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Abdominal systems such the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys must be carefully dissected in order to properly diagnose and treat abdominal illnesses. Even while deep learning segmentation methods are excellent, there are still problems with many of them, including partial volume effects, image noise, and data asymmetry. The purpose of this research is to colourize CT scans in order to improve these segmentation techniques. For the purpose of segmenting various organs in thoracic CT images, we suggest an adversarial training technique for deep neural networks. U-Net-generative adversarial networks are the suggested adversarial network architecture. High quantities of GPU RAM are needed for this procedure (perhaps exceeding hardware restrictions) and training takes a long time. With the findings of this publication, By highlighting how great outcomes are still possible with a reduced-resource architecture, Our goal is to get more scientists interested in and involved with deep neural networks. We use cutting-edge pre-processing methods, multi-organ segmentation requires both a well-designed model with model fusion amongst models that have been trained on the same datasets. Using state-of-the-art approaches from a public competition as a benchmark, we show that our design is much better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel methodology introduced to incorporate peroxide in the rubber matrix led to successful development of peroxide cured EPDM insulation based on precipitated silica, a conventional filler. Effect of Silica Filler on the physical, mechanical, thermal, ablative properties and thermal degradation of such an insulation has been recently published. As an outcome of above study, peroxide cured EPDM insulation with 25 PHR of Silica, has been promulgated as potential low density insulation meeting all the requirements of Large Rocket Motor, while having a density as low as 0.997 g/cm3 and Tg as low as −55°C. Effect of aging on mechanical, thermal properties and thermal degradation behavior of low density peroxide cured EPDM insulation has been studied and the findings have been corroborated by FTIR Spectroscopy and morphological Examination by SEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the initial data for the |$(J = 3 \rightarrow 2)$| transition of |$^{13}\text{CO}$| obtained from the central molecular zone (CMZ) of the Milky Way as part of the CO Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey 2 (CHIMPS2). Covering |$359^{\circ } \le l \le 1^{\circ }$| and |$|b| \le 0.5^{\circ }$| with an angular resolution of 19 arcsec, velocity resolution of 1 km s |$^{-1}$|⁠ , and rms |$\Delta {T_{\rm A}^{*}} = 0.59\, \mathrm{K}$| at these resolutions, our observations unveil the complex structure of the CMZ molecular gas in improved detail. Complemented by the |$\rm {^{12}CO}$| CHIMPS2 data, we estimate a median optical depth of |$\tau _{13} = 0.087$|⁠. The preliminary analysis yields a median |$^{13}\text{CO}$| column-density range equal to |$N(^{13}{\rm CO}) = 2{\!-\!}5 \times 10^{18}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$|⁠ , median H |$_{2}$| column density equal to |$N(\mathrm{H_{2}}) = 4 \times 10^{22}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$| to |$1 \times 10^{23}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$|⁠. We derive |$N({\rm H_{2}})$| -based total mass estimates of |$M({\rm H}_{2}) = 2{\!-\!}6 \times 10^{7}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$|⁠ , in agreement with previous studies. We analyse the relationship between the integrated intensity of |$^{13}\text{CO}$| and the surface density of compact sources identified by Herschel Hi-GAL, and find that younger Hi-GAL sources detected at 500  |$\rm{\mu m}$| but not at 70  |$\rm{\mu m}$| follow the dense gas of the CMZ more closely than those that are bright at 70  |$\rm{\mu m}$|⁠. The latter, actively star-forming sources appear to be more associated with material in the foreground spiral arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute Aortic Syndrome (AAS) comprises of three distinct pathological conditions: Aortic Dissection (AD), Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer (PAU), and Intramural Haematoma (IMH). Although AAS and its emergencies are not common occurrences, they are considered highly dangerous and potentially fatal. Clinically, differentiating between the various types of aortic syndromes can be challenging. The prognosis of these conditions significantly depends on speedy and precise analysis. Therefore, present study emphasised the critical role of radiology in the diagnosis of AASs, with Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) being the quickest and most consistent imaging modality. In this case series, four cases of AASs are presented, comprising three cases of AD and a case of PAU in a patient with infrarenal aortic occlusion. Notably, one of the dissection cases was accompanied by renal ischaemia. Recognising acute aortic emergencies promptly is essential for saving lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An architecture for a wireless network that is constantly developing, decentralized, and multi-hop is called a mobile ad hoc network. MANETs are able to function in many different contexts where regular networks are unable. As can be seen from the advantages listed above, these networks are well-suited for a wide variety of applications, some of which include military and commercial use, as well as applications relating to disaster management, rescue operations, and defense. Energy conservation is a standard factor that indicates the overall network lifetime in mobile ad hoc networks that operate on rechargeable or replaceable battery. This is because usage, battery power consumption in relation to transmission range, type of application running on each device, location, and other influences all play a part in determining the overall network lifetime. An earlier study used a method called ant colony optimization, which is a form of swarm intelligence enthused by the activity of foraging ants in colonies. The best possible travel plan was found using this strategy. Current MANETS routing systems face difficulties in load balancing and energy efficiency that must be overcome if optimal path convergence is to be achieved. When deciding on the next hop node, the IoT based AEEBLR method is recommended. The latency, energy consumption, congestion, and connection quality are all taken into account before making a final decision. The likelihood of selecting the next-hop node as the neighbor node is determined using these metrics. It is the following hop's probability that determines which ant agent goes forward and which goes backward. This paves the door for the creation of many paths, from which the most effective might be chosen for transmission. The results of the implementation show that the suggested AEEBLR technique outperforms the existing AESR approach when the number of packets, the number of nodes, and the mobility of nodes are all varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient and metaheuristic cost analysis of a MX/G(a, b)/1 retrial queue with random failure during an extended Bernoulli vacation with impatient clients is covered in this study. Any batch that arrives and discovers the server is busy, down, or on vacation joins an orbit. In the alternative, only one new customer from the group joins the service right away, while the others join the orbit. After providing each service, the server either waits to serve the following customer with probability (1 - θ) or goes on vacation with probability θ. It has been found that these systems express steady-state solutions and are dependent on time probability generating functions in consideration of their Laplace transforms. We also discuss a few exceptional and particular instances. After that, the impact of different parameters on the system's effectiveness is evaluated. We are also talking about ANFIS. Additional approaches employed in this study to swiftly determine the system's optimum cost include genetic algorithms (GA), artificial bee colonies (ABC), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). We also examined the graph-based convergence of several optimization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article presents an overview of bulk arrival and bulk service with breakdown QM's. The concept of bulk arrivals and bulk service has a new significance in the world of reality. To prevent the problem of traffic congestion, researchers must concentrate their efforts on developing models and processes to address the issue. Numerical methods of QM's are critical in many industries, notably in production lines, to alleviate traffic congestion. This study seeks to give analysts, researchers, and industry professionals enough information to model congestion problems and extract various performance indicators to improve the QS's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional advanced encryption standard (AES) method requires improvement to accommodate modern security hazards in cloud computing. Outsourcing private and secret information to distant information networks is difficult due to new problems connected with the confidentiality and safety of information. The structure presented by this study has essential components involving improved security and owner-data privacy. The dual-cycle key attribute alters the 128-bit AES method, accelerating encryption at 1000 bits per second. However, a singular circular bar with 800 blocks per second has been used historically. The suggested technique uses less energy and improves the distribution of load, trust, and control of resources on the entire network. The proposed framework calls for the use of AES with 128, 64, 32, and 16 bytes of simple text. Visualizing simulation outcomes shows the technique's capability for obtaining specific quality features. According to the assessments, the proposed framework reduces energy consumption by 14.43 %, connection utilization by 11.53 %, and delay by 15.67 %. As a result, the suggested framework improves protection, decreases resource usage, and shortens latency when delivering computing services over the cloud. The experiment was done with Anaconda Python and Eclipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop diseases are a huge threat to food security, yet timely detection is a difficult task due to the absence of infrastructure in various regions of the world. In agriculture, the detection of disease in plants is complex because farmers must often evaluate whether the crop that are harvesting appears good enough. It is crucial to treat this seriously because it may result to major effects on plants, affecting product characteristics, quantity, or overall productivity. Plant illnesses produce outbreaks of disease on a systematic interval, resulting in large-scale fatalities and a substantial economic impact. Early and precise tools for diagnosing plant diseases are essential for robust plant production and for reducing both qualitative and quantitative losses in crop yield. Cutting-edge and creative data analysis technologies significantly aid in the accurate and precise identification of diseases. Among all the crops, tomato plants are widely grown and required in all parts of the world. Given all the above challenges, this study seeks to recognize tomato plant diseases in an accurate and timely manner. In this paper, a multi-objective hybrid fruit fly optimization algorithm that relies on simulated annealing optimized SVM is proposed to identify tomato plant diseases at an earlier stage in an accurate manner avoiding global optimization problems. The hybridization of simulated annealing with FOA helps in reducing the hyperparameter problems. The proposed methodology was tested and experimented extensively and the results enlightened that the proposed methodology achieved 91.1% accuracy and reliability and the experimental observations also indicated that the suggested method overcomes the drawbacks of the current algorithms. In addition, the operational efficiency of the proposed system was measured on statistical parameters like accuracy (91.1%), sensitivity (96.7%), precision (91.8%), specificity (91.2%), and F1-score (94.5%). Also, a comparison analysis with existing algorithms like DT, RF, KNN, and K-means with SVM was also performed, and overall, it was concluded that proposed methodology is having high methodological approach for diagnosing crop diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although difficult, robust and reliable synchronization of multimodal medical pictures has several practical uses. For instance, in MR-TRUS fusing guided prostate treatments, picture registration between the two modalities is essential. However, due to the significant variety in image appearance and correlation, MR-TRUS picture registration remains a challenging issue. In this research, we suggest employing deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) i.e. three dimensional CNN U-NET (3D-Conv-Net) to develop a resemblance measure for MR-TRUS registration. Finally, for the second-order optimal of the taught measure, we apply a composite optimisation method that searches the solution space for an appropriate starting point. We also use a multi-stage process to improve the optimisation metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the majority of plant biotechnology laboratories throughout the world, plant transformation is a common practice to improve several traits of plants, particularly grain yield. During the experiments, only a small percentage of cells transform in the targeted population. For selection of transformed cells, it is necessary to use the selectable markers such as Neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), Chloramphenicolacetyle transferase (Cat), Hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph), Streptomycin phosphotransferase (spt), Phosphinothrycin acetyletransferase (pat) and Dihydrofolate reductase (dhf). The majority of these and other markers detoxify different antibiotics including paromomycin, kanamycin, hygromycin, neomycin, and streptomycin etc. But as these antibiotics become resistant, most of the markers raise serious safety concerns to human health. Additionally, in case of multiple genes transfer, it also limits the availability of these selectable markers. Keeping in view the limitations of selectable markers, production of marker-free transgenic plants is becoming the global trend. Current review explored the probabilities and prospects to cope with these issues. This review describes in detail the various plant transformation systems for the development of selectable marker gene (SMG) free transgenic plants. Replacement of selectable marker with screenable marker and some worldwide examples of SMG free crop plants produced by these strategies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to utilize a metamaterial (MTM) structure, specifically the slotted plus‐shapes within a square split‐ring resonator, to analyze the characteristics of the reused oil and also used to classify different oil samples. The proposed MTM structure is designed to operate within the X‐band frequency range of 8–12.4 GHz. The MTM structure is simulated using the high‐frequency EM simulation tool, and the MTM properties are extracted using standard equations. The negative permittivity and permeability characteristics of the proposed MTM structure in the X‐band are studied to verify its suitability for X‐band applications. A sample container is designed to hold the oil samples, and the experiments were carried out using an X‐band waveguide setup with Vector Network Analyzer. The results were analyzed and presented in brief to examine reused oil and classify different oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes the structural and spectral properties of N‐(2‐benzoylamino) phenyl benzamide (NBPB). The geometrical parameters of NBPB molecule such as bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles are calculated and compared with experimental values. The assigned vibrational wave numbers are in good agreement with the experimental FTIR and FT Raman spectra. The vibrational frequency of C=O stretching was downshifted to a lower wave number (red shift) due to mesomeric effect. The UV–Vis spectrum of the title compound was simulated and validated experimentally. The energy gap and charge transfer interaction of the title molecule were studied using frontier molecular orbital analysis. The electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivity sites of NBPB were investigated through the analysis of the molecular electrostatic potential surface and the Fukui function. An assessment of the intramolecular stabilization interactions of the molecule was performed using natural bond orbital analysis. The drug‐likeness parameter was calculated. To investigate the inhibitory potential of the molecule, molecular docking analysis was conducted against SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, revealing its capability to serve as a novel inhibitor against SARS‐CoV‐2. The high binding affinity of NBPB molecule was due to the presence of hydrogen bonds along with different hydrophobic interactions between the drug and the SARS‐CoV‐2 protein receptor. Hence, the title molecule is identified to be a potential candidate for SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity is one of the most devastating environmental stresses, causing a significant reduction in cultivable land worldwide. Salinity restricts the growth, development, and yield of plants. In response to salinity, plants alter their morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. Under salt stress, plants, including wheat, employ a variety of morpho-physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes at the cellular, tissue, and whole-plant levels to survive. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of salinity tolerance in wheat, there are still challenges in bridging the gap between yields in favorable environments and under salt stress conditions. Salt tolerance is a polygenic trait controlled by multiple genes making it difficult to comprehend. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of different mechanisms of salinity tolerance, as well as the identification and isolation of novel genes using diverse wheat germplasm, is essential for developing robust salt-tolerant wheat varieties. Recently, advanced approaches have been reported for salinity mitigation in wheat to optimize production. This article summarizes the current understanding of salt stress response in wheat plants, different approaches to management (use of salinity tolerant lines/varieties, seed or seedling priming, application of exogenous protectants etc.), and strategies for developing climate-smart crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) was a global disaster that greatly impacted the education system. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis can be used to identify favourable and unfavourable factors and conditions in offline and e-learning systems, and to address problems in a targeted manner. Aim: To evaluate the understanding and perception of students regarding the online learning system through SWOT analysis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Department of Pharmacology at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu, India for a duration of one month in October 2021. The study included 589 undergraduate students from medical, dental, and allied health sciences. A preformed questionnaire using Google Forms was used to assess the students' perception of the online teaching methodology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was assessed using a five-point Likert scale, and results were expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: The present study reported that 52.46% of the study participants had a strong positive opinion about the convenience and flexibility of online learning methods, as they can be accessed from anywhere and at any time. However, 214 (36.33%) participants agreed that monitoring students during online teaching was more difficult compared to classroom teaching. During the pandemic, when all educational institutions were closed, 412 (69.95%) students felt that completing a course within a stipulated period was made possible by the online method. On the other hand, 401 (68.08%) students believed that some countries do not recognise certificates from online learning systems, as they may not provide sufficient practical experiences compared to classroom teaching. Conclusion: The current study showed that more than half of the study participants had a very favourable assessment of the portability and adaptability of online learning techniques. However, they also strongly felt that it was more challenging to keep track of students during online learning compared to traditional classroom methods. Online learning has both benefits and drawbacks, and it is important for individuals to decide how best to utilise it for their own gain while avoiding any negative side effects. Based on the experiences of the pandemic, it is crucial to find innovative solutions that are appropriate for different learning contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed hexagonal shaped metamaterial unit cell inspired antenna for multi-band operation is proposed in this article. The gain of the proposed antenna is enhanced using frequency selective surface (FSS) as reflector. Initially, a hexagonal shaped CPW-fed monopole antenna is designed with the dimensions of 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 on FR4 substrate for the resonant frequency of 4.5 GHz and a proposed unequal width of hexagonal metamaterial unit cell is inspired on the antenna for obtaining the other two resonating frequencies at 1.7 GHz and 3.4 GHz. The gain achieved by this antenna is 2.4 dBi. To enhance the gain of the antenna, the FSS is introduced as the reflector. The proposed antenna with FSS is providing the enhanced gain of 9 dBi. Antenna parameters such as reflection coefficient, E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns, gain and FSS characteristics such as band stop, band pass, reflection phase are analyzed through simulation and validated through measurements. In addition, the angular stability of the proposed FSS structure is analyzed and found as 40°. The proposed technique can be adopted for increasing the gain of the multi-band antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundnut is the third-largest oilseed crop produced in the world and second largest in India. The F2 populations of TMV 7 x Girnar 4 and R2001-2 x Girnar 4 were evaluated to determine the variability and association between yield and its attributing traits. High PCV and GCV along with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for the trait viz., primary branches, secondary branches, number of pods, immature pods, mature pods and pod yield . Improvement of these traits would be possible through simple selection program as they are controlled by additive gene action. The traits number of pods, mature pods, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage showed significant positive correlation with pod yield in both the crosses. The path analysis results revealed that the number of pods per plant had the highest positive direct effect on pod yield per plant and the selection for these traits could positively increase pod yield/ plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many adjuvant methods have been researched to enhance the immediate implant success in the recent times. The study's goal was to compare the aesthetic and biological results of immediate dental implants in the aesthetic zone to standard tapered root form implants that had not undergone pre-treatment with platelet-rich plasma or photofunctionalization. Materials and Methods: The study used a randomized controlled trial as its design. Ninety subjects were chosen at random and placed into three groups: a control group, a case group, and a group that needed replacement of their maxillary anterior teeth right away following extraction. The interventional groups received the "Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)" or "Photofunctionalization (PF)" group before the implant placement. After the delayed loading approach, the prosthesis was given after 6 months. At the second and fourth weeks, as well as 2, 4, 6, and 12 months (P 0.05), follow-up was conducted. The success and survival rate, aesthetic, and biological outcomes were assessed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare outcomes, and repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess intragroup variations over baseline and follow-up. Results: The distal, mesial, and mean marginal bone loss as well as the aesthetic scores for pink and white did not differ significantly between groups. The implant stability however was significantly higher in the PF and PRP groups as compared to the controls. A single implant failed in all the three groups. The success percentage was similar for all the groups. Conclusion: The stability of immediate dental implants pre-treated with PRP or PF differed statistically significantly than the subjects in the control group, while other parameters remained the similar between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Surgical Management of a Rare Superficial Cutaneous Angiomyxoma in a Cow," discusses a case report of a 16-year-old cow with a superficial cutaneous angiomyxoma. The cow underwent surgical excision of the tumor mass, and the bleeding was controlled using thermocautery and ligatures. The animal was given post-operative antibiotics and pain medication, and the wound healed without any recurrence during the six-month follow-up period. This case is significant because angiomyxoma is extremely rare in veterinary medicine, and this is the first report of a superficial cutaneous angiomyxoma in a non-pregnant cow. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses research which analyzed the information need of diabetic patients and the advocacy provided to them through short message services (SMS) to meet their information need and deliver behavior and lifestyle modification advice and support for better management and prevention of diabetes. The study measured the perception level of respondents in the experimental and control group on disseminated text and voice messages including clinical, nutrition and management information.

Composite flour is a mixture of flours from cereals, pulses, oilseeds and tubers with or without addition of wheat flour. Medicinal herbs own many health benefits because of its, therapeutic or curative aids. Incorporation of herbs to food products helps to manage many diseases. Finger millet based composite flour (FBCF) had been developed with the incorporation of black rice, black soya bean, barnyard millet and pumpkin seeds. The present research investigation proceeded by standardizing the composite flour mix by using finger millet and other ingredients in the ratio of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60. The developed mixes were subjected to functional properties and sensory evaluation to select the best combination. Best accepted combination of FBCF analyzed for nutrient composition. Addition of 50 per cent finger millet and 50 per cent in combination of other ingredients had better functional properties and sensory scores compared to other treatments. Finger millet based composite mix had significantly higher protein (15.93 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (63.26 g/100 g) compared to control. Considering the literature studies herbs which are rich in antioxidant activity viz., Amrutha balli, Indian borage, honagone leaves, dried ginger, turmeric and clove had been selected to develop herbal mix. Herbal mix was standardized by considering the sensory evaluation scores of kashaya. Herbal mix treatment 3 (HMT3) had good sensory scores and antioxidant activity (83.33%) compared to other treatments. Further best accepted composite flour was used for the preparation of herbal enriched composite flour by incorporating the developed herbal mix at different composition. It can be concluded that finger millet based herbal enriched dosa mix treatment 3 (HFCFT3) had better sensory scores and also the developed mix had good nutritional composition and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to discuss in detail about the bµij -open sets in bigeneralized topological space. Also, we investigated some characterizations and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of dihydro-5-(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1phenyl-1H-pyrazole) heterocyclic derivatives was developed via Knoevenagel condensation reaction followed by Michael addition using L-proline as catalyst. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-TB and in vitro cytotoxicity (MDA MB 231) for pharmacological investigations. Further, in silico molecular docking studies were carried out against PDB: 4BFT (anti-TB) and PDB: 6VJ3 (cytotoxicity) protein receptors. The outcome of pharmacological studies suggests that compounds can be used as potential materials in pharmaceutical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parameterization scheme that represents gravity waves due to convection in LMDz‐6A, the atmospheric components of the IPSL coupled climate model (IPSLCM6), is directly compared to Strateole‐2 balloon observations made in the lower tropical stratosphere from November 2019 to February 2020. The input meteorological fields necessary to run the parameterization offline are extracted from the ERA5 reanalysis and correspond to the instantaneous meteorological conditions found underneath the balloons. In general, we find a fair agreement between measurements of the momentum fluxes due to waves with periods less than 1 hr and the parameterization. The correlation of the daily values between the observations and the results of the parameterization is around 0.4, which is statistically elevated considering that we analyze around 600 days of data and surprisingly good considering that the parameterization has not been tuned: the scheme is just the standard one that helps producing a quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the IPSLCM6 model. Online simulations also show that the measured values of momentum fluxes are well representative of the zonally and averaged values of momentum fluxes needed in LMDz‐6A to simulate a QBO. The observations also show that longer waves with periods smaller than a day carry about twice as much flux as waves with periods smaller than an hour, which is a challenge since the low period waves that make the difference are potentially in the "gray zone" of most climate models. Plain Language Summary: In most large‐scale atmospheric models, gravity wave (GW) parameterizations are based on well‐understood but simplified theories and parameters which are keyed to reduce systematic errors on the planetary scale winds. In the equatorial regions, the most challenging errors concern the quasi‐biennial oscillation. Although it has never been verified directly, it is expected that the parameterizations tuned this way should transport a realistic amount of momentum flux in both the eastward and westward directions when compared to direct observations. Here, we show that it is the case, to a certain extent, using constant‐level balloon observations at 20 km altitude. The method consists in comparing directly, each day and at the location of the balloon the measured momentum fluxes and the estimation of a GW parameterization using observed values of the large‐scale meteorological conditions of wind, temperature, and precipitation. Key Points: A non‐orographic parameterization tuned to produce a realistic tropical quasi‐biennial oscillation is used to predict in‐situ observationsParameterized gravity waves (GWs) needed in large‐scale models have realistic amplitudes in the tropical lower stratosphereDay‐to‐day variations of the estimated GW momentum fluxes correlate well with observations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish conditions for slant conformal Riemannian maps to be horizontally homothetic Riemannian maps. We also discuss the geometry of totally geodesic slant conformal Riemannian maps. Finally, we study the harmonicity of slant conformal Riemannian maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sense of self-concept is made up of self-evaluation or self-perception and focuses on an individual 's thoughts about his or her own characteristics. Self-concept describes the state in which an individual evaluates or thinks about himself or herself in the important aspects of life. A person with positive self-concept has a feeling of worthiness while on the other hand, an individual with negative self-concept considers him/her as valueless. The present study was planned to study the effect of maternal employment on self-concept of Adolescents. For the fulfillment of the purpose of the study 100 adolescents (50 adolescents of working mothers & 50 adolescents of non-working mothers) age range of 16-18 years were selected. "Self-concept questionnaire (SCQ)" by Saraswat applied to determine self-concept. The questionnaire covers six dimensions of self-concept. Results of the study revealed that on all dimensions as well as on the total score of self-concept the mean scores of non-working mothers' adolescents were higher than the mean score of adolescents of working mothers. However, the difference between the two groups on some dimensions, i.e., social, temperamental and moral was found to be statistically not significant. Even though the present study suggests that mothers are required to be made aware about of the needs of their wards. A positive approach to motherhood can be helpful in positive development of self-concept of their adolescents. Working mothers irrespective of their professional engagements should give full time to their wards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rehabilitation of forest areas is not new to Malaysia as forest replanting activities have been carried out throughout the country for years to meet the demand for woody and nonwoody products as well as to nurture degraded forestland. Thus it is important for a soil to be evaluated to ascertain the degree to which rehabilitation activities have succeeded in restoring forest health, particularly in sustaining soil quality in rehabilitated forests. This review article aims to provide a corpus of information for forest managers and related agencies who work closely with forestry. The aim is to provide an overview on the importance of soil quality in measuring the success of forest rehabilitation programs. Research articles on the evaluation of soil properties at selected rehabilitated forests in Peninsular Malaysia were included in the review. The impact of forest rehabilitation in relation to soil properties comprising soil compaction, moisture, acidity, macronutrients, cation exchange capacity, microbial count, microbial enzymatic activity, and microbial biomass is discussed. Natural forest is used as a benchmark to see the effect of forest rehabilitation programs. Our review indicates that rehabilitated forests that were established earlier and have gone through a longer period of time have better soil quality compared to the soil of forests established later. This shows that rehabilitated forests are able to restore their soil quality and achieve fertility on par with natural forests, if given longer periods of time for recovery. Soil quality analyses should be done regularly to measure the extent of success in rehabilitation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Retraction Note: A hybrid Elman recurrent neural network, group search optimization, and refined VMD-based framework for multi-step ahead electricity price forecasting" has been retracted by the publisher due to concerns about compromised editorial handling and peer review processes, inappropriate references, and being out of scope for the journal. The authors, T Aruldoss Albert Victoire, have expressed disagreement with the retraction. The retraction note was reported by R. Hannah Jessie Rani and T. Aruldoss Albert Victoire. [Extracted from the article]

In recent days, miniaturized antennas have gained significance in portable ultra-wideband (UWB) applications owing to its broad coverage spectrum. Fractal antennas have become popular in this context owing to the three properties: self-similarity, space-filling, and lacunarity, thereby producing miniaturization with a broad spectrum. Conventional Fractal antennas achieve a good impedance bandwidth, relatively high gain, at the cost of trade-off between compact size, radiation characteristics and broad spectrum. In this paper, an asymmetric coplanar waveguide–fed hexagonal monopole antenna with Boomerang-shaped Fractals is proposed for UWB characteristics with relatively high antenna gain and wide bandwidth. The miniaturization of the antenna is realized by the Fractal structure. The size of the antenna is to be 0.287 λr × 0.287 λr × 0.009 λr, where λr is the resonating wavelength at 3.45 GHz. The proposed antenna is printed on a 0.8-mm-thick FR-4 substrate with relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. From frequency-domain analysis, the experimental results reveal that the fractional bandwidth is 101.7% and the peak antenna gain detected is 5.1 dBi. The radiation performance of the antenna was nearly omnidirectional. From the time-domain analysis, group delay and three different Fidelity Factors i.e. Fidelity Factor (FF), System Fidelity Factor (SFF), and Fidelity Factor of System (FFS), the proposed antenna is found to have negligible distortion. As the bandwidth meets up to fractional bandwidth above 20% and absolute bandwidth greater than 500 MHz, the proposed antenna is suitable for 3.45–10.6 GHz UWB applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation on the compatibility of the indigenous isolate Lecanicillium saksenae (Kushwaha) Kurihara and Sukarno (ITCC 7714), a potent entomopathogen for the rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius (Thunberg), isolated from Vellayani soils of Kerala, India was undertaken with the prime objective of integrating it in the IPM package for sucking pest management in paddy. The insecticides recommended by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee (CIB & RC) for pest management in paddy were tested for compatibility at their recommended, half the recommended and double the recommended doses using the poisoned food technique. We found that, among the new generation insecticides tested, flubendiamide 39.35% SC, chlorantraniliprole18.5% SC, imidacloprid 17.8% SL and thiamethoxam 25% WG were found to be compatible with L. saksenae at all the three doses. Flubendiamide 39.35% SC and imidacloprid 17.8% SL were least inhibitive at recommended dose with the highest Biological index (BI) of 89. Of the old generation insecticides, dimethoate 30 % EC was compatible at the half and recommended doses, while malathion 50 % EC, quinalphos 25% EC and chlorpyrifos 20% EC were toxic to L. saksenae. Quinalphos 25 % EC was the highly inhibitive insecticide with a BI of 14-22, exhibiting a significant reduction in growth, sporulation as well as germination of the fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Halitosis is a term defining a common concern of individuals with a bad odor originating from their mouth. Halitosis is a symptom related to both somatic and emotional status. There is a need to investigate the relationship between psychological status and halitosis with the moderation by oral health. Aim: To assess the relationship between psychological status and self-perception of halitosis among young adults with moderation by oral health status (OHS). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 self-perceived halitosis (SPH) and 160 halitosis suggestive (HS) young adults in Bengaluru city. Questionnaire for self-perception of halitosis and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire for psychological status were used. Halitosis was measured using organoleptic test. OHS was assessed using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment form for Adults, 2013. Independent t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate linear regression were performed. A moderation analysis was carried out to examine the effect of OHS. The P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age was 21.56 ± 1.84 years and 23.8 ± 1.93 years in the self-perceived halitosis and HS groups, respectively. Questionnaire for self-perception of halitosis majority of them experienced bad breath for the past 3 months; were hesitant to talk to others; felt uneasy; avoided social interaction, and the workplace was affected. The mean SCL-90-R score of SPH (291.46 ± 13.17) was significantly greater than HS (137.06 ± 25.09) (P < 0.001). Most of the participants in SPH had malodor and 50% had no odor in HS group. The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth were 2.37 ± 3.92 and 1.87 ± 2.86 in SPH and HS groups, respectively (P = 0.19). The mean of teeth with gingival bleeding was significantly higher in SPH (3.46 ± 3.87) when compared to HS groups (1.61 ± 2.44) (P < 0.001). On multivariate linear regression, there was a significant relationship noted between the self-perceived halitosis group and SCL-90-R (R2 = 0.07; P < 0.001). In the moderation analysis, the effect of oral health and self-perception of halitosis was significant with psychological status. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the psychological status and self-perception of halitosis with moderation by OHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel CPW-fed octagonal-shaped metamaterial-inspired antenna on frequency selective surface (FSS) for multiband operations which is suitable for 5G mobile communications and satellite applications. The proposed monopole antenna has the dimensions of 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 on FR4 material for the designed resonant frequency of 4.5 GHz. An octagonal-shaped metamaterial unit cell is introduced on the antenna for the other resonant frequencies at 1.7 GHz and 3.4 GHz and the gain achieved only by the antenna without FSS is 2.5 dBi. To enhance the gain, an FSS is proposed as a reflector to the antenna. It acts as a good reflector and enhances the gain upto 8.2 dBi. The angular stability of the FSS unit cell is analyzed with TE and TM polarization and found as 50°. Antenna parameters such as return loss, gain, radiation pattern and transmission/reflection coefficients are observed by the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation software and all the results are compared with the experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal and peri-implant disorders are etiologically linked to bacterial biofilms. The researchers wanted to see how well the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser removed bacterial biofilms along with attached epithelial cells (EC), gingival fibroblasts (GF), in addition to osteoblast-like cells (OC) dentin along with titanium surfaces compared to previous therapy methods. Methodology: 3.5 days were spent growing bacterial biofilms on standardized dentin and also titanium samplings using a sand-blasted along with the acid-etched surface. Following that, the specimens were positioned into pockets that had been formed artificially. The following approaches were used to remove biofilm: (1) Er:YAG, (2) photodynamic therapy (PDT), and (3) curette (CUR) along with supplementary PDT (CUR/PDT). The remaining biofilms' colony forming units (CFUs) were determined, as well as the attachment of EC, GF, in addition to OC. Analysis of variance with a posthoc least significant difference was utilized in the statistical analysis. Results: When compared to untreated dentin and titanium surfaces, all therapy strategies reduced total CFUs in statistically significant biofilms (p = 0.001). On the dentin, Er:YAG was as effective as CUR and PDT, but not as effective as CUR/PDT (p = 0.005). The application of Er:YAG on titanium surfaces leads to statistically significantly improved biofilm eradication equated to the supplementary three therapies (all p = 0.001). On untouched infested dentin and titanium surfaces, the counts of attached EC, GF, and OC were the lowermost. Atop the dentin, increased EC counts were detected after CUR/PDT (p = 0.006). On titanium, all cleaning procedures increased the counts of attached EC by a statistically significant amount (p = 0.001), with no variations between groups. After Er:YAG decontamination, there were statistically substantially elevated amounts of GF (p = 0.024) and OC (p = 0.001) than on untreated surfaces. Conclusion: The usage of Er:YAG laser to ablate subgingival biofilms and, specifically, to decontaminate titanium implant surfaces appears to be a promising strategy that needs further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech clustering is an unlabeled technique that can find the previous information without any clustering results regarding the number of previous speakers. When the original speech information is transformed into the form of mel frequency cepstral coefficients, the transformation methodology is better standardized to represent the speaker. It is stated that each speech area is trained by a giant Gaussian mixture model (GMM) that is common to the universal background model (UBM). The UBM is a very large GMM that is trained and developed by different channels across the data. The current mean shift system works for different types of speakers from the given speech information. In the proposed work, the multi-viewpoint references are carried out by a single view instead of a single point. This type of comparison quantity is called multi-viewpoint-based comparison, currently it is known as multi-viewpoint-based similarity (MVS). Then the proposed system is developed by the optimal clustering result MVS. This technique of MS is the seeking procedure for statistical review mode. MVS functionality is higher than the other systems MS. The proposed system is capable of detecting speech clustering trend and respective speech clustering results. In this paper, the clustering validity index measurement is validated by different clustering results and shows the correctness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with triple band rejection capabilities operating in quad bands is presented. The proposed UWB antenna is derived from a planar rectangular shaped monopole antenna. In order to improve the bandwidth of the antenna, a partial ground is maintained with a slot at centre along with truncated slots made at bottom two corners and a rectangular slot at top side centre of the radiating patch. In order to achieve the required triple notch characteristics and the multiband operation, a single meander line slot is made in the middle of the patch. The dimensions of the meander line slot are varied to change the notch band characteristics of the antenna. The proposed UWB antenna rejects triple bands 3.29 GHz{4.83 GHz (WiMAX), 5.15 GHz{6.84 GHz (WLAN), & 7.94 GHz{8.49 GHz (X-band satellite uplink). The operational bands of the UWB antenna with triple notch bands are as follows, 2.38 GHz{3.29 GHz, 4.83 GHz{5.15 GHz, 6.84 GHz{7.94 GHz, and 8.49 GHz{13.15 GHz. The measured peak gains at 2.7 GHz, 5 GHz, 7.3 GHz, 8.7 GHz, and 11.5 GHz are 3.4 dBi, 2.8 dBi, 3.6 dBi, 3.3 dBi, & 3.88 dBi respectively. The step-by-step implementation of the triple notch band UWB antenna and the comparative analysis is presented. The proposed antenna performance is presented with the help of reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, field distributions, and radiation pattern curves. The simulated and measured analysis comparison shows good agreement making the designed antenna a good candidate for UWB applications that require multiband operations with selected bands rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fractal antenna with enhanced bandwidth (BW) from 2.62 GHz to 5.2 GHz is presented for Wi-Fi applications. The antenna is designed to achieve a wider BW, and it consists of a rectangular shape patch attached to a half circular disc. The antenna is fed by microstrip feed model. The ground plane of the antenna is maintained partial with a slot at centre. Double head arrow cross shaped slots are etched on the radiating element to form the proposed fractal antenna. While the centre slot is made to look like + symbol, the surrounding four fractal slots are made to look like-symbol. FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 with thickness 1.6mm is used to design the antenna. The overall size of the antenna is maintained compact with dimensions 44mm-40 mm. The dimensions of the fractal slots are varied, and the operating band is tuned. The proposed antenna covers from 2.62 GHz to 5.2 GHz with BW 2.58 GHz. The step-by-step implementation of the fractal antenna and comparative analysis are presented with the help of reflection coefficient curves. While the proposed antenna covers wideband, it showed peak resonance at dual operating frequencies at 3.2 GHz and 4.8 GHz. The designed antenna-maintained gain of 2.96 dBi and 3.47 dBi at 3.2 GHz and 4.8 GHz frequencies, respectively. The proposed antenna performance is presented with the help of reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, field distributions, and radiation pattern curves. The simulated and measured analysis comparison showed good agreement making the designed antenna a good candidate for wideband Wi-Fi applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global pairwise biological network alignment is a pervasive technique in bioinformatics and computational biology. Even now, the computation of network alignment is a challenging effort for delivering an efficient and statistically significant results. Thus, the optimization algorithms have been used to get the precise results of protein network alignment. In this work, an Improved Firefly Optimization Algorithm method was used to align the biological protein networks in a pairwise technique which resulted in an optimal solution. By utilizing the final outcome of network alignment, the function of proteins in a network and KEGG pathways was also obtained and found that the aligned proteins have more functions that are common in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to provide an overview of the feasibility, utility, merits, and demerits of virtual microscopy (VM) in pathological diagnostics and (2) to evaluate its advantages in dental and medical teaching over conventional microscopes. Materials and Methods: A literature survey was carried out in August 2020 in electronic databases such as PubMed using keywords such as virtual microscopy and whole slide imaging. The searches revealed 956 articles out of which 36 were selected after reading the full-text articles. Results: The review of 36 articles revealed that VM or whole-slide imaging (WSI) allows access to entire scanned sections of tissue that can be viewed on a computer in exactly the same way as conventional glass slides with a microscope and can be explored at several magnifications. VM offers many advantages like ease of accessibility through the Internet anytime or in any place, and moreover, the virtual slide does not get damaged or fade away like glass slide. Since it increases learning and comprehension, virtual microscopes have been used extensively in dental and medical education. Conclusions: VM opens a new world in tissue-based diagnosis through digitization of slides. The experiences of telepathology applications have already proved that it is a promising technology which has been adopted by histopathologists and cytologists across the world and contributing immensely to telepathology consultation in underserved areas. It is a feasible, valid, and approved technology for pathological diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the second wave of COVID-19 receding, numerous patients who have recovered from the disease are reporting for elective/emergency surgery either for primary ailment or for a complication arising from COVID-19, such as mucormycosis. Preamble The Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA) issues the following advisory and position statement pertaining to the perioperative management of post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in surgical patients. Mandatory pre-operative blood glucose testing (fasting and post-prandial) may be considered in COVID-19 patients with a history of steroid use, all patients with a history of severe COVID-19 disease and known patients of diabetes mellitus. Although other anti-fibrinolytics, such as tranexamic acid, aprotinin and epsilon aminocaproic acid, have been used in cardiac, orthopaedic, obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries and major trauma to reduce blood loss, their use in post-COVID-19 surgical patients may be counterproductive as the underlying mechanism of coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19 disease has been thrombosis leading to increased D-dimer levels. [Extracted from the article]

The present paper is wished-for Jane A usten 's a beautiful creature Catherine, a seventeenyear old girl and her innocence in Northanger Abbey. The novel was a family en tertainmen t and give details of innocent, imaginative village girl Catherine in her foolish thoughts. Catherine thinks life is like a Gothic novel at her village, when she attends 'bath' in England her real experiences bring her realistic life as an ordinary young woman. The novel is more clearly explains a village girl who gets a chance to meet many people at 'bath' matured her self from imagination to reality. Catherine comes to believe that, though novels may be enjoyable, their matter does not relate to everyday life. She suspected General Tilney as murderer of his wife later she was realized howfoolish she had been thoughtfulness. Catherine is the symbol of love, loyalty and relationships during the contemporary time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]