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Marine plankton are also sensitive to changes in ocean temperature, acidity and nutrient availability, making them important indicators of climate change and changes in ecosystems. Studying these organisms helps scientists understand the broader impact of environmental changes on marine ecosystems and global biogeochemical cycles. Kakinada Coast is part of the Bay of Bengal, known for its biodiversity. The presence and abundance of plankton in the waters off the Kakinada coast can vary seasonally and respond to environmental factors such as water temperature, nutrient availability and the ocean flow. These plankton are not only important to the marine ecosystem but also play a vital role in fisheries and aquaculture in the region, as they form the foundation of the food web that supports species. The present review article focuses on evaluation of physiochemical parameters, diversity and distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton of Kakinada coast of Andhra Pradesh, India. This can be correlated with the role of the plankton diversity for maintaining the ocean surface ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root canal treatment is a treatment sequence for the infected pulp of a tooth which is intended to result in the elimination of infection and the protection of the decontaminated tooth from future microbial invasion. During root canal treatment, it is possible that the gutta-percha cones, which are a permanent filling in the treatment, become contaminated. Before being placed in the root canal, it must be sterilized. Additionally, the gutta-percha sterilization process may lead to bacterial growth in the root canal. Thus, gutta-percha sterilization should take place at the same time as root canal cleaning. For this purpose, gutta-percha sterilization must be automated, instead of conventional disinfection methods. The primary objective of this study is to automate the gutta-percha sterilization operation and improve disinfection efficacy with a low turn-around time and high precision. As per the results obtained during the experiment, the turn-around time for sterilization takes 5-8 minutes with good disinfection efficacy in microbial testing and a precision of 92% for 57 cycles of testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study deals with the numerical investigation of the substrate board characteristics using different materials (FR4, silicon cladding and copper cladding) on which nine nonidentical electronic components (ECs) are mounted, which are supplied with nonuniform heat flux. The study is conducted for natural and forced convection (3 m/s and 5 m/s) modes of heat transfer. It is observed that for 5 m/s the temperature of the ECs is dropped by 30–47∘C using copper cladding board in comparison to FR4 and silicon cladding board. It is also noted that with the use of copper cladding board the velocity of air required for cooling the ECs is substantially reduced by 2 m/s and the temperature of the IC chip is reduced by 1.50–11.12∘C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the relationship between ionospheric scintillations and equatorial spread F (ESF) during adverse space weather conditions is of paramount significance for developing ionospheric scintillation mitigation strategies for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In this paper, we present correlation analysis between equatorial spread F (ESF) and L-band amplitude scintillations conducted at low-latitude Hyderabad station (17.47° N, 78.57° E) during the severe geomagnetic storm event of 17 March 2015 (St. Patrick's Day). Hyderabad location comes under the region between the magnetic equator and the northern crest of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). ESF information is derived from ionograms of ionosonde located at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Balloon Facility, Hyderabad, whereas amplitude scintillation index (S4) data have been obtained from the GPS receiver at Hyderabad (GAGAN network). Intense spread F (SSF) signatures were observed during post-sunset hours of 16 March (pre-storm day) and 17 March (storm day), 2015, where the spread F (SF) index is higher than 1 MHz. GPS satellite vehicle with pseudo-random noise code (PRN) 24 experienced strong scintillation (S4 = 1.06) at 18:53 UT on the pre-storm day of 16 March 2015. GPS PRN 30 satellite was affected severely on 17 March (storm day), when the observed S4 index is 0.99. Development of ESF and subsequent scintillations are due to the strong eastward prompt penetration electric fields over the Indian region. The inhibition of spread F and scintillations noticed on 18 March 2015 are because of disturbance dynamo electric fields and disturbance winds. The SSF occurrences were well correlated with scintillation index values at Hyderabad station, India. Variations of the virtual height of the F layer (h′F) and drift velocity (Vd) are related to the S4 values during the period of interest. The outcome of the preliminary results would be useful for development of ionospheric scintillation prediction algorithms for GPS users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical analytical procedures are usually applied for correlation techniques and in estimation of soil spatial trends. Euclidean cluster, scoter plot, correlation matrix, and inverse distance weight are more favorable statistical properties than traditional procedures. The distribution of soil properties experiment are used to understand engineering characteristics and to conclude suitability for engineering construction initial works. The investigational analysis shows the symptomatic properties of statistical analysis estimations. Three Mandals in Medak district, Telangana state, has been selected to locate appropriate places for civil engineering works. The Mandals are Narsingh Mandal, Shankarampet Mandal, Chegunta Mandal. These three mandals have good agriculture fields so it is difficult to recognize good soil source of geo-technical properties. The assessments are preferred to analyze liquid limit, plastic limit, compaction properties, particle size composition, and proctor compaction. The results of soils are plotted on thematic maps by using inverse distance weight (IDW) and reclassify techniques. These maps are a good example to quickly identify source places. Cluster I and II groups have suitable geo-technical properties of the region, and Cluster III gathers low strength soil samples. Pearson correlation reveals matrix theory to understand reasonable and most suitable parameter in the research region. The liquid limit versus plastic limit R-value is 0.5481 and p-value is <0.5, which indicates a positive correlation. The maximum dry density of plastic limit correlation value R is -0.1395, which indicates a negative correlation and inversely proportional to maximum dry density of the plastic limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a high gain microstrip array antenna for ultra-wideband applications with 2.4 GHz WLAN band rejection capability. The array configuration is featured with a novel corporate microstrip line feed structure to provide better impedance matching to the constituent radiating elements. The antenna geometry uses the rectangular patch element which is tapered by means of step in width transition at the patch-feed interface and the ground plane is partially metalized on the bottom part of the substrate to enhance bandwidth of the single element antenna. A pair of split- ring resonators are slotted in the ground plane to reject the 2.4 GHz WLAN band. The 1×4 array antenna with notch band characteristics is designed, simulated in ANSYS HFSS 3D EM full-wave simulation software and characterized in terms of the return loss, VSWR, impedance bandwidth, far-field radiation patterns and gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of extracellular alkaline protease under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) by Bacillus megaterium NCIM-2087 was tested on substrates of different agrowastes, including soy cake, wheat bran, rice bran and green gram husk, with a pH ranging from 8-11, particle size above 7 m?, inoculum levels 1 mL to 5 mL/10 g of substrate, incubation time from 12 to 96 h and relative moisture levels from 60% to 140%. The peak alkaline protease produced by B. megatarium NCIM-2087 was observed in the soy cake substrate (5961.0 U/g), at pH 9, particle size 4-18 mμ, 3 mL/10 g of substrate inoculum level, 60 h of incubation time and at 100% relative moisture level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]