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The treatment of children and adolescents with meningomyelocele has experienced a clear change in the last 30 years. The establishment of pharmacotherapy, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and infection prophylaxis have improved the prognosis for patients and have led to new therapeutic strategies. The interdisciplinary cooperation between neonatologists, neurosurgeons, pediatric neurologists, pediatric urologists, pediatric nephrologists, pediatric orthopedists and pediatric surgeons leads to optimization of individualized therapy. These guidelines present definitions and classifications, investigations and timing which are described in detail. The conservative and operative therapy options for neurogenic bladder function disorders are described and discussed with reference to the current literature. The brief overview provides in each case assistance for the treating physician in the care of this patient group and facilitates the interdisciplinary cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) comprises Neotropical parasitic flies that parasitize bird nestlings while in their larval stage. The ecology of most species of these parasitic flies is largely unknown. Here, we contribute with data that shed some light on the environmental factors that are associated with variations in parasitism intensity of Philornis torquans, and examine whether increased intensity is followed by greater probability of mortality or reduced nestling growth. Intensive examination of nestlings of the bird community present in a 30 ha area was carried out weekly along two breeding seasons in Santa Fe, Argentina. Some nestlings of the most frequently parasitized bird species were followed twice a week, from hatching to fledging, to assess the impact of the parasites. High average maximum temperature and increased rainfall were significantly positively correlated with mean Philornis intensity. In turn, heavily parasitized nestlings were more likely to die: 10 larvae doubled the chances of mortality, and growth was affected in those that survived. The greater precipitation and warmer weather predicted for some areas of South America pose a potential impact on nestlings via this parasitism, and consequently on the population dynamics of native birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of developing a biodegradable ureteric stent, various polylactides were analyzed and grafted with a clinically adapted surface. Stent moulding was performed by CESP technology (Controlled Expansion of Saturated Polymers), which is not based on high temperature but gas-loading under high pressure which induces a foamy bulk structure. The hydrolytically biodegradable, synthetic homo- and copolymers poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA), poly(D,L-lactide-co-trimethylene-carbonate) (PDLLA-co-TMC), poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PDLLA-co-Gly) as derivatives of lactic acid or glycolic acid and surface modifications with hydroxyethylene-methacrylate (HEMA) and oligoethyleneoxidemonomethacrylate (OEOMA) were analyzed with regard to cytotoxicity and cell adhesion. Methacrylates have minimized protein and cell adhesion and degradation of non-toxic products. All polymers exhibited a high degree of biocompatibility and cell adhesion was markedly reduced following HEMA grafting. A 3 cm and 7 Charrière prototype of the stent was moulded from PDLLA-co-TMC by CESP-technology, and grafted with HEMA by means of plasma-induced polymerization. Finally, the stents were implanted into female sheep, following unilateral ureterotomy. Regular blood and urine analysis as well as ultrasound and the final autopsy revealed no pathological findings. Histopathological analysis exhibited a regular epithelium without any changes being determined by contact to the stent, and a good regeneration of all layers in the area of anastomosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We record a case of a 37-year-old female with acute viral encephalitis, frequency and urgency incontinence. Video urodynamics showed small bladder capacity, sensory urgency, high residual urine and a Christmas tree appearance of the bladder. MRI showed inflammation and edema in the area of the thalamus and internal capsule in the early stage, then cavitation and gliosis in the same regions in the late stage. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with a chronic subdural hematoma that compressed the frontal lobe, an area known to be active in detrusor control, and caused contralateral hemiparesis and urgency incontinence. Urodynamically, he had a small bladder capacity and high amplitude overactive detrusor contractions with an intact sphincteric response. We concluded that the effect of intracranial lesions on voiding depends upon the site rather than the type of the pathology. Further in-depth studies are needed to clarify the effect of intracranial lesions, and accordingly the function of different brain regions and their influence on voiding. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]