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This paper presents a revised version of the Coimbra method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses. The method itself is the only biologically appropriate recording method for fibrocartilaginous entheses that scores features separately, thereby ensuring that the aetiology of individual features can be studied. The method divides the enthesis into two zones, scoring the relevant features in each zone. These features represent either bone formation or bone destruction and include erosive lesions, fine and macro-porosity, and cavitations. The revised method includes a new feature, textural change, which is scored as absent or present when it involves 50% or more of the surface. All other features are now scored as zero (absent), one or two with the higher score representing greater expression of the feature. This change in scoring has led to the reduction of inter-observer error with approximately 80% agreement for overall feature scores for both the common extensor origin and subscapularis insertion. The simplification of the scores and the reduction in inter-observer error mean that the method is now recommended for widespread use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A working group was established in 2009 during a workshop in Coimbra, Portugal to review the various methodologies used to record entheseal changes (EC) and develop a standardised system to facilitate comparisons across studies. This paper presents the first results of the Coimbra method, a new qualitative method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses based on the types of changes observed. Materials and methods: The new method divides the enthesis into a margin (only the area opposite the acute angle of fibre attachment) and surface (which also includes the remaining margin). Five features are recorded: bone formation, erosion, fine porosity, macro-porosity and cavitation. A total of 67 male skeletons from the identified SIMON collection, Geneva, Switzerland, all of whom were manual workers and aged between 20 and 79 years, were used for this study. Six skeletons were used by the authors as exemplars to determine standard criteria for recording each change. Thirty male skeletons were selected to test intra-observer and inter-observer error of the new method. An additional 31 skeletons were used for a preliminary test of the relationship between EC and age, using exploratory statistics and ordinal regression. Results: Intra-observer and inter-observer error had a similar percentage agreement of around 70%. The exploratory statistics indicated a general trend for increased scores of each feature with age, but ordinal regression demonstrated that this was not statistically significant ( p < 0.05) for all features. Discussion: The recording method is repeatable for some entheses. The effect of the ageing process is dependent on enthesis and EC feature. Unlike most methods, the Coimbra method records EC features in detail; this has the advantage of allowing studies of the relationship between different EC and age as well as sex and occupation. Further studies on larger identified skeletal collections are needed to test the effect of age, sex and occupation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]