conclusions on the optimal analytical representation of the DC and the possibilities of constructing a universal model of hydrometric flow analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting a longitudinal person-centred perspective, we examined the profiles of employee commitments to the organization, supervisor, occupation, work team, and family in a diversified sample of employees (N = 1459) surveyed three times at one-month intervals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with recent developments in research on commitment towards multiple targets, these profiles were estimated while considering employees' global levels of commitment to their work life (across targets) as well as the specific nature of their commitment to each target. Our results revealed six distinct commitment profiles differing quantitatively and qualitatively from one another and defined by employees' global and target-specific levels of commitment. These profiles were replicated across the three measurement points. Profile membership was moderately to highly stable over time but also demonstrated some malleability. Lastly, we found that employees' levels of basic psychological need satisfaction at work and perception of work meaningfulness predicted membership into more favourable commitment profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses privation of education, health or housing. Women show more positive perceptions of poor people, making external attributions for the causes of poverty or the circumstances that explain it. The aim of this study is to analyse perceptions of poverty, identifying the differences in attitudinal profiles between women and men, and the influence of their political and religious beliefs. The sample consists of 278 participants (154 women and 124 men), who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Scale of Attitudes and Stereotypes toward Poverty. The results showed two attitude profiles for women and men, with differences in the first profile, where women or men did not have religious beliefs, had left-wing or centre-left political ideas and favourable attitudes about poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the empirical research on corruption for the past 45 years has focused on perception-based definitions and measurements. Citizens' perceptions, their attitudes and (self)reported experiences of corruption have been widely studied through different perception-based measures obtained in surveys, interviews, and experiments applied to citizens in general, and experts, business leaders, politicians, or public officials. Notwithstanding the significant progress made to understand the complexity of citizens' understandings, judgements and practices, we are still unable to decipher by what criteria they establish what is or is not corruption and what types of corruption are susceptible of being condemned/tolerated. This paper makes an innovative contribution to fill this gap. We propose a methodological design to identify and measure different perception-based definitions of corruption based on two contrasting normative perspectives: deontological and consequentialist ethics. We identified four groups: the Virtuous; the Intransigent; the Pragmatic; and the Hypocrite. Using survey data from a national sample of Portuguese citizens, we employ discriminant analysis and logistic regression models to differentiate individual profiles in terms of process- and outcome-based social definitions of corruption and explore the explanatory factors that account for these different conceptualisations and their different degree of tolerance towards corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a severe public health concern directly endangering life safety, adolescent suicide has been extensively investigated in variable-centered studies. However, gaps remain in the knowledge of heterogeneous suicide risk patterns and their developmental nature. Additionally, little is known about protective factors associated with suicide risk patterns and changes. This study applied person-centered approaches to explore suicide risk profiles and transitions over time in early Chinese adolescents, along with their protective factors. A total of 1518 junior high school students (49.6% girls, Mage = 13.57, SD = 0.75) participated in two surveys within a 12-month interval. Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Transition Analysis were used to model the profiles and transitions of suicide risk. Three risk profiles were identified at both time points: low risk profile (73.9, 78.3%), medium risk-high threat profile (16.2, 10.2%), and high risk profile (9.9, 10.2%). Low risk profile was stable, while medium risk-high threat and high risk profiles showed great transitions over 12 months. Sense of control, meaning in life, and regulatory emotional self-efficacy served as protective factors against suicide risk profiles and transitions. Findings underscore the importance of comprehensively illustrating suicide risk states from multiple aspects, as well as understanding the fluid nature of transitions between different risk states. Prevention and intervention strategies aimed at enhancing resilience, such as increasing sense of control, perceived meaningfulness, and belief in emotional regulation, may contribute to reducing the risk of suicide among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the profiles taken by global and specific facets of work engagement and burnout among a sample of novice (M tenure = 3.77 years) nurses (n = 570; 88.4% females; M age = 29.3 years). This study also investigated the role of psychological need satisfaction in the prediction of profile membership, and the implications of these profiles for attitudinal (job satisfaction), behavioral (in-role and extra-role performance, absenteeism, and presenteeism) and health (perceived health difficulties) outcomes. Latent profile analyses revealed six profiles: High Global Engagement and Low Global Burnout, Moderately High Global Engagement and Moderately Low Global Burnout, Low Dedication and Efficacy and Highly Cynical, Dedicated but Exhausted Burned-Out, Low Efficacy Burned-Out, and Very Low Global Engagement and Very High Global Burnout. Although these profiles were replicated over a 1-year period, profile membership was only weakly stable. The most beneficial outcomes were observed in the High Global Engagement and Low Global Burnout profile, and the most detrimental in the Very Low Global Engagement and Very High Global Burnout profile. Need satisfaction was also associated with profile membership, although associations were stronger for global levels of need satisfaction than for specific levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness need satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)