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Kazbek volcanic center is characterized by the complex interrelationship of various hazardous geological processes. The proximity of populated areas and infrastructure objects (the main one is the Georgian Military Road connecting Russia with South Caucasus) determines high social and economic risks of the region. Disasters of 2002 and 2014 caused by ice-rock fall govern importance of investigation of the area. It must be based on instrumental data collection and seismic monitoring is the first continuous technique covering both exogenous and endogenous processes, especially of possible volcanic activity and various postvolcanic phenomena. That's why complex observational network "Karmadon Parametric Range" was established in September 2003. The network recorded a collapse of the mass of ice and rocks in the region of the Devdorak glacier on May 17, 2014 and the movement of the formed stone-ice avalanche. Research group for the first time faced with the movement of massive extended objects seismic records processing and analysis. New techniques as energy release and wavelet-based spectral-temporal graphs were developed. Flow velocities are estimated on the basis of slope variation along the trace. As the result, determined accordance of the events of 2002 Kolka glaciers fall and the 2014 Devdorak region rockfall is probably an evidence of general formation nature of both processes. And the main aim is to determine early evidences of the future events on the basis of a new instrumental monitoring of Kazbek volcanic center system. It must reveal characteristics of the Kazbek volcano and significantly improve natural hazards safety of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The purpose, structure, and basic characteristics of an acoustic system for monitoring coolant leaks in the first loop of a VVER reactor are presented. The principle of operation of the diagnostics algorithm is described. The system has been checked on a special stand. The system satisfies all sensitivity and temporal requirements. In 2005, SAKT was put into experimental operation in the No. 3 unit of the Kalinin nuclear power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The main technical decisions adopted in developing a moisture-content system for monitoring leaks in the pipeline of the first loop of VVÉR are examined taking account of experience and the main requirements for systems monitoring leaks in pipelines in nuclear power plants. The results of a computational and experimental validation of the serviceability of the diagnostics algorithm and the characteristics of the moisture-content system for monitoring leaks are presented. Using the Kupol-M computer code and a thermophysical stand simulating a leak in a pipeline with basaltic thermal insulation mats in the No. 3 unit of the Kalinin nuclear power plant, it is shown that the system meets the main requirements of the modern concept of leak before rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Physical development, behavioral reactions, and training capacity were studied in the progeny of female BALB/c mice with high levels of antibodies to myelin basic protein. The proposed protocol of immunization ensures high levels of antibodies to myelin basic protein in this mouse strain. High level of antibodies to myelin basic protein in pregnant females causes an increase in the blood level of these antibodies in the progeny. Inhibitory effect of antibodies to myelin basic protein on physical development, training process, and memory in mouse pups was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Conclusions are drawn, on the basis of experimental data obtained during experimental operation of the acoustic system for monitoring the leaks in the No. 3 unit of the Kalinin nuclear power plant, concerning the source of background noise which competes with the noise due to the efflux of coolant through leaks in the first loop. Two main sources are identified. The first one at pressure less than 8 MPa in the loop is due to pulsations of bubbles of undissolved gas in the coolant. The second source, which produces correlated noise in all circuits of the loop, is due to noise originating in the deaerator of the purge-makeup system. The high degree of correlation of the intensity of background noises is important for filtering such noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental procedure for determining the solvent efficiency index in cleaning and degreasing is proposed and substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic C-phenylation of methyl acrylate to methyl cinnamate with the Ph4SbX complexes (X = F, Cl, Br, OH, OAc, O2CEt) in the presence of the palladium compounds PdCl2, Pd(OAc)2, Pd2(dba)3, Pd(Ph3P)2Cl2, and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (dba is dibenzylideneacetone and dppf is bis(diphenylphosphinoferrocene)) was studied in organic solvents (MeCN, THF, DMF, MeOH, and AcOH). The highest yield of methyl cinnamate (73% based on the starting organometallic compound) was obtained for the Ph4SbCl—PdCl2 (1 : 0.04) system in acetonitrile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the combustion of methane hydrate over a powder layer is experimentally studied using thermal imaging and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) methods. The experiments are carried out at different velocities of the external laminar air-flow from zero to 0.6 m/s. Usually, simulation of methane hydrate combustion is carried out without taking into account free convection. A standard laminar boundary layer is often considered for simplification, and the temperature measurements are carried out only on the axis of the powder tank. Measurements of the powder temperature field have shown that there is a highly uneven temperature field on the layer surface, and inside the layer the transverse temperature profiles are nonlinear. The maximum temperature always corresponds to the powder near the side-walls, which is more than 10 °C higher than the average volumetric temperature in the layer. Thermal imager measurements have shown the inhomogeneous nature of combustion over the powder surface and the highly variable velocity of methane above the surface layer. The novelty of the research follows from the measurement of the velocity field using the PTV method and the measurement of methane velocity, which show that the nature of velocity at combustion is determined by the gas buoyancy rather than by the forced convection. The maximum gas velocity in the combustion region exceeds 3 m/s, and the excess of the oxidizer over the fuel leads to more than tenfold violation of the stoichiometric ratio. Despite that, the velocity profile in the combustion region is formed mainly due to free convection, it is also necessary to take into account the external flow of the forced gas U0. Even at low velocities U0, the velocity direction lines significantly deviate under the forced air-flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]