Search

Albugo candida, responsible for causing white rust disease, is a significant fungal pathogen leading to substantial yield and economic loss in Indian mustard. Therefore, it is necessary to explore intrinsic resistance in Brassica juncea germplasm for suppression of this disease. In the present study, phenotyping of exotic and indigenous collections of Brassica juncea was done against thirteen diverse A. candida isolates in cotyledon and true leaf plants under controlled conditions and in adult plants on field at different locations during three consecutive mustard crop seasons (2019–2022). Among 311 lines screened of B. juncea, 59 germplasms were found immune under artificial and field screening against various isolates of A. candida. Five accessions, EC766193, IC265495, EC766061, EC766595 and IC443623 of B. juncea were identified to express immune response for six of the pathogenic isolates, whereas, for rest of the isolates they expressed high to moderate resistance. Moreover, correlation study showed positively co-related resistance levels among adult plant and true leaf stage of development in B. juncea (r = 0.859, p < 0.01). The GGE biplot elucidated 69.4% of the total variation and visually displayed the resistance and stability for B. juncea accessions against white rust disease. These new sources of host resistance for virulent pathotypes of A. candida are critically important and will help to create a strong credential for discerning and mapping of resistance linked gene/QTL and to sustainably manage this disease in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a complete framework for detection and mitigation of different types of commonly seen deadly DDoS attacks. The system assumes bi-directional traffic information at an edge router to detect and mitigate the attacks. A router might not always see the outgoing traffic corresponding to the incoming traffic carried by the router and which has always been a problem for other approaches which assume bi-directionality of the traffic in the monitoring point. We introduce an agent-based technique which enables each edge router to validate the bi-directional nature of effectiveness of our detection and mitigation the incoming traffic passing through them. We present several experiments demonstrating the system. Also, we introduce a packet marking scheme called as XORID, which can be used to defend against spoofing based DDoS attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a vital role in the modern arena. WSN is deployed in the various vital areas such as military operations, health care, surveillance, home application and environmental applications. WSN mainly works on battery power, whose capacity is limited. Energy efficiency is one of the main issues in wireless sensor networks. Various routing techniques are developed to achieve maximum reliability, network lifetime and scalability. Leach is one of the clustering convention used in wireless sensor networks. Even, after its existence of more than 17 years, Leach protocol grabs attention and interest of research community. Our research area is confined to power management. This paper proposes a technique called as Improved Lifetime - Leach with Particle Swarm Optimization (PIL-LEACH) to smoothen the associated information transmission inside the group and, to control the problems such as correlated data, cluster head selection and large distance transmission of the packet in Leach. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm selects the cluster head based on various parameters of sensor nodes such as residual energy, distance from base sink etc. This approach admits that we know the area of the sensor hubs. It uses the two-tier architecture of clusters heads which are far away from the sink in order to mitigate the energy losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred five Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from the Delhi area were typed by spoligotyping; 45 patterns were identified. Comparison with an international spoligotype database showed type 26, Delhi type (22%), type 54 (12%), and type 1, Beijing type (8%), as the most common. Eighteen spoligotypes did not match any existing database pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitinase, capable of degrading the cell walls of invading phytopathogenic fungi, plays an important role in plant defense response, particularly when this enzyme is overexpressed through genetic engineering. In the present study, Brassica plant (Brassica juncea L.) was transformed with chitinase gene tagged with an overexpressing promoter 35 S CaMV. The putative transgenics were assayed for their inhibitory activity against Alternaria brassicae, the inducer of Alternaria leaf spot of Brassica both in vitro and under polyhouse conditions. In in vitro fungal growth inhibition assays, chitinase inhibited the fungal colony size by 12-56% over the non-trangenic control. The bioassay under artificial epiphytotic conditions revealed the delay in the onset of disease as well as reduced lesion number and size in 35S-chitinase Brassica as compared to the untransformed control plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element treatment for parabolic integro-differential equations with discontinuous coefficients are presented in this work. Due to low global regularity of the solutions, the error analysis technique of the standard finite element method is difficult to adopt for interface problems. In this paper, convergence of continuous time Galerkin method for the spatially discrete scheme and backward difference scheme in time direction are discussed in L ∞ (L 2) norm for fitted finite element method with straight interface triangles. More precisely, optimal error estimates are derived in L ∞ (L 2) norm when initial data u 0 ∈ H 3 ∩ H 0 1 (Ω) . The interface is assumed to be smooth for our purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]