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This study examined doctoral students' occupational socialization experiences in U.S. adapted physical activity doctoral programs. Twenty-eight doctoral students were recruited and participated in semistructured, in-depth interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed through a collaborative qualitative analysis, which resulted in the construction of four themes: (a) early socialization experiences foster a positive, but limited impression of physical education and physical activity; (b) doctoral education is pursued to have a greater impact on the disability community; (c) relationships with socializing agents provide support during doctoral education; and (d) coursework and learning in the community facilitate preparation for faculty roles. The findings indicate that there are several similarities between doctoral students and their peers in other doctoral degree programs. Some of these similarities point to issues that may concern prospective doctoral students and faculty members in adapted physical activity terminal degree programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an examination of picturebook retellings of Cinderella tales featuring anthropomorphic characters. Using critical multicultural lenses, researchers analyzed the texts for the ways beauty was depicted. Findings suggest that the nonhuman characters were subjected to standards of beauty that mirror those of our current societies, namely fairer hair and skin, as well as slenderer bodies, being deemed preferable to other types. Additionally, the researchers noted that anthropomorphic characters were often expected to sacrifice key elements of their identities in order to conform to gendered expectations. The researchers therefore suggest that educators push for critical conversations when sharing such texts in their classrooms in order to help young readers interrogate the stories and discuss the ways they may perpetuate negative stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous challenges exist in fully understanding current lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology and commercializing "beyond LIBs" which could help support reaching net-zero carbon emissions in the future. These highly complex systems undergo many dynamic processes at different time and length scales, including ion conduction, interphase formation, and degradation, that can be challenging to capture with traditional characterization tools. As a result, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has become an invaluable platform for enhancing the understanding of these complex and important processes. SPM can be used to obtain topographical, mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical information on a wide range of materials in a variety of environments, including in situ and operando studies. In this perspective, we briefly describe the operating principles of LIBs and a number of relevant SPM techniques, followed by presenting recent highlights of SPM's unique capabilities as a characterization tool for battery systems. Finally, we offer recommendations for the improvement of SPM studies of battery materials as well as future outlooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green water loads on prismatic obstacles (representing topside structures) mounted on the raised deck of a simplified vessel are investigated using computational fluid dynamics simulations and physical model testing with emphasis on examining different structure shapes, orientation angles and relative structure size. For each scenario investigated, several flow features are identified that characterize the green water interaction with the structure and influence loads, namely delayed flow diversion, formation of a vertical jet, scattered wave formation and the development of complex wake patterns. Comparing across structures, these interactions are more pronounced for blunt objects, and the associated force impulse is larger. For example, a cube with flow at normal incidence is found to experience approximately twice the force impulse of a circular cylinder of the same projected area. Equally, rotation of the cube leads to reduced run-up height and streamwise force on the structure. To explain these trends, a theoretical model based on Newtonian flow theory is adopted. This model provides an estimate of the streamwise force exerted on obstacles in high-Froude-number flows and shows good agreement with the numerical results when the flow is supercritical, shallow (small water depth relative to structure width) and the structure is tall (large structure height relative to water depth). Despite some limitations, the model should provide an efficient force prediction tool for practical use in design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Adherence to survivorship care is suboptimal among pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. We evaluated predictors of cancer center-based follow-up among pediatric/AYA cancer survivors, with an emphasis on social determinants of health (SDOH). Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data at an academic medical center to identify patients aged 0–29 years at last cancer treatment who completed treatment 2010–2019. Cancer center-based follow-up was defined by oncology or survivorship clinic visits through 12/31/2022. Multivariate logistic regression models (overall, ages 0–19 [pediatric], 20–29 [YA]) evaluated the association of demographics, clinical/treatment characteristics, and SDOH (insurance type, distance to cancer center, area deprivation index) with clinic attendance. Further modeling accounted for the service area of a community-based organization (CBO) that supports families of children with cancer. Results: A total of 2210 survivors were included (56% pediatric, 44% YA; 66% non-White). Cancer center-based follow-up decreased from 94% 1-year post-treatment to 35% at > 5–7 years. In adjusted analysis, AYAs had the lowest follow-up (5–7 years post-treatment: OR 0.25 [0.15–0.41] for age 25–29; OR 0.25 [0.16–0.41] for age 20–24; OR 0.32 [0.20–0.52] for age 15–19). Survivors residing within the CBO service area were twice as likely to follow-up (OR 2.10 [1.34–3.29]). Conclusions: Among a diverse population, AYA survivors were vulnerable to loss to follow-up. Other SDOH were not consistently associated with follow-up. Support from a CBO may partly explain these findings. Implications for Cancer Survivors: CBOs may strengthen survivorship follow-up within medically underserved communities. More research is needed to understand community support in survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery from serious mental illness requires persons to make their own meaning and deal with evolving challenges and possibilities. Psychiatric rehabilitation thus must offer more than manualized curricula that address symptoms and skills. We suggest that exposure to the humanities and in particular literature may offer practitioners unique avenues for developing interventions that are sensitive to the processes that enable meaning to be made. We suggest that through what the poet Keats called negative capability, reading novels may enhance practitioners? abilities to see and accept uncertainty, tolerate ambiguity without need for complete resolution, and accept the complex and ambiguous nature of persons. As an illustration we described how reading two novels, The Trial and Slaughterhouse-Five enhanced the process of meaning making while supporting the recovery of one prototypical person with serious mental illness during his efforts to make sense of his experience of returning to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urethral strictures and bladder neck contractures (BNCs) can be significantly morbid for patients and may require intervention for effective urinary drainage. We hypothesized patients with abnormal scarring disorders, such as keloids or hypertrophic scars, are at elevated risks of urethroplasty failure as well as postprocedural urethral strictures and BNCs. Methods: We queried the TriNetX database to determine the risk of urethroplasty failure for patients with abnormal scarring disorders compared to controls. We also investigated the risk of developing urethral strictures and BNCs for patients undergoing various endourology procedures. Results are reported in terms of risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was considered when the CI did not include 1.0. Propensity score matching was performed to limit confounding. Notably, TriNetX rounds values < 10 to 10 for patient anonymity (denoted by *). Results: Urethroplasty patients with scarring pathology needed a second procedure more than twice as often (36.2% vs. <17.2%*, RR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.1–4.1). Following cystoscopy, there was no difference in urethral stricture rates for patients with scarring disorders (2.7% vs. 2.6%, RR = 1.1, 95%CI 0.85–1.3). These patients also showed similar rates of BNCs (7.5% vs. 5.3%, RR = 1.4, 95%CI 0.84–2.3) and urethral strictures (5.9% vs. 5.3%, RR = 1.1, 95%CI 0.68–1.8) after transurethral bladder outlet procedures. Conclusions: Patients with scarring disorders showed much higher urethroplasty failure rates. They experienced similar rates of urethral strictures and BNC formation after endoscopic procedures. These novel findings underscore the importance of recognizing abnormal scarring conditions during preoperative assessments, guiding clinicians in counseling patients and tailoring operative interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global public health risk posed by Salmonella Kentucky (S. Kentucky) is rising, particularly due to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal populations. This serovar, widespread in Africa, has emerged as a notable cause of non-typhoidal gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach to develop a peptide-based vaccine targeting epitopes from the outer membrane proteins A, C, and F of S. Kentucky. Additionally, we employed flagellin protein (fliC) from Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) as an adjuvant to enhance the vaccine's effectiveness. Through this approach, we identified 14 CD8+ and 7 CD4+ T-cell epitopes, which are predicted to be restricted by various MHC class I and MHC class II alleles. The predicted epitopes are expected to achieve a population coverage of 94.91% when used in vaccine formulations. Furthermore, we identified seven highly immunogenic linear B-cell epitopes and three conformational B-cell epitopes. These T-cell and B-cell epitopes were then linked using appropriate linkers to create a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). To boost the immunogenicity of the peptide construct, fliC from S. Typhimurium was included at the N-terminal. The resulting MEV construct demonstrated high structural quality and favorable physicochemical properties. Molecular docking studies with Toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, and 5, followed by molecular dynamic simulations, suggested that the vaccine-receptor complexes are energetically feasible, stable, and robust. Immune simulation results showed that the MEV elicited significant responses, including IgG, IgM, CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells, and various cytokines (IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-12), along with a noticeable reduction in antigen levels. Despite these promising in-silico findings, further validation through preclinical and clinical trials is required to confirm the vaccine's efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over-threshold flood events in 70 years of data from 202 reference hydrometric stations in Canada and the United States were separated into nival, mixed, and pluvial flood types. While Mann-Kendall trend tests showed few significant trends in flood magnitude, significant changes in flood type fraction were found over time, with annual mean temperature, and with annual precipitation. Nival events decreased in frequency over the 70-year period in 16% of sites, while mixed and pluvial events increased (5%, 12%). These changes indicate a shift from nival events towards more pluvial-dominated systems. Fewer significant changes in flood type fraction were found with analysis against four climate indices. Flood frequency analysis using a combined distribution approach with the three flood types resulted in larger magnitude design flow estimates (median increase of 20–30%) in comparison with the results from considering the data as a single population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the world's first x-ray free electron laser. It is a scientific user facility operated by the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, at Stanford, for the U.S. Department of Energy. As beam time at LCLS is extremely valuable and limited, experimental efficiency—getting the most high quality data in the least time—is critical. Our overall project employs cognitive engineering methodologies with the goal of improving experimental efficiency and increasing scientific productivity at LCLS by refining experimental interfaces and workflows, simplifying tasks, reducing errors, and improving operator safety and stress. Here, we describe a multi-agent, multi-scale computational cognitive interaction model of instrument operations at LCLS. Our model simulates the aspects of human cognition at multiple cognitive and temporal scales, ranging from seconds to hours, and among agents playing multiple roles, including instrument operator, real time data analyst, and experiment manager. The model can roughly predict impacts stemming from proposed changes to operational interfaces and workflows. Example results demonstrate the model's potential in guiding modifications to improve operational efficiency. We discuss the implications of our effort for cognitive engineering in complex experimental settings and outline future directions for research. The model is open source, and the videos of the supplementary material provide extensive detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Excessive alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Since increased amyloid plaque burden exacerbates cognitive decline, we sought to assess the potential impact of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on cognition, memory, and amyloid burden corresponding with age. Methods We conducted the retrospective analysis with 6036 subjects, including 269 AUD+ subjects. A four-item CAGE (C—Cutting Down, A—Annoyance by Criticism, G—Guilty Feeling, E—Eye-openers) alcohol questionnaire was given during the recruitment to determine AUD in each participant. We assessed cognitive function, focusing on memory using neuropsychological testing. For 1038 participants, including 57 AUD+ subjects, we measured amyloid burden using the 11C Pittsburgh Compound B tracer-based positron emission tomography imaging. Results AUD+ was significantly associated with lower scores of cognition and memory function relative to AUD− individuals. No significant association was found with AUD and elevated brain amyloid under the age of 65. However, further analysis showed that those aged ≥65 showed greater odds for abnormal amyloid in AUD+ compared to AUD− participants. Conclusions Our results underscore AUD as a risk factor for cognitive decline and diminished memory, particularly in aging populations. The role of AUD in brain amyloid accumulation requires further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolite, a microporous mineral with strong ion binding, can enhance nutrient availability and growth of plants, such as maize (Zea mays L.). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has also been shown to enhance nutrient availability and growth of plants, including maize. However, the interaction between AM symbiosis and zeolite is poorly understood. In this study, the effect on growth of maize was examined following soil treatment with N-enriched (ZN+) zeolite, which could retain 19.68% N, or N-free zeolite (ZN−), compared to N-enriched or N-free vermiculite (VN+ and VN−). There was a 2.7-times increase in the growth of maize under ZN+ treatment compared to ZN−, indicating that N could be released from zeolite for plant growth, and a 3.8-times increase with ZN+ treatment compared to VN− or VN+, indicating that zeolite was more effective than vermiculite in releasing N for plant growth. Subsequently, ZN+ and ZN− treatments were examined with non-AM (M−) and AM (M+) treatments using Rhizophagus irregularis. ZN+ M+ treatment led to higher AM colonization and development compared to M+ ZN−treatment, indicating an interaction of AM in roots with N from zeolite. PCA revealed improvements in leaf N content, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, and secondary metabolites with M+ ZN+ treatment, which was also observed in comparison to M−ZN+ and M− ZN−treatments, further supporting the benefit of combining N from zeolite with an AM fungus. The combination of N released from N-enriched zeolite and AM symbiosis offers a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers to improve maize growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early initiation of treatment for lung cancer has been shown to improve patient survival. The present study investigates disparities in time to treatment initiation of invasive lung cancer within and between Black and White patients in Tennessee. Methods: A population-based registry data of 42,970 individuals (Black = 4,480 and White = 38,490) diagnosed with invasive lung cancer obtained from the Tennessee Cancer Registry, 2005–2015, was analyzed. We conducted bivariate ANOVA tests to examine the difference in time to treatment initiation among independent factors, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to identify independent factors that influence median time to treatment initiation after diagnosis. Results: When considering the estimate of the proportion of time to treatment initiation based on the combined influence of all independent factors (sex, age, race, marital, county of residence, health insurance, cancer stage, and surgical treatment), Black patients were generally more at risk of delayed treatment compared to Whites. Black patients aged <45 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.94) and married White patients (aHR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.07–1.18) had the highest increased risk of late treatment among their respective racial subgroups. In the general sample, patients with private health insurance had (aHR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.01–1.16) higher risk of late treatment beyond 2.7 weeks compared to self-pay/uninsured patients. This was consistent among both Black and White subsamples. Patients with localized and regional lung cancer stages had a decreased risk of delayed treatment compared to those diagnosed at the distant stage among both Black and White patients. Conclusions: Black patients were often at greater risk of late initiation of treatment for invasive lung cancer in Tennessee. Additional research is needed to understand factors influencing time to treatment initiation for Black patients in Tennessee. Further, cancer care resources are needed in Black communities to ensure timely treatment of invasive lung cancer, reduce disparities, and promote equitable care for all cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesions are associated with recurrent shoulder instability and higher rates of failure after capsulolabral repair compared with similarly treated Bankart lesions. Although these lesions can portend poor outcomes, there are limited data on the associated conditions and postoperative course in a young, active population. Purpose: To evaluate the mid- to long-term clinical course and failure rates after ALPSA repairs and assess features associated with these outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors identified all patients who underwent primary arthroscopic anterior or combined anterior and posterior labral repair between January 2010 and January 2020 at a single US military academy. Patient and injury characteristics were retrospectively reviewed while excluding patients with follow-up of <2 years. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the presence of an ALPSA lesion as identified using arthroscopy, and patients with non-ALPSA lesions were matched to those with ALPSA lesions in a 5:1 ratio based on age, sex, time from injury to surgery, glenoid bone loss, and follow-up duration. The primary outcome measures were failure and revision surgery. Any recurrent shoulder instability event was considered a failure, including subjective or objective subluxation and/or dislocation, recurrence of pain consistent with instability, or functionally limiting apprehension. Survival analysis and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ALPSA lesions and propensity for failure. Results: The authors compared 225 patients with non-ALPSA labral tears against 45 patients with ALPSA lesions. ALPSA lesions were associated with multiple preoperative dislocations (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9; P =.00096) and increased prevalence of Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs) (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.8-16.0; P <.0001) and near-track HSLs (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.7-7.6; P =.00049). At the final follow-up, there was no difference in overall failure or recurrent instability between patients with and without ALPSA lesions (20% vs 16% [ P =.563] and 17.8% vs 10.2% [ P =.147], respectively). On multivariate regression, ALPSA did not affect the likelihood of failure (P =.625). However, those with ALPSA lesions experienced failure earlier (1.7 vs 3.1 years; P =.020). When revision ALPSA repairs were performed, 43% failed. Conclusion: In patients with anterior instability treated with primary arthroscopic stabilization, ALPSA lesions were associated with HSLs and multiple dislocations. Although ALPSA repair failure occurred at a similar frequency in the mid- to long term compared with Bankart repairs, ALPSA repair failure tended to occur early in the postoperative course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of YAP deficiency on NF-κB hyperactivation in disrupting airway epithelium differentiation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). The study found that mechanical disruption due to lung compression in CDH leads to impaired differentiation of airway epithelium cells, resulting in a proinflammatory NF-κB signature. Tracheal occlusion (TO) was shown to restore normal NF-κB signaling by rescuing YAP activity, indicating a potential mechanism for improving lung development in CDH cases. The research suggests that restoring nuclear YAP localization may help recover differentiation defects in CDH airway epithelial cells, offering insights into the pathogenesis of lung defects in CDH. [Extracted from the article]

This mini-review aims at proving that waste-to-energy (WtE) is an essential cornerstone for circular economy (CE). Based on literature, the history of thermal waste treatment over the last 150 years is investigated, from open burning to WtE with resource recovery and final sink function. The results show that in the past incineration solved the issues it was designed for but often created new and sometimes even worse problems: The introduction of incineration in the 19th century improved urban sanitation, decreased waste volume and prolonged operational life of landfills. But it also polluted the environment, triggering an unprecedented scientific and engineering effort of all stakeholders. Today, WtE is one of the best investigated and optimized technologies in waste management. It enables the recovery of energy as heat and electric power and facilitates the 'cleaning' of cycles by the destruction of hazardous organic substances. Recent developments in resource recovery from WtE residues allow to recycle metals and, in the case of sewage sludge, even phosphorus by thermal recycling. Combined with carbon capture and storage technology, WtE stands for a quantifiable contribution to greenhouse gas reduction. Today, WtE is indispensable to reach the goals of CE, namely recycling of energy and materials, supplying safe final sinks for persistent organic substances and minimizing the need for sinks for hazardous inorganic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To interview a series of individuals with bulimia nervosa of longstanding to establish their symptoms and examine the suggestion, using qualitative analysis, that the term "Severe and Enduring Bulimia Nervosa (SEED-BN)" might be appropriate and helpful. Methods: 12 participants with Bulimia Nervosa, one male, were interviewed with the help of an interview guide. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Results: Participants with Bulimia Nervosa described serious problems in many realms, especially social, psychological, family and relationships. Conclusions: Bulimia nervosa of long duration is associated with many serious symptoms. It seems likely that recognition of long-standing bulimia nervosa as a severe and enduring eating disorder could encourage clinicians and families to pay attention to the wide variety of problems suffered by this group. Further research is required to examine this proposal. Plain English Summary: People can suffer from eating disorders (EDs) for many years. The term Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders (SEED) has been used in order to draw attention to the many difficulties, physical, psychological, social and family, suffered by people living with longstanding EDs. The concept of SEED has been applied to Anorexia Nervosa and the term Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) has been coined to refer to them. We have seen many people with long term Bulimia Nervosa (BN) with binge eating, vomiting, abuse of laxatives and body image problems, and believe that they too can be thought of as suffering a severe and enduring illness (SEED-BN or SE-BN) requiring attention to a wide variety of difficulties. We interviewed 12 individuals with BN of at least 5 years duration using qualitative research interviews and analysed the interviews to identify themes emerging. We confirmed that people living with longstanding BN have serious problems in a number of areas including social life, relationships, mental health and physical health. Although we believe that further studies are required, the term SEED-BN or SE-BN can reasonably be used in the group of people with BN of long duration who have significantly reduced quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficult determination of morphological properties in metal foams stands behind the reasons why metal foams are not widely used in industry, since quality control of the batches produced is limited to destructive methods. To approach this challenge, a new method of analysis of morphological properties based on 2D X‐Ray radiograms and the employment of a new Convolutional Neural Network architecture is proposed. The training of this model is based on a combined approach of simulating simplified foams as pretraining data and the acquisition of real experimental data, extracted from X‐Ray computer tomographies. The network is trained successfully with 41 foams to obtain predictions for cell size distribution between 0.3 and 5 mm, as well as sphericities in ranges from 0.4 to 1. In addition, tests are carried out to get an insight into the robustness of the model when confronted with similar data that are not included in the training process. It is found that the effectiveness of the neural network increases with a larger number of cells in the observed volume where above 500 cells per volume 92.5% of sphericity predictions and 99.4% of cell size predictions passed the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how entrepreneurs perceive success, the influence of their values on this perception, and the association between values and success. We surveyed 96 Irish entrepreneurs to capture their definitions of success, their own values, their perceptions of a successful entrepreneur's values, and various success metrics. We coded the qualitative responses regarding what success means to them using Schwartz's (1992) model of human values. We found different and partly conflicting interpretations of success, suggesting that entrepreneurial success is multidimensional. While many participants interpreted success as related to achievement and power, others interpreted it as related to universalism and benevolence, going beyond past research that defined entrepreneurial success as primarily based on self-enhancement motives. Further, entrepreneurs in our sample valued conformity, tradition, and security less than the average person in Ireland, but stimulation and self-direction more. Interestingly, entrepreneurs' values were unrelated to the understanding of success and the actual success of entrepreneurs, as measured by turnover and the number of staff. This is an encouraging finding because it suggests that people can become successful entrepreneurs independently of their values. Together, our findings provide new insights into how entrepreneurs conceptualize success, revealing both self-enhancing and self-transcending perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous report showed that methanol extracts from soil collected one year after harvesting American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) contained activity that increased root rot caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. This effect was associated with suppression of the defense responses of P. quinquefolius. The activity was undetectable in soil not previously planted with ginseng, and it was hypothesized that it may be a factor in the development of ginseng replant disease (GRD). GRD can persist for 30 or more years and is associated with root rot from I. mors-panacis. A survey of activity that increases root rot was made of the soil at different times before and after commercial ginseng root harvesting. No activity that increased root rot from I. mors-panacis was detected in the soil of a first American ginseng crop over the three years from planting until prior to harvesting. After harvesting the first crop, no activity was detected during the fall or early spring, but I. mors-panacis's ability to increase root rot was detected in the soil during late spring, when ginseng crop debris from the first crop had almost completely decayed and the soil had warmed. Activity increasing root rot from I. mors-panacis was also detected in the soil from 1 to 30 years after ginseng harvesting. These results indicate that activity in soil that increases root rot from I. mors-panacis is not detectable until after the crop has been first harvested and then can persist for many years, which is consistent with the long persistence of GRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henri Grivois has posited that psychosis involves the subjective experience of oneself as the center or focal point of the world. In this experience, the world that is typically unrelated to oneself becomes incomprehensible, and in its place is the sense that all life events are directly related to oneself or that one is perpetually at the center of all noteworthy activity. We suggest that this experience of centrality can be understood through the lens of the integrated model of metacognition. Specifically, we explore the idea that the metacognitive domain of decentration, or the ability to form ideas about the larger community one is a part of, can be used to operationalize and measure centrality. We propose a three-phase approach to addressing centrality within an integrative psychotherapy focused on subjective and experiential aspects of recovery. These phases focus on the patient's experience of centrality and include (1) inviting the therapist to join one's centrality, (2) acknowledging others as different from oneself, and (3) recognizing alternative perspectives in the world. We provide case examples and explore the metacognitive tasks and potential barriers associated with each phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conspiracy beliefs have spread during the Covid‐19 pandemic. It is important to understand them because of their potential to undermine trust in societal institutions and willingness to get vaccined. In the present research (N = 538), we assessed the links between conspiracy beliefs, trust in institutions (e.g., government, WHO), and attitudes towards the Covid‐19 vaccination across the USA, Brazil and the UK. A moderated mediation analysis revealed the crucial role of political leaders in linking conspiracy beliefs with vaccination attitudes. Trust in the president was positively associated with conspiracy beliefs in Brazil because of its conspiracist president at the time (Bolsonaro), which in turn was negatively associated with vaccination attitudes. In contrast, trust in political leaders at the time in the UK (Johnson) and the USA (Biden) was negatively associated with conspiracy beliefs. In conclusion, our findings contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms that link conspiracy beliefs with trust and vaccination attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in radiology grows, the increase in demand for greater bandwidth and computational resources can lead to greater infrastructural costs for healthcare providers and AI vendors. To that end, we developed ISLE, an intelligent streaming framework to address inefficiencies in current imaging infrastructures. Our framework draws inspiration from video-on-demand platforms to intelligently stream medical images to AI vendors at an optimal resolution for inference from a single high-resolution copy using progressive encoding. We hypothesize that ISLE can dramatically reduce the bandwidth and computational requirements for AI inference, while increasing throughput (i.e., the number of scans processed by the AI system per second). We evaluate our framework by streaming chest X-rays for classification and abdomen CT scans for liver and spleen segmentation and comparing them with the original versions of each dataset. For classification, our results show that ISLE reduced data transmission and decoding time by at least 92% and 88%, respectively, while increasing throughput by more than 3.72 ×. For both segmentation tasks, ISLE reduced data transmission and decoding time by at least 82% and 88%, respectively, while increasing throughput by more than 2.9 ×. In all three tasks, the ISLE streamed data had no impact on the AI system's diagnostic performance (all P > 0.05). Therefore, our results indicate that our framework can address inefficiencies in current imaging infrastructures by improving data and computational efficiency of AI deployments in the clinical environment without impacting clinical decision-making using AI systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of several synthesis parameters including aging time, micropore-structure-directing agents, and hydrothermal treatment temperature profile were systematically examined with respect to their impact on the crystallinity of macroscopic zeolite Y spheres formed in the presence of organic anion-exchange resin templates. Spherical resins were utilized as hard templates to shape the zeolite Y particles. Zeolite Y precursors were initially deposited into the pores of the resin template and subsequently crystallized over time through precise control over these synthesis parameters. The resulting zeolite Y spheres were characterized using an array of characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, FTIR, and XRF. We identify the optimal conditions for maximizing the crystallinity of the macroscopic zeolite Y particles using resin templates as macroscopic shaping agents. This functional material has the potential to be used as both catalyst and adsorbent in several applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Germline pathogenic variants in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) cause paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma syndrome type 4 (PGL-4). SDHB-associated pheochromocytomas (PCC) are thought to be rare and little data exist about their clinical behavior. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of patients treated (1993–2023) at a tertiary cancer center for SDHB-associated PCC. Clinical and demographic variables were retrieved to characterize disease-free survival, disease progression, and overall survival. Results: In total, 90 SDHB-carriers were identified, 18% had PCC (n = 16). Median age at diagnosis of was 40 (19–76) years, 50% (n = 8) of patients were male, 25% (n = 4) had distant metastasis (DM) at diagnosis, and 13% (n = 2) had synchronous PGL. No patients had bilateral disease, and 94% of patients underwent surgery as initial treatment with a curative intent in 75%. Overall, 64% of patients underwent open resection. Recurrence occurred in 77% of patients (n = 10), 75% in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus 77% open, p = 0.63. Bone was the most common site of DM (100%, n = 13). Metaidobenzyleguanidine (MIBG) imaging was performed in 69% of patients, 91% of which were positive. Median time from surgery until recurrence was 36 months (1–295 months). Radiation therapy was the most common adjuvant treatment (44%) followed by Iobenguane I-131 (31%) and systemic therapy (31%). Median follow-up time was 56 months (1–408 months). Overall, 33% of patients were alive, 19% of patients were disease-free, and 50% of the patients with DM had stable disease at last follow-up. Conclusions: Overall, 18% of germline SDHB mutation-carriers were diagnosed with PCC, all of which were unilateral. SDHB-associated PCC was associated with advanced and recalcitrant disease and was often MIBG positive. More studies are needed to better understand the clinical behavior of PCC in PGL-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of supply chain management is changing rapidly as new practices, concepts, and technologies are regularly implemented in practice to improve supply chain performance. The Association of Supply Chain Management (ASCM) publishes an annual list of the top 10 trends in supply chain management. Academic programmes must keep their curricula current to prepare students adequately to enter this dynamic field. We conducted an international survey of supply chain management academic programmes to determine the extent to which the current trends are covered in their curricula. Results showed that many trends are covered as at least a major topic in one course in most programmes, but some trends are not as pervasive. We provide recommendations for academic programmes looking to incorporate these top trends into their curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a country with an abundance of renewable resources, Australia has an opportunity to emerge as a global leader in the production of green iron rather than simply extracting and exporting iron ore around the world. While it makes sense to do so in the changing geopolitical environment, and to assist in achieving our commitments to dramatically reduce our carbon emissions, this paper sheds light on the complex technical and economic arguments for the creation of a green iron industry here in Australia. We argue that targeted government intervention coupled with industry commitment to transforming the sector could realistically result in the emergence of a nascent green iron industry in the medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrology and hydrography of the Canadian Prairies are complex and difficult to represent in hydrological models. Recent studies suggest that runoff velocities on the Canadian Prairies may be much smaller than generally assumed. Times to peak, basin-scale flow velocities and roughnesses were derived from hourly streamflow hydrographs from 23 basins in the central Alberta Prairies. The estimated velocities were much smaller than would be estimated from most commonly used empirical equations, suggesting that many existing methods are not suitable for estimating times to peak or lag times in these basins. Basin area was found to be a poor predictor of basin-scale rainfall-runoff flow velocity. Estimated velocities generally increased with basin scale, indicating that slow basin responses at small scales could be related to the predominance of overland and/or shallow sub-surface flow over the very level topography. Basin-scale values of Manning's roughness parameter were found to be orders of magnitude greater than values commonly used for streams in other parts of the world. The very large values of roughness call into question whether the Manning equation should be used to calculate runoff in the prairies. These results have important implications for calculating rainfall runoff in this region since using widely published values of roughness will result in poor model estimation of streamflow hydrographs. It is likely that the Darcy–Weisbach equation, which is applicable to all flow regimes, may perform better in high-resolution hydrological models of this region. Further modelling and field research will be required to determine the physical causes of these very small basin-scale velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The La Prele site (ca. 12,940 cal BP) is a deeply buried, single-component mammoth kill and campsite in Wyoming (USA). The site was discovered eroding from a creek bank 3 m deep within a 7-m tall terrace scarp, and prior investigations have primarily focused on excavations accessible from the creek bank, using heavy machinery to remove sterile overburden to access the deeply buried deposits. This approach has allowed excavations to occur safely outside of deep pits, but it has limited our ability to assess the total size and density of the site. To determine total site extent, we conducted systematic bucket auger testing of the La Prele site terrace, attempting 189 augers between 1.6 m and 6.2 m deep across the landform. We use a simulation and other mathematical procedures to infer artifact density from auger artifact counts and interpolate artifact densities across the site using GIS. We determine that La Prele is around 4500 m2 in area and likely contains a buried bison bonebed and two additional artifact concentrations comparable to or exceeding the size and density of previously excavated areas. We use these insights to infer Early Paleoindian group size, concluding that around 30 people occupied La Prele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: One of the main culprits of honey bee colony losses is the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, which is primarily controlled with acaricides, which lose efficacy due to resistance and can contaminate honey. An alternative is to breed bees that are resistant to Varroa, which was conducted in this study by bidirectional selection for mite fall to obtain colonies with low (resistant) or high (susceptible) Varroa population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Selection for three generations resulted in greatly reduced Varroa population growth in LVG compared to HVG colonies. In addition, Varroa infestation rates of bees were lower in LVG colonies, and they had lower Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) infection levels. Survival of Varroa-parasitized bees was higher for LVG bees compared to HVG bees, which may help explain why colony winter survivorship was higher for LVG colonies than for HVG colonies. Selecting colonies of bees for LVG resulted in better individual and colony bee health, demonstrating its effectiveness as a means of breeding for controlling Varroa mites. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) population declines have been associated with the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, which is currently primarily controlled by the use of acaricides. An alternative is to breed for resistance to Varroa, which was conducted in this study by bidirectional selection for mite fall to obtain colonies with low (resistant) or high (susceptible) Varroa population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Selection for three generations resulted in approx. 90% lower Varroa population growth in LVG than in HVG colonies. In addition, late summer Varroa infestation rates of brood and adults were both significantly lower in LVG colonies (p < 0.01), which was also significantly associated with lower Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) infection levels (p < 0.01). Survival of Varroa-parasitized bees was almost 50% higher for LVG bees compared to HVG bees (p < 0.01). Also, colony winter survivorship was significantly higher for LVG colonies than for HVG colonies (p < 0.05). However, the higher colony populations observed for LVG colonies were not significantly different from those of HVG colonies. Overall, individual and colony health was improved by selecting colonies for LVG, demonstrating its effectiveness as a means of breeding for controlling Varroa populations in honey bee colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that physical exercise can modulate the endogenous melatonin level in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and improve their sleep quality. However, it remains unclear whether physical exercise or melatonin supplement, or a combination of both, is more effective in improving sleep quality in this population. The purpose of this study is to answer this research question by comparing the effectiveness of three types of interventions (physical exercise vs. melatonin supplement or a combination of both) in improving sleep quality in children with ASD. Methods: Sixty-two (62) children diagnosed with ASD were randomly assigned to one of four groups: cycling (n = 18), melatonin supplement (n = 14), a combination of both (n = 12), and placebo control group (n = 18). Four (4) sleep parameters (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, and wake after sleep onset) were assessed. Results: The results revealed a significant improvement in sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and sleep duration in all of the interventions, but not in the placebo control group. However, no significant group differences were found among the interventions (ps >.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest similar effectiveness of physical exercise and melatonin supplementation in improving sleep quality in children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for oncology drugs in clinical practice and under development. Monitoring cancer patients for hepatotoxicity is challenging as these patients may have abnormal liver tests pre‐treatment or on‐study for many reasons including liver injury due to past oncology treatments, hepatic metastases, medical co‐morbidities such as heart failure, and concomitant medications. At present, there are no regulatory guidelines or position papers that systematically address best practices pertaining to DILI detection, assessment and management in oncology patients. Aims: The goals of this review are (1) to examine and interpret the available evidence and (2) to make recommendations for detection, monitoring, adjudication, and management of suspected hepatocellular DILI during oncology clinical trials. Methods: This manuscript was developed by the IQ Consortium (International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in pharmaceutical development) DILI Initiative that consists of members from 17 pharmaceutical companies, in collaboration with academic and regulatory DILI experts. The manuscript is based on extensive literature review, expert interpretation of the literature, and several rounds of consensus discussions. Results: This review highlights recommendations for patient eligibility for clinical trials with or without primary/metastatic liver involvement, as well as changes in liver tests that should trigger increased monitoring and/or discontinuation of study drug. Guidance regarding causality assessment for suspected DILI events, rechallenge and dose‐modification is provided. Conclusions: This review brings together evidence‐based recommendations and expert opinion to provide the first dedicated consensus for best practices in detection, assessment, and management of DILI in oncology clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term preoperative methionine restriction (MetR) is a promising translatable strategy to mitigate surgical injury response. However, its application to improve post-interventional vascular remodeling remains underexplored. Here we find that MetR protects from arterial intimal hyperplasia in a focal stenosis model and pathologic vascular remodeling following vein graft surgery in male mice. RNA sequencing reveals that MetR enhances browning in arterial (thoracic aorta) perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and induces it in venous (caval vein) PVAT. Specifically, Ppara is highly upregulated in PVAT-adipocytes upon MetR. Furthermore, MetR dampens the postoperative pro-inflammatory response to surgery in PVAT-macrophages in vivo and in vitro. This study shows that the detrimental effects of dysfunctional PVAT on vascular remodeling can be reversed by MetR, and identifies pathways involved in MetR-induced browning of PVAT. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of short-term preoperative MetR as a simple intervention to ameliorate vascular remodeling after vascular surgery. Utilizing short-term dietary interventions for surgical preconditioning stands as an emerging approach to enhance surgical outcomes. Here, the authors show the potential of short-term preoperative methionine restriction as a simple intervention to ameliorate postinterventional vascular remodelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research has suggested that people diagnosed with schizophrenia experience challenges in their abilities to reflect upon themselves, others and their actions in the world. One emerging approach to addressing these forms of subjective disturbance is Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT). Aims: In this study, a randomized delayed trial was conducted to assess the effects of MERIT upon metacognition, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life. Materials and Methods: Following recruitment and randomization, data from 54 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia were analysed. Results: Findings included significant interaction effects between group (immediate intervention or waiting condition) and time (pre‐ and post intervention) with regard to the metacognition general score and its domain of mastery, as well as with regard to negative, positive and cognitive symptoms. Discussion: Participating in MERIT seems to improve one's ability to use reflective knowledge to cope with psychological challenges and to improve, or at least maintain, level of symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings are discussed within the framework of agency as an important aspect of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Objective and subjective outcomes in the direct anterior approach (DAA) and posterior approach (PA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) were assessed in this study, using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) as primary outcome. Pain, 3 objective performance-based tests, surgical time, blood loss and length of stay were assessed as secondary outcomes. Methods: Patients with primary end-stage osteoarthritis were prospectively enrolled by shared decision making for the DAA (32 patients) or PA (26 patients). Baseline data were collected preoperatively and outcomes postoperatively at 2-, 6-, 9- and 12-month follow-up. Results: There is no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the DAA and PA on primary outcome (OHS). There was a main effect of time which indicated an increase of OHS over time independent of group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In the current study, no significant differences in postoperative functional outcome were found between DAA and PA in all follow-up moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study published in 2023 examined the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of conventionally recoverable oil, gas and condensate in 1175 of the Earth's largest reservoirs in relation to reservoir temperature and showed that 74% occurs within the 'Golden Zone' (GZ) temperature range of 60–120 ± 2°C, with only 6% at higher temperatures. This present article examines the temperature distribution of EUR in 18 geographical regions not covered earlier, including six with EUR distributions skewed towards low temperatures and three with distributions skewed towards high temperatures. A fuller explanation is provided here as to why diagenetic processes are thought to be the main causes of overpressure in deeply buried reservoirs, and a new model is proposed for how the opening of the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans led to the uplift of Arctic continental margins, with possible negative consequences for Arctic exploration potential. Particular attention is given to examples of large reservoirs at temperatures outside the GZ in order to examine the possible factors favouring these occurrences. Most low-temperature cases can be ascribed to tectonic uplift and cooling subsequent to petroleum accumulation, whereas most of the high-temperature reservoirs have low–moderate fluid pressure consistent with preservation of hydrocarbon columns due to open lateral drainage. It is clear that reservoir temperature is a useful parameter for exploration risk analysis but one that should be calibrated using available analogues relevant for each area of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) is a large genus of shrubs that dominate California chaparral and are resilient to fires. Persistence is ensured by resprouting and/or seedling recruitment from dormant seed banks. Some species do both and others, the obligate seeders, are entirely dependent on seedling recruitment. The distribution of these two modes within the genus is poorly documented. Methods: We used all available publications that document species responses to fire and filled most gaps in the literature based on extensive field studies of more than 60 recent wildfires in California. Results: The genus is divided into two subgenera, Ceanothus and Cerastes. Ceanothus is widely considered to comprise mostly resprouting species and Cerastes to consist of only obligate seeders. The subgenus Ceanothus includes resprouting species throughout their range from the eastern United States and Midwest to western United States. Within the California Floristic Province (CFP), a few species are unique in producing massive lignotubers that develop from repeated fires; however, within the CFP, the majority of species in this subgenus do not resprout and are obligate seeders. Two have disjunct subspecies that are facultative seeders or obligate seeders. Conclusions: Previously, speciation in this genus was contended to have occurred in the late Miocene within the CFP. The syndrome of obligate seeding is most strongly represented in this region, and we hypothesize that evolution of this syndrome was a response to increased predictability of fire driven by the Mediterranean climate and the long interval between fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiome has a well‐documented relationship with host fitness, physiology, and behavior. However, most of what is known comes from captive animals where diets and environments are more homogeneous or controlled. Studies in wild populations that experience dynamic environments and have natural life history variation are less common but are key to understanding the drivers of variation in the gut microbiome. Here we examine a wild population of yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), an obligate winter hibernator, to quantify multivariate associations between host‐associated factors (e.g., age, sex, environmental harshness, and social behavior) and gut microbial composition. Across 5 years and 143 individuals, we found that males had a higher relative abundance of microbes associated with mass gain and cellulose digestion, which suggests a metabolic investment in mass gain (such as phylum Firmicutes and family Lachnospiraceae). By contrast, females had higher relative abundances of microbes associated with inflammation and metabolism (from microbial groups such as Tenericutes and Ruminococcus), possibly reflecting the importance of lactation and offspring investment. Post hoc analyses of lactating females showed a negative relationship with the abundance of microbes associated with mass gain but a positive relationship with microbes associated with metabolic energy, suggesting a trade‐off between investment in pups and maternal mass gain. Older animals also had reduced Proteobacteria relative abundance, a phylum associated with reduced inflammation. Results demonstrate that sex and age‐based traits, not sociality or environmental harshness, are associated with microbe‐mediated metabolism and inflammation in a wild, hibernating mammal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal gut microbiomes are critical to host physiology and fitness. The gut microbiomes of fishes—the most abundant and diverse vertebrate clade—have received little attention relative to other clades. Coral reef fishes, in particular, make up a wide range of evolutionary histories and feeding ecologies that are likely associated with gut microbiome diversity. The repeated evolution of herbivory in fishes and mammals also allows us to examine microbiome similarity in relationship to diet across the entire vertebrate tree of life. Here, we generate a large coral reef fish gut microbiome dataset (n = 499 samples, 19 species) and combine it with a diverse aggregation of public microbiome data (n = 447) to show that host diet drives significant convergence between coral reef fish and mammalian gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that this similarity is largely driven by carnivory and herbivory and that herbivorous and carnivorous hosts exhibit distinct microbial compositions across fish and mammals. We also show that fish and mammal gut microbiomes share prominent microbial taxa, including Ruminoccocus spp. and Akkermansia spp., and predicted metabolic pathways. Despite the major evolutionary and ecological differences between fishes and mammals, our results reveal that their gut microbiomes undergo similar dietary selective pressures. Thus, diet, in addition to phylosymbiosis must be considered even when comparing the gut microbiomes of distantly related hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tack-on bonds are additional offerings, with the same terms of an existing bond series, where both pre- and post-offering market prices are observable. The prices of these bonds drop significantly on the announcement dates and do not fully recover to pre-offer levels, especially for bonds at the lower end of the investment-grade spectrum. We detect no adverse price effect for the firm's equity or other bonds, indicating that the permanent price drop is not attributable to unfavorable information about the offering firms. Our findings suggest that supply shocks affect pricing due to a downward sloping demand curve for individual bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate whether a commercial AI tool for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) detection on head CT exhibited sociodemographic biases. Methods: Our retrospective study reviewed 9736 consecutive, adult non-contrast head CT scans performed between November 2021 and February 2022 in a single healthcare system. Each CT scan was evaluated by a commercial ICH AI tool and a board-certified neuroradiologist; ground truth was defined as final radiologist determination of ICH presence/absence. After evaluating the AI tool's aggregate diagnostic performance, sub-analyses based on sociodemographic groups (age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, and Area of Deprivation Index [ADI] scores) assessed for biases. χ2 test or Fisher's exact tests evaluated for statistical significance with p ≤ 0.05. Results: Our patient population was 50% female (mean age 60 ± 19 years). The AI tool had an aggregate accuracy of 93% [9060/9736], sensitivity of 85% [1140/1338], specificity of 94% [7920/ 8398], positive predictive value (PPV) of 71% [1140/1618] and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% [7920/8118]. Sociodemographic biases were identified, including lower PPV for patients who were females (67.3% [62,441/656] vs. 72.7% [699/962], p = 0.02), Black (66.7% [454/681] vs. 73.2% [686/937], p = 0.005), non-Hispanic/non-Latino (69.7% [1038/1490] vs. 95.4% [417/437]), p = 0.009), and who had Medicaid/Medicare (69.9% [754/1078]) or Private (66.5% [228/343]) primary insurance (p = 0.003). Lower sensitivity was seen for patients in the third quartile of national (78.8% [241/306], p = 0.001) and state ADI scores (79.0% [22/287], p = 0.001). Conclusions: In our healthcare system, a commercial AI tool had lower performance for ICH detection than previously reported and demonstrated several sociodemographic biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]