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This article discusses the possibility of generalizing the existing methods of optimization of observations to the problems of resource management of intrusion detection systems. The aim of this work is to study the applied aspects of the application of the surveillance optimization method, which increases the efficiency of using the resources of intrusion detection systems. The set goal of the work was achieved through the following tasks: (1) on the basis of experimental data, the development of a dynamic model of the controlled object and the observation model was carried out; and (2) numerical modeling of the solution to the problem of optimizing observations of the state of monitored objects in the intrusion detection system was carried out. As a result of this research, modern approaches to the management of resources of intrusion detection systems have been analyzed. A practical study of the possibility of using the mathematical apparatus for optimizing observations in relation to the problems of resource management of intrusion detection systems has been carried out. The most important scientific findings are as follows: (1) model of the dynamics of the controlled object; (2) model for monitoring the state of controlled objects; and (3) procedure for optimizing the plan for monitoring the state of monitored objects in intrusion detection systems. The significance of the results obtained is confirmed by a numerical experiment, within the framework of which a relative gain in the accuracy of assessing the state of controlled objects of 99.9% was obtained in comparison with a uniform observation plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recovered COVID-19 patients, the state of mucosal immunity remains understudied. Cytological, functional, and metabolic characteristics of neutrophils and the interleukin status will help to correctly assess the need for immunorehabilitation measures. The study objective is to assess the state of mucosal immunity after COVID-19. A comprehensive study of mucosal immunity included the assessment of nasal mucosal neutrophils with the monitoring of destructive and apoptotic changes as well as examination of the functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils entering the nasal secretions. Phagocytic activity was assessed using microbial suspension of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as intracellular oxygen-dependent biocidity, the functions of capturing, absorbing, and killing pathogens. Study of the secretory component included assessment of interleukin levels (TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ) and the content of sCD95 (sAPO-1/FAS), membrane marker of apoptosis, in the nasal secretions. Cell wall neutrophils in recovered COVID-19 patients show enhanced destructive and apoptotic processes within the cells. Functional disorders due to inhibited phagocytosis of autoflora are recorded. Functionally defective cells are brought into the nasal secretions; they demonstrate severely inhibited oxygen-dependent biocidity, rapid depletion of reserves, incomplete phagocytosis, and limited ability to capture pathogens, which can contribute to the growth of various pathogenic viruses and bacteria. In the nasal secretions, the concentration of sCD95 (sAPO-1/FAS), the membrane marker of apoptosis, is increased. Elevated level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10) downregulates IFN-γ, thus directly contributing to the formation of functionally defective neutrophils. Compensatory increase in the IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine under the influence of SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins downregulates IFN-γ and is a cofactor of depression of intracellular biocidity of neutrophils. An increased level of the TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokine increases apoptotic and destructive changes in neutrophils entering the nasal secretion. Virus-induced, functional, and metabolic impairment of neutrophils of the mucosal immunity system develop in recovered COVID-19 patients, thus providing a scientific rationale for immunomodulatory therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop preventive measures for occupational allergy to latex in health care workers and to elucidate diagnostic specifics of latex sensitization by clinical and immunological parameters. One thousand three hundred forty-six health professionals whose work involves contact with latex-containing products underwent a screening questionnaire survey. One hundred twenty health professionals had an immunoassay done involving the estimation of total and latex-specific IgE. Thirty-six health care workers had a prick skin test done with a standard kit of allergens (home dust mites, epidermal, and pollen allergens). Latex allergy in health care workers is most often characterized by the development of skin manifestations and allergic rhinitis. Latex allergy in health professionals was found to be most common in individuals with the history of allergies, confirmed by increased total IgE values, which should be taken into consideration in occupational fitness assessments on a preliminary medical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General theoretical approaches to the content of the concept of multi-channel marketing have been generalized. It is proved that multi-channel marketing differs from multi-channel communications and is a modern and global technology of integration of all components of the marketing complex in the process of interaction with the consumer. It is substantiated that the level of possession of mobile devices in Ukraine and their penetration among the population creates a background for widespread using of Internet channels by service providers. The special relevance of the use of multi-channel marketing takes on the market of banking services because it allows personalizing the contact with the consumer and take into account his or her requirements in terms of access points and convenient time. The data about the increase of non-contact payments in the domestic market and stability of this trend has been displayed in this article. At the same time, the reduction of traditional branches of banks is not always justified, as the consumer must have their own choice as to the convenience of using one or another channel. The expert assessment proved that despite the high cost of maintaining the liaison office has relatively high efficiency among the clients of advanced age. Therefore, against the background of reduction of unprofitable branches, there should be processes of modernization of those that remain on the market from the point of view of conversion into financial service centers. The article proposes a method of constructing a system of multi-channel marketing of a banking institution, which consists of four stages: analysis of large amounts of data on consumer behavior, their preferences regarding the ways and means of connecting to banking services, products and services, the volume, timing and regularity of provision; segmentation of the market and the definition of target segments depending on the level of ownership of mobile devices and information technology, age, income and social activity; optimization of the set of channels from the point of view of maximization of profit and minimization of expenses for their maintenance in the context of each target segment; evaluate the effectiveness of multi-channel interaction and adjustment of the configuration of the channels. It is proved that the main feature of segmentation of consumers in the construction of multi-channel marketing should be the level of ownership and frequency of use of electronic devices. The results of the study may be useful for banking institutions that are trying to build a system of multi-channel marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Periódico Tchê Química is the property of Grupo Tche Quimica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One hundred thirty-one assays were performed to determine the level of specific IgE to major molecular components of the birch pollen—rBet v 1, timothy grass pollen—rPhl p1, rPhl p 5b, and house dust mites—nDer p1, rDer p2 as well as to the minor components of birch pollen—rBet v 2, rBet v 4, timothy grass pollen—rPhl p7, rPhl p 12, and house dust mites rDer p10 in patients with asthma (N = 66) and allergic rhinitis (N = 65). It is well established that sensitization to major and minor allergens facilitates the selection of an allergen for the allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). According to the concept of molecular-based allergen diagnostics, the ASIT efficacy is expected to be high when IgЕ to major components are present and antibodies to minor components are absent. When elevated IgЕ levels to major and minor ASIT proteins are present, a moderate ASIT efficacy is expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of herd immunity to measles in the Republic of Tatarstan indicates epidemiological well-being, with the values correlating with average values across the Russian Federation (RF) in the following indicator groups: 3-4 and 9-10 years of age. The proportion of antibody-negative individuals increases (in comparison with the average values across the RF) in the age groups of 16-17 and 23-28 years and older than 30 years that suggest the tendency to epidemiological unsafety in these age categories. High titers of anti-measles antibodies in the age groups older than 40 years might evidence about definitely increased post-infection immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A whole group of polymorphisms of genes involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier, immune responses, and their regulation is important in the formation of atopic phenotype. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship of polymorphisms of genes of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 with clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dermatitis patients in a "case-control" study. Polymorphisms of genes TLR2 (p.Arg753Gln) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly) were detected by PCR. Parameters of the state of innate and adaptive immunity were assessed by the level of local production of sIgA, cytokine profile of blood serum for IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Biological samples from 50 people with allergic pathology, aged 4.5 to 35 years, and 100 healthy individuals (controls) were analyzed. Observed dysregulation of cytokine production (IL-4, IL-10) in patients with heterozygous polymorphic genotypes probably reflects an imbalance of Th1/Th2/Th17 regulation of immune system response in these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data have been obtained on dynamics of antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates circulating in preschool children suffering from respiratory pathologies, in the city of Kazan in the years 2009-2015. The high activity of β-lactam antibiotics (from 96 to 90.8 %, depending on the period considered), macrolides (from 83.7 to 93.4 %), and ciprofloxacin (78.9-73.5 %) for the causal treatment of pneumococcal infections. No vancomycin-resistant strains of pneumococci were registered. Comparative analysis of 2009-2011 and 2015 showed a statistically significant increase of the ratio of resistant strains to penicillin (3.5 %), amoxicillin/clavulanate (3.9 %), amoxicillin (5.3 %), clarithromycin (3.6 %), clindamycin (2.9 %), ceftriaxone (5.2 %), and cefixime (2.3 %). According to data on serotyping of isolates, serotypes of S. pneumoniae are covered by the 13-valent conjugate vaccine currently used in children by the national calendar of preventive vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Konsumpcja i Rozwój is the property of Institute for Market, Consumption & Business Cycles Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel approach for monitoring the biomolecular interactions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles was disclosed. Based on ultrafiltration of a human serum-nanoparticle mixture and the mass spectrometric analysis of filtrates, this assay revealed for iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid) satisfactory biopersistence and a bimodal binding to sulfur-containing biomolecules, with the formation of the protein corona completed in about 1 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to determine for the first time the reliability and the diagnostic power of high-resolution microarray testing in routine prenatal diagnostics. Methods We applied high-resolution chromosomal microarray testing in 464 cytogenetically normal prenatal samples with any indication for invasive testing. Results High-resolution testing revealed a diagnostic yield of 6.9% and 1.6% in cases of fetal ultrasound anomalies and cases of advanced maternal age (AMA), respectively, which is similar to previous studies using low-resolution microarrays. In three (0.6%) additional cases with an indication of AMA, an aberration in susceptibility risk loci was detected. Moreover, one case (0.2%) showed an X-linked aberration in a female fetus, a finding relevant for future family planning. We found the rate of cases, in which the parents had to be tested for interpretation of unreported copy number variants (3.7%), and the rate of remaining variants of unknown significance (0.4%) acceptably low. Of note, these findings did not cause termination of pregnancy after expert genetic counseling. The 0.4% rate of confined placental mosaicism was similar to that observed by conventional karyotyping and notably involved a case of placental microdeletion. Conclusion High-resolution prenatal microarray testing is a reliable technique that increases diagnostic yield by at least 17.3% when compared with conventional karyotyping, without an increase in the frequency of variants of uncertain significance. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern Russian arbitrazh court and civil court procedure (since 2002) has many adversarial characteristics, which are similar to those of British and American courts but which have their roots the Imperial Russian legal reform of 1864. This article offers the reader an analysis of the main features of Russian procedural legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral properties of cell suspensions, individual cells, and extracts of the unicellular green alga Parietochloris incisa (Reisigl) Shin Watan. grown under low light were studied. Long-term nitrogen (N) deprivation resulted in a decrease of chloroplast volume, appearance of numerous large cytoplasmic oil bodies, and the deposition of triacylglycerols with a high proportion of arachidonic acid. Chlorophylls a and b underwent a synchronous decline, whereas carotenoids (Car) showed a relative increase. Simultaneously, significant qualitative changes in the spectral properties of P. incisa individual cells, cell extracts, and cell suspensions were observed. To a large extent, the spectral changes observed in cell suspension could be attributed to a decrease in overall pigment content, leading to a gradual weakening of the so-called package effect and accumulation of additional amounts of Car over chl, most probably, in oil bodies. Several optical characteristics of cell suspensions could serve as sensitive indicators of N-deficiency in P. incisa. Furthermore, the absorption ratios, A476/ A676 and A650/ A676, showed close correlations with the Car-to-chl ratio and relative arachidonic acid (AA) content, respectively. The latter makes it possible to suggest that the increase in AA percentage in P. incisa proceeds in parallel with a decrease in cell chl content, accounting for the weakening of the package effect. N-replenishment resulted in complete recovery of cell optical properties. The possible significance of the changes in cell ultrastructure, pigments, lipids, and optical properties is discussed with special reference to the ability of algae to adapt to and survive under conditions of long-term nutrient deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]