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This paper introduces a biomimetic gradient hierarchical multicellular structure consisting of two tree-like fractal variants: one based on vertex connections (HCV) and the other based on wall connections (HCW). We investigate their mechanical behavior and deformation through numerical simulations. Our findings reveal that, irrespective of whether they have the same wall thickness or mass, second-order and third-order structures exhibit superior energy absorption capacity (EA) and crushing force efficiency (CFE) compared to first-order structures, resulting in significantly enhanced crashworthiness performance. In the case of HCV structures with identical wall thickness, the third-order structure outperforms the first-order structure by 79.73% in specific energy absorption (SEA) and by 38.51% in CFE. Similarly, for HCW structures, the third-order variant surpasses the first-order one by 45.57% in SEA and 28.39% in CFE. We also conduct a parametric study, exploring the influence of inner circle diameter, fractal coefficient, and fractal angle on the crashworthiness of biomimetic gradient hierarchical multicellular structures. We identify the optimal fractal coefficient and inner diameter distribution range for HCV when the fractal angle is 60 ∘ . Lastly, we compare these structures with traditional multicellular tubes, demonstrating that biomimetic gradient hierarchical multicellular tubes achieve up to 50.34% higher SEA and 55.13% higher CFE. The results of this study offer valuable design insights for developing lightweight and efficient energy-absorbing structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain Language Summary What is this summary about? This summary describes interim (not final) results of a clinical study called TORCHLIGHT. The study looked at the effect of a medicine called toripalimab when added to standard chemotherapy in women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that has come back after being treated ('recurrent TNBC') or has spread to other parts of the body ("metastatic TNBC"). Chemotherapy has been a cornerstone of treatment for recurrent and metastatic TNBC, although it has limited efficacy (ability to produce a desired or intended result). Recent evidence suggests that adding a certain type of immunotherapy (a medicine that boosts the ability of the body's immune system to kill cancer cells) may improve survival among women with recurrent or metastatic TNBC. Researchers wanted to see whether toripalimab added to standard chemotherapy was safe and effective for increasing the amount of time women with newly diagnosed recurrent or metastatic TNBC could live without their cancer getting worse (a measurement called 'progression-free survival'). Researchers looked at the safety and efficacy of adding toripalimab among all women with recurrent or metastatic TNBC included in the TORCHLIGHT study, and separately, among a particular subgroup whose breast tumors had a specific protein on their surface called programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1); these patients are referred to as having 'PD-L1-positive TNBC'. What are the key takeaways? Interim results from the TORCHLIGHT study showed that women with PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic TNBC treated with toripalimab plus standard chemotherapy had significantly longer progression-free survival than those who received standard chemotherapy alone. The treatment groups with and without toripalimab had similar rates of side effects (an effect of a medicine that is beyond its desired effect and can be harmful), which are tracked to assess safety. What were the main conclusions reported by the researchers? Researchers concluded that results of the TORCHLIGHT study showed that women with PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic TNBC treated with toripalimab and chemotherapy lived longer without their TNBC getting worse than women treated with chemotherapy alone, results which support the addition of toripalimab to chemotherapy in women with PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic TNBC. Who is this summary for? This summary is intended to provide information to women with recurrent or metastatic TNBC and their family members or caregivers. It may also be helpful for patient advocates and health care professionals. This is an abstract of the Plain Language Summary of Publication article. View the full Plain Language Summary PDF of this article to read the full-text [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The homeobox (HOX) genes especially for HOXA cluster play crucial roles in leukemogenesis. HOXA overexpression caused by genetic alterations, such as KMT2A rearrangements, NUP98- fusions and FLT3-ITD mutations, is frequently identified in AML. However, very few studies determined the DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation of the HOXA cluster genes in AML. Methods: We systematically first screened the prognostic value of HOXA cluster genes methylation in AML from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Afterwards, the candidate prognosis-related gene HOXA9 were selected for clinical relevance analysis and were further validated in another independent cohort from our research center. Results: The methylation of HOXA9, among HOXA cluster genes, negatively correlated with adverse prognosis and expression were screened and identified in AML among TCGA datasets. Clinically, HOXA9 hypomethylation was positively correlated with specific subtypes of AML, such as French-American-British (FAB)-M5/M7, normal karyotype and FLT3, NPM1 and DNMT3A mutation, whereas negatively associated with FAB-M3, t(15;17), t(8;21) and t(16;16). Importantly, AML patients with HOXA9 hypomethylation may profit from transplantation, whereas AML patients with HOXA9 hypermethylation could not, suggesting that HOXA9 methylation may be used to guide therapeutic selection between transplantation and chemotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated the association of HOXA9 expression with diverse leukemia-related genes (HOXAs, SOSTDC1, MEG3, miR-10a, miR-381 and miR-193b) and signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling) in AML. Subsequently, we further validate the hypomethylation pattern of HOXA9 in AML patients and the epigenetic regulation of HOXA9 methylation in AML cell-lines. Conclusions: HOXA9 methylation linked to HOXA9 expression correlates with diverse genetic abnormalities of AML, such as normal karyotype, t(15;17), t(8;21), t(16;16) and FLT3, NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations. Moreover, HOXA9 hypomethylation may be associated with adverse prognosis, and may guide treatment choice in AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C45H37Cl2F6IrN7P, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 23.518(5) Å, b = 11.702(2) Å, c = 15.426(3) Å, β = 101.44(3)°, V = 4161.0(15) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0474, wRref(F2) = 0.0924, T = 293 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of thes most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies for CRC have limitations, while nanomaterials show significant potential for diagnosing and treating CRC. This study utilizes bibliometric analysis to evaluate the current status and trends in this field. Methods: Research on nanomaterials in CRC from 2003 to 2024 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, RStudio, GraphPad Prism, and Excel were used to analyze trends and hotspots, covering publication trends, countries, institutions, authors, journals, co-citation analysis, and keywords. Visual maps were created to forecast future developments. Results: The analysis includes 3,683 publications by 17,261 authors from 3,721 institutions across 100 countries/regions, published in 840 journals. Global publications have steadily increased, particularly since 2018. China leads in publication volume and citations, with six of the top ten research institutions and seven of the ten most cited authors, while the United States excels in citation impact and academic centrality. Both countries currently dominate the field, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced international collaboration. Ramezani M and Abnous K lead in publication volume and H-index, while Siegel RL is highly cited. The International Journal of Nanomedicine has the highest publication volume, while the Journal of Controlled Release is the most cited. In addition to "colorectal cancer" and "nanoparticles," the most common keyword is "drug delivery." Emerging research areas such as "metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)" and "green synthesis" are gaining attention as leading hotspots. Conclusion: This study offers an in-depth analysis of the application of nanomaterials in CRC, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and advancing scientific progress in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adrenal Vein Sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for categorizing primary aldosteronism (PA). However, catheterization of the right adrenal vein (RAV) can be technically challenging. This study aimed to investigate the validity of the right renal vertebral contour as fluoroscopic landmarks to help RAV orifice localization during AVS. Methods: Imaging data of 310 PA patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into Normal, Overweight, and Obese group based on their body mass index (BMI). A novel Renal-Vertebral-Angle (R-V-A) model was employed to delineate the distribution of the RAV orifice. This model concerned a cruciate cross formed by the upper edge of the right renal and the right edge of vertebral contour under fluoroscopy. The area within a 2 cm×2 cm square in the left upper quadrant of this cross was defined as the R-V-A. The success rate of AVS was compared across different BMI groups, as well as the differences in the distribution of the RAV orifice within the R-V-A. Results: Successful RAV sampling was achieved in 270 cases, while the success rate of RAV sampling was found to be lower in the Obese group. The majority of the RAV orifices were located within the R-V-A region (249/270, 92.2%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of RAV orifices across the BMI groups (Normal vs. Overweight vs. Obese: 92.2% vs. 91.9% vs. 93.3%, p =0.968). In contrast to patients with successful RAV sampling, a significantly lower proportion of sampling site were found within the R-V-A in cases with mis-catheterized cases (92.2% vs. 55.6%, p <0.001). Conclusion: The R-V-A model could be utilized as an anatomical landmark for the RAV orifice localization on fluoroscopy, that might help to narrow down the exploration range for RAV catheterization, and might offer beneficial assistance in enhancing the success rate for AVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heavy metal exposure is an emerging environmental risk factor linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) through its effects on vascular ageing. However, the relationship between heavy metal exposure and vascular age have not been fully elucidated. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3,772 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2016. We measured urinary concentrations of nine heavy metals and assessed their associations with vascular age, estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and heart vascular age (HVA). Additionally, sex-stratified analyses, Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression were conducted to explore the effects of individual and mixed metal exposures. Results: Exposure to metals such as cadmium (Cd) cesium (Cs), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb) was significantly associated with increased vascular age, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.05 to 3.48 in full adjusted models. Sex-stratified analyses indicated that individual metal including cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) exposures had a more substantial impact on males. WQS analysis consistently showed combined heavy metals exposure had stronger associations with increased vascular age in men (OR for HVA = 3.89, 95% CI 2.91–5.28). Conclusions: This study highlights a significant association between heavy metal exposure and increased vascular age. Stratified analyses illustrated men might be more susceptible to the combined effects of multiple heavy metal exposure. The findings underscore the importance of considering sex-specific responses and interventions measures in cardiovascular risk assessments and managements. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to develop more precise public health strategies targeting environmental risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the combined spinous process-splitting approach with a Wiltse (SPSW) approach, the combined conventional approach with a Wiltse (CW) approach, and the conventional open (CO) approach in unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods: The clinical outcomes were assessed, and intraoperative data and complications were collected. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores for low back pain and leg pain, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) scores for evaluating functions of the lumbar spine and health-related quality of life, and the modified MacNab standard for assessing satisfaction were analyzed. Radiographic outcomes included disc space height, segmental lordosis, interbody fusion assessment, and the rate of muscle atrophy of the multifidus and the erector spinae muscles. Results: Among the three groups, the SPSW group exhibited the shortest operation and drain retention time, lowest intraoperative blood loss, and minimal postoperative blood loss. Notably, the SPSW group displayed the highest level of social life function based on the JOABPEQ, and the highest level of patient satisfaction according to the modified MacNab Criteria, along with the lowest rate of muscle atrophy. Conclusion: All the SPSW, CW, and CO approach TLIF procedures achieved overall satisfactory effects of decompression and fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases. The SPSW approach procedure appears to be associated with the smallest surgical trauma and highest satisfaction because of reducing iatrogenic injury of the paraspinal muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical belt sanding is critical in the manufacturing of bamboo and bamboo products, where surface roughness is commonly used to quantitatively evaluate the surface quality. In this study, flattened bamboo workpieces were sanded using P80 and P120 abrasive belts to create different surfaces. The linear roughness parameters, namely Rz, Ra, Rq, Rsk, Rku, and Rmr(c), were measured using both a stylus profilometer and a 3D profilometer. Statistical t-tests were conducted to determine the significance of differences between the two methods. Additionally, roughness profiles were analyzed in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) methods. A Random Forest (RF) regression model was also developed to predict the roughness values and figure out the dominant factors between granularity and measurement methods. The results revealed that both the stylus and 3D profilometers provided reliable comparisons of Rz, Ra, Rq, and Rmr (50%) for different grit sizes. However, resolution differences between the two methods were found to be critical for accurately interpreting roughness values. Variations in Rsk and Rku highlighted differences in sensitivity and detection range, particularly at finer scales, between the two methods. The stylus profilometer, with its higher spatial resolution and finer sampling density, demonstrated greater sensitivity to finer surface details. This was consistent with the FFT and PSD analyses, which showed that the stylus profilometer captured higher-frequency surface components more effectively. Furthermore, the RF model indicated that the choice of measurement method had negligible impact on the evaluation of the selected roughness parameters, suggesting that standardizing measurement techniques may not be essential for consistent roughness assessments of sanded bamboo surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide some references for vein approach selection in adrenal vein sampling (AVS), this retrospective study analyzed 325 cases of primary aldosteronism (PA) patients who underwent AVS via the upper extremity vein approach, comparing the differences in complications and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores through median cubital vein (MCV), basilic vein (BV), and cephalic vein (CV). The results indicated no significant difference in the incidence of venous spasm (right MCV vs. right BV vs. left MCV vs. left BV: 4.2 vs. 5.9 vs. 5.3 vs. 0.0%, p>0.05) and VAS scores between AVS performed using the MCV and the BV. However, the right CV access was associated with a relatively higher incidence of venous spasm (right CV: 20% vs. right MCV: 4.2%, p<0.05) and higher rate of thrombosis formation (right CV: 5.7% vs. right MCV: 0.0%, p<0.05) than right MCV, accompanied by more severe pain. The study suggests that bilateral MCV and BV are both viable options vein access for AVS. When neither the MCV nor the BV on one side is accessible, it may be more prudent to opt for the MCV or BV on the contralateral side rather than the CV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by tree fractals, a novel square gradient hierarchical multicellular tube (SGHMT) is proposed, and a finite element (FE) model of the structure is constructed using Abaqus/Explicit. The accuracy of the FE numerical model was verified using experiments, and the energy absorption characteristics of the structure under axial impact were analyzed. The results show that the high-level SGHMTs have higher energy absorption capacity and impact force efficiency (CFE) compared with the low-level SGHMTs for both the same wall thickness and the same mass, and crashworthiness is greatly improved. The energy absorption (EA) and CFE of SGHMT-3 are 11.39 and 4.47 times higher than those of SGHMT-0 under the same wall thickness condition, respectively. The EA and CFE of SGHMT-3 are 2.15 and 2.28 times higher than those of SGHMT-0, respectively, under the same mass condition. On this basis, further geometrical parameter analysis was carried out, and it was found that the structural parameters (wall thickness, hierarchy, and shape scale factor γ 1 , γ 2 ) had a significant effect on the crashworthiness of the square gradient hierarchical multicellular tubes. Finally, a comparative study with other multicellular tubes was carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed square gradient hierarchical multicellular tubes compared with other multicellular tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in children and adolescent patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial was performed. Patients aged 6–17 years, diagnosed with ITP and resistant or relapsed to corticosteroid treatment were included. For the trial, part 1 was exploratory and part 2 was the main analysis, with part 1 determining whether part 2 was stratified by age. Patients in part 1 were treated with rhTPO (the 6‐ to 11‐/12‐ to 17‐year‐old groups; 1:1). Patients in part 2 were randomized (3:1) to receive either rhTPO treatment or placebo. Patients received rhTPO or placebo at a dose of 300 U/kg once daily for up to 14 days. A total of 68 patients were included [part 1 (12 patients), part 2 (56 patients)]. The total response rate (TRR) in part 1 was 50.0% (95% CI: 21.09%–78.91%). For part 2, the TRR was 58.5% (95% CI: 42.11%–73.68%) and 13.3% (95% CI: 1.66%–40.46%) in the rhTPO and placebo groups (FAS) respectively. The difference in TRR between the rhTPO group and placebo group was 45.2% (95% CI: 22.33%–68.08%) and 44.6% (95% CI: 21.27%–67.85%) on the FAS and per‐protocol set (PPS), respectively, which indicates the superiority of rhTPO treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in children and adolescent patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial was performed. Patients aged 6–17 years, diagnosed with ITP and resistant or relapsed to corticosteroid treatment were included. For the trial, part 1 was exploratory and part 2 was the main analysis, with part 1 determining whether part 2 was stratified by age. Patients in part 1 were treated with rhTPO (the 6‐ to 11‐/12‐ to 17‐year‐old groups; 1:1). Patients in part 2 were randomized (3:1) to receive either rhTPO treatment or placebo. Patients received rhTPO or placebo at a dose of 300 U/kg once daily for up to 14 days. A total of 68 patients were included [part 1 (12 patients), part 2 (56 patients)]. The total response rate (TRR) in part 1 was 50.0% (95% CI: 21.09%–78.91%). For part 2, the TRR was 58.5% (95% CI: 42.11%–73.68%) and 13.3% (95% CI: 1.66%–40.46%) in the rhTPO and placebo groups (FAS) respectively. The difference in TRR between the rhTPO group and placebo group was 45.2% (95% CI: 22.33%–68.08%) and 44.6% (95% CI: 21.27%–67.85%) on the FAS and per‐protocol set (PPS), respectively, which indicates the superiority of rhTPO treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In manufacturing bamboo products, sanding is an important method to make surface modification. In this study, mechanical sanding experiments were carried out to investigate the resultant surface creation and wettability. Electrostatic sand-planting abrasive belts with meshes of P60, P80, P120 were selected as abrasive tools. Dimensional bamboo strips were used to prepare workpieces with wax layer and pith film completely removed. Here, we carefully considered structural characteristics of bamboo, including internode and node areas at bamboo skin (BS) and pith ring (BP) sides. Dynamic contact angles were measured to evaluate surface wettability. In contrast with the unsanded surfaces, contact angles of sanded bamboo surfaces significantly declined at the end moment of 12s. Interestingly, node areas at BS and BP sides basically exhibited lower contact angles after sanding than internode areas. Surface morphology is a key component of surface creation, the impact of which on the wettability was studied. Specifically, mechanical sanding caused noticeable plowed ridges and much micro-fibrillation, leaving anatomical cavities like fractured vessels and pits exposed. Surface roughness was measured by a non-contact 3D profilometer with parameters of Sa, Ssk, Sku, Str, Sdr, Spc. The quantitative analysis presented that the Sa and Sdr values of sanded surfaces can be sorted as P60 > P80 > P120. Importantly, the results indicate that a rougher bamboo surface with greater Sa does not definitely result in better wettability. Detailed information on surface creation should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting soil–water dynamics in Moistube irrigation (ΜΤΙ) favours understanding ΜΤΙ functioning mechanisms and technical parameter design. This study proposed a physically based infiltration (PH) model extending the Green–Ampt (GA) model to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system. We treated Moistube as a clay and considered the infiltration from internal Moistube to surrounding soils. The performances of the PH model, together with a semi-physical–empirical (PH–EM) model and a numerical simulation (NUM) model, were evaluated based on regulated working pressure head (WPH) experiments. A HYDRUS 2D model was used based on experimental design to reproduce the soil–water dynamics by assigning Moistube and soil two sets of hydraulic parameters. WPH increase or decrease treatments were applied to Moistube. The Moistube discharge rate, infiltration volume, and wetting front (WF) advance were analyzed and predicted by three models. The results showed that cumulative infiltration, Moistube discharge, and effective saturation around Moistube were enhanced or abated under WPH increase or decrease, with WF accelerating or decelerating. The modelled effective saturation varied between 0.45 and 0.70, providing suitable moist conditions for crops. Percentage of bias (PBIAS) and mean absolute percentage relative error (MAPRE) were employed to evaluate model performances. Three models well-predicted infiltration characteristics and WF advance but differed in accuracy. The PH model overestimated and underestimated the Moistube discharge rate in early and later phases. The prediction accuracy in WF varied across infiltration phases and WPH modes. The PH–EM model yielded accurate results due to its empirical attribute. The NUM model produced novel phenomena of infiltration characteristics at WPH adjustment points, i.e., the discharge rate exponentially decreased over time after the WPH increased but presented restraining followed by rebounding trends after the WPH decreased. The NUM model strongly depended on the selection of the Moistube hydraulic parameters. Extending the GA model to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system by treating Moistube as a clay was practicable in modelling soil water dynamics, thereby contributing to designing and optimizing MTI technical indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elderly patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we retrospectively described the clinical features and outcomes of the first time infection of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 in 364 elderly patients with lymphoma enrolled in Jiangsu Cooperative Lymphoma Group (JCLG) between November 2022 and April 2023 in China. Median age was 69 years (range 60–92). 54.4% (198/364) of patients were confirmed as severe and critical COVID-19 infection. In univariable analysis, Age > 70 years (OR 1.88, p = 0.003), with multiple comorbidities (OR 1.41, p = 0.005), aggressive lymphoma (OR 2.33, p < 0.001), active disease (progressive or relapsed/refractory, OR 2.02, p < 0.001), and active anti-lymphoma therapy (OR 1.90, p < 0.001) were associated with severe COVID-19. Multiple (three or more) lines of previous anti-lymphoma therapy (OR 3.84, p = 0.021) remained an adverse factor for severe COVID-19 in multivariable analysis. Moreover, CD20 antibody (Rituximab or Obinutuzumab)-based treatments within the last 6 months was associated with severe COVID-19 in the entire cohort (OR 3.42, p < 0.001). Continuous BTK inhibitors might be protective effect on the outcome of COVID-19 infection (OR 0.44, p = 0.043) in the indolent lymphoma cohort. Overall, 7.7% (28/364) of the patients ceased, multiple lines of previous anti-lymphoma therapy (OR 3.46, p = 0.016) remained an adverse factor for mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the multi-objective nature and inherent uncertainty in evaluating ore pillar mining schemes, the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method were applied to determine factor weights. A new combined weighting method was proposed to obtain more objective and accurate results. Seven quantitative and four qualitative indicators were selected based on various mining performance factors and grading standards. A combined weighting–uncertainty measurement theory evaluation model was then constructed, integrating weight values and confidence levels from the recognition criteria. This model was applied to evaluate three proposed schemes, determining their relative merits and ranking. The evaluation demonstrated that the combined weighting–uncertainty measurement model outperformed both the fuzzy theory and the TOPSIS method in delivering comprehensive, objective, and reliable results for assessing ore pillar mining schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the rapid development of renewable energy, the intermittency and instability of energy supply pose severe challenges and impose higher requirements on energy storage systems. Among the various energy storage technologies, the coupled approach of power-to-hydrogen (H2) and underground H2 storage (UHS) offers advantages such as extended storage duration and large-scale capacity, making it highly promising for future development. However, during UHS, particularly in porous media, microbial metabolic processes such as methanogenesis, acetogenesis, and sulfate reduction may lead to H2 consumption and the production of byproducts. These microbial activities can impact the efficiency and safety of UHS both positively and negatively. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of experimental, numerical, and field studies on microbial interactions in UHS within porous media, aiming to capture research progress and elucidate microbial effects. It begins by outlining the primary types of UHS and the key microbial metabolic processes involved. Subsequently, the paper introduces the experimental approaches for investigating gasewatererockemicrobe interactions and interfacial properties, the models and simulators used in numerical studies, and the procedures implemented in field trials. Furthermore, it analyzes and discusses microbial interactions and their positive and negative impacts on UHS in porous media, focusing on aspects such as H2 consumption, H2 flow, and storage safety. Based on these insights, recommendations for site selection, engineering operations, and on-site monitoring of UHS, as well as potential future research directions, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the continuous development of minimally invasive thoracic surgery, thoracoscopic thymectomy has become a routine operation. This method, now widely recognized, better protects lung function, reduces intraoperative blood loss and pain, and shortens postoperative hospital stay. We now introduce a standardized right thoracic incision for thoracoscopic thymic tumor resection, which has achieved favorable clinical outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study involves 63 patients who underwent standardized right thoracic incision for thoracoscopic thymic tumor resection from October 2022 to January 2024. We analyzed the relevant clinical data, including postoperative pathological diagnosis, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, chest tube drainage duration, postoperative hospital stay, and follow-up data. Results: All 63 patients underwent thoracoscopic surgery. Thoracoscopic surgery excised thymic tumors and mediastinal fat in 62 cases, while 1 case of thymic carcinoma underwent thoracoscopic biopsy due to invasion of the superior vena cava and innominate vein. Postoperative pathological diagnosis revealed thymoma in 35 cases (33 cases of thymoma and 2 cases of thymic adenocarcinoma). R0 resection was achieved in 33 cases and R1 resection in 1 case. Additionally, 2 patients diagnosed with thymic adenocarcinoma were advised to undergo postoperative radiotherapy. Postoperative pathological diagnosis of the other 28 cases showed thymus hyperplasia in 13 cases and thymus cysts in 15 cases. The mean operation time was 57.3 ± 14.2 min, and intraoperative blood loss was 22.5 ± 14.7 ml. The mean chest tube drainage duration was 2.7 ± 1.3 days, and the postoperative hospital stay was 3.7 ± 1.4 days. No secondary operations were required, and no severe complications or mortality were observed during the perioperative period. All patients were discharged smoothly after surgery. Ten patients were not followed up due to recent surgery. The remaining 53 patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, with no recurrence or distant metastasis observed. Conclusion: The standardized right thoracic incision for thoracoscopic thymic tumor resection simplifies the procedure of thymectomy. The operation's risk points are relatively fixed, making it safe and feasible. It is easy for the operator to master, and the thymic tumor resection rate is high. It possesses characteristics of being minimally invasive, enabling rapid recovery, having fewer complications, and requiring simple perioperative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins, are implicated in a variety of biological processes, including growth and development. Despite research into the role of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle development, the regulatory mechanisms governing ovine skeletal muscle development remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle from 90-day-old embryos (F90), 1-month-old lambs (L30), and 3-year-old adult sheep (A3Y) using RNA sequencing. In total, 4 738 lncRNAs were identified, including 997 that were differentially expressed. Short-time series expression miner analysis identified eight significant expression profiles and a subset of lncRNAs potentially involved in muscle development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the predicted target genes of these lncRNAs were primarily enriched in pathways associated with muscle development, such as the cAMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Notably, the expression of lncRNA GTL2 was found to decrease during muscle development. Moreover, GTL2 was highly expressed during the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) and was shown to modulate ovine myogenesis by affecting the phosphorylation levels of PKA and CREB. Additionally, GTL2 was found to regulate both the proliferation and differentiation of SCs via the PKACREB signaling pathway. Overall, this study provides a valuable resource and offers novel insights into the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in ovine skeletal muscle growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in China, and with the extensive development of conversion therapy, the treatment of advanced unresectable gastric cancer (AUGC) patients has ushered in a new dawn. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of conversion therapy in AUGC patients and explored the relevant factors affecting the efficacy. Method: We collected information from GC patients who received conversion therapy from this center and designed a retrospective study. Results: We collected relevant clinical data from 160 patients with AUGC. A total of 120 patients who underwent routine R0 resection were identified as conversion cases. A total of 25 patients (15.6%) achieved pCR, 92 patients (57.5%) achieved objective response rate (ORR), 140 patients (87.5%) achieved disease control rate (DCR), and 20 cases (12.5%) observed tumor progression. There were 86 patients who achieved pathological downgrading, with a total downgrading rate of 53.8%. Among the 160 patients, 37 patients (23.1%) had postoperative complications of varying degrees. A total of 72 patients (45.0%) had tumor recurrence/progression at the end of follow-up. The last chemotherapy and surgery (CST) (OR = 1.046, 95% CI 1.013–1.081, p = 0.006), tumor invasion (OR = 32.096, 95% CI 5.091–202.349, p < 0.001), and distant metastasis (OR = 7.050, 95% CI 1.888–26.323, p = 0.004) were independent factors influencing the efficacy of conversion therapy. Conclusion: Conversion therapy may have a good therapeutic efficacy for AUGC, and some clinical factors affect the efficacy response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It was reported that more than 96% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children are accompanied with different degrees of sensory processing abnormalities, and up to 50% of ASD children exhibit abnormal auditory response. Studies have confirmed that some ASD children’s abnormal auditory response may be related to their abnormal auditory processing. Prior research demonstrated that ASD children’s auditory processing has high heterogeneity, thus, ASD children’s auditory processing may have different developmental trajectories. However, no study has concentrated on the developmental trajectories of ASD children’s auditory processing. In addition, auditory processing plays a crucial role in ASD children’s language development, thus, ASD children’s different language development outcomes may be related to different auditory processing development tracks. Therefore, this study aims to explore the developmental trajectory of auditory processing in ASD children and analyze the relationship between different developmental trajectories of auditory processing and language impairment. Methods/Design: In this study, 220 ASD children aging 3 years and 0 months to 4 years and 11 months are recruited as the research objects, and their demographic characteristics are collected. The subjects are tested for peripheral hearing, intelligence, and autism symptoms. Furthermore, ASD children’s auditory processing and language development are evaluated at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years later. In addition, ASD children’s auditory processing is evaluated by electrophysiological test and the Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale. Moreover, ASD children’s language skills are assessed using the Language Development Assessment Scale for Children Aged 1–6. The various categories of the developmental trajectory of ASD children’s auditory processing are examined through the latent category growth model. Additionally, a hierarchical regression model is developed to analyze the predictive impact of different auditory processing development trajectories on language impairment in ASD children. Discussion: This longitudinal study will explore the categories of auditory processing developmental trajectories in ASD children, and analyze the relationship between different categories of auditory processing developmental trajectories and language development, providing new ideas and targeted targets for the rehabilitation training of language impairment in ASD children, as well as promoting early and accurate interventions for ASD children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 highlight the need for countermeasures to prevent future coronavirus pandemics. Given the unpredictable nature of spillover events, preparing antibodies with broad coronavirus-neutralizing activity is an ideal proactive strategy. Here, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination could provide cross-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against zoonotic sarbecoviruses. We evaluated the cross-neutralizing profiles of plasma and monoclonal antibodies constructed from B cells from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents and vaccine recipients; against sarbecoviruses originating from bats, civets, and pangolins; and against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. We found that the majority of individuals with natural infection and vaccination elicited broad nAb responses to most tested sarbecoviruses, particularly to clade 1b viruses, but exhibited very low cross-neutralization to SARS-CoV-1 in both natural infection and vaccination, and vaccination boosters significantly augmented the magnitude and breadth of nAbs to sarbecoviruses. Of the nAbs, several exhibited neutralization activity against multiple sarbecoviruses by targeting the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and competing with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding. SCM12-61 demonstrated exceptional potency, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.001–0.091 μg/mL against tested sarbecoviruses; while VSM9-12 exhibited remarkable cross-neutralizing breadth against sarbecoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, highlighting the potential of these two nAbs in combating sarbecoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Collectively, our findings suggest that vaccination with an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in combination with broad nAbs against sarbecoviruses, may provide a countermeasure for preventing further sarbecovirus outbreaks in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Methylation-related signatures play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, their roles in the immune response in primary glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed the differential expression of specific members of T cell exhaustion-related pathways in GBM from the perspective of T cell exhaustion. We further screened for significantly negatively correlated methylation sites as candidate methylation markers for T cell exhaustion. Using consensus clustering, we divided the samples into two categories with significant differences in overall survival (OS). We then performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to construct the T Cell Exhaustion Methylation (TEXM) signature. Finally, we confirmed that this signature served as an independent prognostic factor, and further characterized it in terms of drug resistance and immunotherapy. Results: We identified 95 significantly differentially expressed T cell exhaustion-related genes and 51 methylation markers associated with T cell exhaustion. The cancer samples were classified according to methylation site markers, thus indicating two subtypes with significant differences in OS: subtype A and subtype B. Tumor scores, stromal scores, tumor purity, and ESTIMATE scores all showed significant differences between subtypes (P < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis identified five methylation sites significantly associated with OS, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the TEXM signature model by using these five methylation sites. Significant differences in OS were found between the groups with high and low TEXM signature scores, on the basis of calculation of the TEXM signature scores of tumor samples and using the median score to divide them into high and low score groups. Survival analysis revealed that the high score group had poorer OS and DFS than the low score group in the validation set. Notably, we observed a significant difference in drug sensitivity between the high and low TEXM signature score groups, with the high score group showing higher drug resistance and poorer prognosis. The tumor immune state, as predicted with Tracking Tumor Immunophenotype (TIP), revealed significant differences in antitumor immune scores between the high and low TEXM signature score groups. Finally, we identified 43 significantly differentially regulated metabolism-associated biological processes. Conclusion: The epigenetic methylation-related TEXM signature plays a key role in driving differential immune responses in GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of reduced fluorescence intensity caused by aggregation of carbon dots (CDs) in solution, this study successfully optimized the synthesis conditions for amination-modified carbon dots (N-CDs) by adjusting factors such as nitrogen source, reaction temperature, and time, making the fluorescence stable and easy combination with natural polymers. Additionally, the semi-dissolution acidification sol–gel transition (SD-A-SGT) method was used to prepare the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) composite hydrogels, achieving a high content of CDs with a straightforward process. Fluorescence properties, chemical composition, and morphological characteristics of CD fluorescent hydrogels were analyzed. The results showed that the fluorescent hydrogels revealed distinct absorption bands in the FT-IR spectra (1601 cm−1, 1395 cm−1, and 1632 cm−1), indicating the formation of intermolecular complexes. CS and CMC in N-CDs/CMC/CS composite hydrogels formed intermolecular complexes through strong electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between NH3+ and COO− groups, exhibiting an interconnected porous network structure that provided space for the uniform dispersion of N-CDs. Compared to the aqueous N-CDs solution, the fluorescence curve of the N-CDs/CMC composite was slightly enhanced (1.82%) and broadened, and N-CDs achieved ideal immobilization at high content in the gel system without quenching. This work develops an environmentally friendly composite hydrogel with strong fluorescence, holding promising applications in metal detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delved into the spatiotemporal evolution and impact mechanisms of areca palm (Areca catechu L.) plantations in China. Using Landsat and Google Earth imagery combined with machine learning, the geographical distribution of areca palm was mapped at a 30 m resolution from 1987 to 2022, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 0.67 in 2022. The plantation area rapidly expanded from 8064 hectares in 1987 to 193,328 hectares in 2022. Spatially, there was a pronounced trend of overall agglomeration in areca palm plantations, primarily displaying two distribution patterns: high-value aggregation and low-value aggregation. Moreover, the plantation area exhibited a significant positive correlation with both GDP (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and total population (r = 0.92, p < 0.01), while negatively correlating with rural population (r = −0.76, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed with environmental factors. This study elucidated the patterns and trends concerning economic development across regions and the impact of monoculture on Hainan Island's ecological environment. Comprehensive, large-scale, long-term mapping of areca palms will enhance our understanding of global agriculture's sustainability challenges and inform policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review has systematically assessed the critical technologies of impurity removal fans in segmental sugarcane harvesters, highlighting their impact on minimizing harvester impurity rates. The analysis was conducted from three perspectives: Firstly, the physical properties of flexible sheet-like materials were thoroughly examined, including the methodologies for material parameter measurement, the utilization of technical approaches, and the constraints of existing methods. Secondly, the operational mechanisms of impurity removal fans were elucidated, encompassing their working principles, research subjects, and technical methodologies, and compared with the mechanisms of analogous fluid machinery. Lastly, a review of the structural design and parameters of impurity removal fans was undertaken, analyzing the interplay between operational modes, structural optimization designs, and aerodynamic characteristics. The review identified key issues in the design and performance of impurity removal fans and recognized the challenges in technological advancement. Through this triadic analytical framework, the review has identified salient design and performance deficiencies within existing impurity expulsion fan technologies and has underscored the formidable challenges confronting technological evolution in this domain. Synthesizing these insights, the review proffered prospective research vectors and avant-garde technological interventions poised to augment the operational efficacy of impurity expulsion fans, with the overarching goal of enhancing the operational proficiency of sugarcane harvesting machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), encoded by the phospholipase A2 group VII (Pla2g7) gene, has been pertinent to inflammatory responses. This study investigates the correlation between Lp-PLA2 and inflammatory injury in septic mice and explores its regulatory mechanism. Lp-PLA2 was found to be upregulated in the serum of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture and in the culture supernatant of RAW264.7 cells following lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate treatments. The contents of Lp-PLA2 were positively correlated with increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with sepsis. Both animal and cellular models showed increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Spi-1 proto-oncogene (Spi1), highly expressed in these models, was found to activate Pla2g7 transcription. Knockdown of Pla2g7 or Spi1 reduced the proinflammatory cytokine production, mitigated organ damage in mice, and suppressed macrophage migration in vitro. Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (Rbbp6), poorly expressed in both models, was found to reduce Spi1 protein stability through ubiquitination modification. Rbbp6 overexpression similarly suppressed inflammatory activation of RAW264.7 cells, which was counteracted by Pla2g7 or Spi1 upregulation. In summary, this study demonstrates that the Pla2g7 loss and Spi1 upregulation participate in inflammatory responses in sepsis by elevating the Lp-PLA2 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many disadvantages such as small detection range and environmental restrictions on application conditions, when the single quantum dot powder or solution is used for fluorescent probe detection. In this paper, the blue fluorescent silicon quantum dots and green fluorescent carbon quantum dots were prepared, and their fluorescence color changes after mixing in different proportions were investigated under different pH conditions. When the two quantum dots were mixed with a concentration of 0.1 mg·mL−1 and a mass ratio of 1:1, the fluorescence color change could be better displayed at a pH from 1 to 14. Meanwhile, the double quantum dots were prepared into two forms (ink and film), successfully realizing the device application of the fluorescent probe. The films and inkjet-printed labels were used to test the spoilage of food (pork, milk, etc.), and the color change data of the labels were collected during the spoilage test. These data were used for neural network training to predict the spoilage changes of foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrivoltaic agrotunnels are currently designed for high-density grow walls that are not amenable to bush berries or root crops. Commercial grow bins provide deeper substrates for produce with more root systems but have high costs per unit growing area. To overcome the economic limitations of grow bins, this study applies the distributed manufacturing open-source design paradigm to develop four designs for low-cost open-source structures. The designs target root vegetables and bush fruit specifically to be adopted by remote communities with limited or no outdoor growing environment to offset the market price for imported fresh produce. The indoor growing designs provide the necessary structure for supporting grow lights and grow bins and enable the transplanted berry plants to flower and produce fruits. They provide a comparable amount (110 L) or more of grow volume from 106 to 192 L. The water reservoir volume for the commercial system (62 L) and grow area (0.5 m3) is surpassed by all new designs that range from 64 to 192 L and 0.51 to 0.76 m3, respectively. These superior properties are possible with material costs for all four designs that save more than 90% of the economic cost of the commercial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 220 GHz GaN‐based monolithic integrated frequency doubler with high continuous‐wave output power has been developed. The doubler achieves improved heat dissipation by establishing the terahertz (THz) monolithic integrated circuit topology with GaN Schottky barrier diodes integrated on a high thermal conductivity SiC substrate. It features six anodes to enhance the power‐handling capabilities. A refractory Schottky metal stack is adopted for better thermal stability. The doubler realizes satisfactory performance by introducing the suspended microstrip and an all‐in‐one output structure. For verification, a prototype of the proposed frequency doubler was fabricated and tested. Measured results show that the proposed doubler produces a continuous‐wave output power of 255 mW at 220 GHz with an efficiency of 14.6%, exhibiting excellent potential for powerful THz sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This randomized, parallel-controlled, double-blinded, phase III equivalence study evaluated the equivalence of a proposed pertuzumab biosimilar QL1209 to the pertuzumab (Perjeta®) each with trastuzumab and docetaxel in neoadjuvant treatment of early or locally advanced breast cancer patients with HER2-positive, ER/PR-negative. Methods: Eligible patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive 4 cycles of neoadjuvant QL1209 or pertuzumab each with trastuzumab and docetaxel, and adjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was total pathologic complete response (tpCR), with equivalence margins of 0.76 to 1.32. Results: Among the 585 patients enrolled, 257 and 259 patients were assigned to the QL1209 and pertuzumab groups, respectively. The tpCR rates were comparable in the QL1209 (109/255, 42.75%; 90% CI 37.65 to 47.84) and pertuzumab (117/259, 45.17%; 90% CI 40.09 to 50.26) groups. The tpCR risk ratio was 0.95 (90% CI, 0.80 to 1.11), and the 90% CI fell within the predefined equivalence margin. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse event was decreased neutrophil count (10. 9% vs. 12.7%) in the QL1209 and pertuzumab groups. Conclusions: QL1209 demonstrated equivalent efficacy and comparable safety profile to the reference pertuzumab in neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive, ER/PR-negative, early, or locally advanced breast cancer. Trial registration: Chinadrugtrials.org CTR20201073; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04629846. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic antibodies play an important role in the public healthcare system to treat patients with a variety of diseases. Protein characterization using an array of analytical tools provides in-depth information for drug quality, safety, efficacy, and the further understanding of the molecule. A therapeutic antibody candidate MAB1 exhibits unique binding properties to both cation and anion exchange columns at neutral pH. This uniqueness disrupts standard purification processes and necessitates adjustments in manufacturing. This study identifies that the charge heterogeneity of MAB1 is primarily due to the N-terminal cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamine and, to a lesser extent, succinimide intermediate, deamidation, and C-terminal lysine. Using three approaches, i.e., deferential chemical labeling, H/D exchange, and molecular modeling, the binding to anion exchange resins is attributed to negatively charged patches on the antibody's surface, involving specific carboxylic acid residues. The methodologies shown here can be extended to study protein binding orientation in column chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no definitive approach for assessing mesenteric ischemia and determining the optimal timing for endovascular intervention in the management of spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SISMAD). A 56-year-old male with acute abdominal pain was diagnosed with SISMAD. After evaluating mesenteric ischemia through mesenteric fractional flow reserve (FFR), FFR was 0.72, and the patient was recommended conservative treatment for SISMAD, which involves fasting, total parenteral nutrition, and anticoagulation. The patient's syndrome was relieved after conservative treatment for 14 days without stent implantation. Over the next 5 years, no recurrence of abdominal pain or worsening of SISMAD was observed in the patient. Assessing the severity of mesenteric ischemia can be done through mesenteric FFR. Upon confirmation of the exclusion of risks related to dilatation or rupture of SISMAD aneurysm, an approach in favor of conservative management for SISMAD may indeed be considered pragmatic when the FFR exceeds 0.72. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The rapid and accurate detection of moisture content is important to ensure maize quality. However, existing technologies for rapidly detecting moisture content often suffer from the use of costly equipment, stringent environmental requirements, or limited accuracy. This study proposes a simple and effective method for detecting the moisture content of single maize kernels based on viscoelastic properties. RESULTS: Two types of viscoelastic experiments were conducted involving three different parameters: relaxation tests (initial loads: 60, 80, 100 N) and frequency‐sweep tests (frequencies: 0.6, 0.8, 1 Hz). These experiments generated corresponding force‐time graphs and viscoelastic parameters were extracted based on the four‐element Maxwell model. Then, viscoelastic parameters and data of force‐time graphs were employed as input variables to explore the relationships with moisture content separately. The impact of different preprocessing methods and feature time variables on model accuracy was explored based on force‐time graphs. The results indicate that models utilizing the force‐time data were more accurate than those utilizing viscoelastic parameters. The best model was established by partial least squares regression based on S‐G smoothing data from relaxation tests conducted with initial force of 100 N. The correlation coefficient and the root mean square error of the calibration set were 0.954 and 0.021, respectively. The corresponding values of the prediction set were 0.905 and 0.029, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the potential for accurate and fast detection of moisture content in single maize kernels using viscoelastic properties, which provides a novel approach for the detection of various components in cereals. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: This study developed a method for the rapid classification and identification of the chemical composition of Qingyan dropping pills (QDP) to provide the theoretical basis and data foundation for further in‐depth research on the pharmacological substance basis of the formula and the selection of quality control indexes. Methods: Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) and data postprocessing technology were used to analyze the chemical composition of QDP. The fragmentation information on possible characteristic fragments and related neutral losses was summarized based on the literature and was compared with the MS data obtained from the assay, and thus a rapid classification and identification of chemical components in QDP could be achieved. Results: A total of 73 compounds were identified, namely 24 flavonoids, 14 terpenoids, 30 organic acids and their esters, 3 alkaloids, and 2 phenylpropanoids. Conclusions: In this study, UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and data postprocessing technology were used to realize the rapid classification and identification of the chemical constituents of QDP, which provided a comprehensive, efficient, and fast qualitative analysis method, a basis for further quality control and safe medication of QDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To clarify the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted imaging in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) through a meta-analysis. Methods: Relevant literature on AI for early DDH diagnosis was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases until April 4, 2024. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Revman5.4 and StataSE-64 software were used to calculate the combined sensitivity, specificity, AUC value, and DOC value of AI-assisted imaging for DDH diagnosis. Results: The meta-analysis included 13 studies (6 prospective and 7 retrospective) with 28 AI models and a total of 10,673 samples. The summary sensitivity, specificity, AUC value, and DOC value were 99.0% (95% CI: 97.0-100.0%), 94.0% (95% CI: 89.0–96.0%), 99.0% (95% CI: 98.0-100.0%), and 1342 (95% CI: 469–3842), respectively. Conclusion: AI-assisted imaging demonstrates high diagnostic efficacy for DDH detection, improving the accuracy of early DDH imaging examination. More prospective studies are needed to further confirm the value of AI-assisted imaging for early DDH diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nipah virus infection, one of the top priority diseases recognized by the World Health Organization, underscores the urgent need to develop effective countermeasures against potential epidemics and pandemics. Here, we identify a fully human single-domain antibody that targets a highly conserved cryptic epitope situated at the dimeric interface of the Nipah virus G protein (receptor binding protein, RBP), as elucidated through structures by high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). This unique binding mode disrupts the tetramerization of the G protein, consequently obstructing the activation of the F protein and inhibiting viral membrane fusion. Furthermore, our investigations reveal that this compact antibody displays enhanced permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrates superior efficacy in eliminating pseudovirus within the brain in a murine model of Nipah virus infection, particularly compared to the well-characterized antibody m102.4 in an IgG1 format. Consequently, this single-domain antibody holds promise as a therapeutic candidate to prevent Nipah virus infections and has potential implications for vaccine development. The fully human single-domain antibody n425 aginst NiV targets a conserved cryptic epitope on G protein and inhibits membrane fusion by disrupting tetramerization. These insights advance neutralization mechanisms and effective countermeasure design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) is a common Chinese herbal medicine with a long history. It is often used to treat exogenous wind‐cold diseases in clinic, but its chemical compositions remain to be studied. In this study, CR was extracted with 75% ethanol, and UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS combined with data post‐processing method was used to identify the chemical components in the extract. Through this technology, the components in CR can be separated and accurately identified. A total of 61 compounds were identified, including 14 simple phenylpropanoids, 3 coumarins, 5 lignans, 14 flavonoids, 10 benzoic acids, 8 organic acids, and 7 others. This study confirmed the existence of these compounds in CR and speculated the cleavage pathways of each compound, which enriched the mass spectrometry data and cleavage rules. This study can provide a reference for CR and other research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrahepatic accumulation dominates organ distribution for most nanomedicines. However, obscure intrahepatic fate largely hampers regulation on their in vivo performance. Herein, PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin is exploited to clarify the intrahepatic fate of both liposomes and the payload in male mice. Kupffer cells initiate and dominate intrahepatic capture of liposomal doxorubicin, following to deliver released doxorubicin to hepatocytes with zonated distribution along the lobule porto-central axis. Increasing Kupffer cells capture promotes doxorubicin accumulation in hepatocytes, revealing the Kupffer cells capture-payload release-hepatocytes accumulation scheme. In contrast, free doxorubicin is overlooked by Kupffer cells, instead quickly distributing into hepatocytes by directly crossing fenestrated liver sinusoid endothelium. Compared to free doxorubicin, liposomal doxorubicin exhibits sustained metabolism/excretion due to the extra capture-release process. This work unveils the pivotal role of Kupffer cells in intrahepatic traffic of PEGylated liposomal therapeutics, and quantitively describes the intrahepatic transport/distribution/elimination process, providing crucial information for guiding further development of nanomedicines. Here, authors looked at the roles of Kupffer cells in determining intrahepatic traffic of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin, providing information for design and clinical applications of liposomal therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with robotic-assisted surgery versus open laparotomy. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies up to June 15, 2024, were identified using PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Additionally, reference lists of included studies, relevant review articles, and clinical guidelines were manually searched. The primary outcomes evaluated were length of stay, 90-day mortality, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), and Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH). Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss, reoperation rate, lymph node yield, and operative time. The final analysis included 10 retrospective cohort studies involving 23,272 patients (2,179 robotic-assisted and 21,093 open surgery). There were no significant differences between the two procedures in terms of postoperative pancreatic fistula, Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage, lymph node yield, and operative time. However, patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery had shorter lengths of stay, lower 90-day mortality, and less estimated blood loss compared to those undergoing open surgery. The reoperation rate was higher for the robotic-assisted group. Robotic-assisted surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is safe and feasible. Compared to open surgery, it offers better perioperative and short-term oncologic outcomes, but with a higher risk of reoperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) refers to ALL patients with t(9;22) cytogenetic abnormalities, accounting for about 25% of ALL. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological type of non-small-cell lung cancer, which has a frequency of approximately 45% cases with mutations in EGFR. Both Ph+ ALL and EGFR mutant LUAD are involved in the pathogenesis of the abnormal activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway. Although the second primary hematological malignancy after the treatment of solid tumors is common in clinics, the synchronous multiple primary malignant tumors of hematological malignancy overlap solid tumors are uncommon, even both tumors involved in the pathogenesis of the abnormal activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway are extremely rare. Case presentation: An 84-year-old man with fatigue and dizziness was diagnosed with Ph+ ALL. Meanwhile, a chest CT indicated a space-occupying lesions, characterized by the presence of void, in the right lower lope with the enlargement of mediastinal lymph node and right pleural effusion. After a few weeks, the patient was diagnosed with LUAD with EGFR exon 19 mutation. Both tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (Flumatinib) and EGFR-TKI (Oxertinib) was used for the patients, and finally have controlled both diseases. Conclusion: As far as we know, we for the first time reported a case of Ph+ ALL and EGFR mutant LUAD synchronous overlap, of which pathogenesis is related to abnormal tyrosine kinase activation. This patient was successfully treated with two different TKIs without serious adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YT521‐B homology (YTH) domain family (YTHDF) proteins serve as readers that directly recognise m6A modifications. In this study, we aim to probe the role of YTHDF1 in environmental carcinogen‐induced malignant transformation of gastric cells and gastric cancer (GC) carcinogenesis. We established a long‐term low‐dose MNU‐induced malignant transformation model in gastric epithelial cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the malignant phenotype and characterise the roles of YTHDF1 and its downstream genes in malignant transformation cells. Additionally, we explored downstream m6A modification targets of YTHDF1 using RNA‐sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation, and proteomics analyses, and conducted validation experiments in cell experiments and clinical samples. Long‐term low‐dose exposure of MNU converted normal Gges‐1 cells into malignant cells. YTHDF1 mRNA and protein expression are increased in MNU‐induced malignant cells (p<0.001). Meanwhile, YTHDF1 knockdown inhibits the malignant potential of MNU‐treated cells (p<0.01). YTHDF1 knockdown specifically suppresses HSPH1 protein, but not RNA levels. RIP‐qPCR validates HSPH1 is the target of YTHDF1 (p<0.01). HSPH1 knockdown impairs the malignant potential of MNU‐induced transformed cells. The increased expression of the key regulatory factor YTHDF1 in MNU‐induced gastric carcinogenesis affects malignant transformation and tumorigenesis by regulating the translation of downstream HSPH1. These findings provide new potential targets for preventing and treating environmental chemical‐induced gastric carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]