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Following trends in entertainment streaming services, online educational platforms are increasingly offering users flexible "on-demand" content options. It is important to understand how the timing of content release affects learning behaviors and firm revenue drivers. The current research studies over 67,000 users taking a marketing course before versus after a natural experiment in which the platform switched the course from a scheduled weekly-release format to an on-demand format with all content immediately available. The switch to on-demand positively impacted short-term firm revenue by increasing the number and proportion of certificate-paying users, suggesting that on-demand content can attract a broader set of consumers who value flexibility. On the downside, the switch resulted in users exhibiting lower lecture completion rates and quiz performance and taking fewer additional business courses on the platform, representing a long-term cost. The results were robust to propensity score matching and stratification. The analyses also revealed that on-demand content enabled learning patterns that deviated from a standard evenly paced schedule, including "strategic" binge learning and stretching out engagement past the recommended course period. Thus, while on-demand formats can boost revenues by bringing in more paying users, managers must consider new strategies for maintaining performance and engagement levels within these environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban social media mining is the process of discovering urban patterns from spatio‐temporal social media datasets. Urban social clusters are the clusters formed by the social media posts of users living in cities at a certain time and place. Discovering and identifying urban social clusters is of great importance for urban and regional planning, target audience identification, a better understanding of city dynamics and so forth. Discovering and ranking urban social clusters out of streaming social media datasets require efficient filtering approaches and mining algorithms. In the literature, there are several studies performed that address the discovery of the importance of urban clusters. Most of these studies take into account the spatial expansions over time and the changes in the numbers of elements within clusters when identifying the significance of urban clusters. However, in contrast to these studies, we have also considered cluster temporal formation stability, spatial density variation, and the impact of meta‐information on urban social clusters. In this study, Temporal, Spatial, and Meta Important Urban Social Clusters Miner (TSMIUSC‐Miner) algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, urban social clusters are discovered, and their importance relative to each other are compared and ranked. The temporal, spatial and meta importance scores of the clusters are calculated and then, the clusters that satisfy predefined score thresholds are discovered. The performance of the proposed TSMIUSC‐Miner algorithm compared with that of a naive approach using real‐life streaming Twitter/X dataset. The results showed that the proposed TSMIUSC‐Miner algorithm outperforms the naive approach in terms of execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Netflix pledged to avoid depictions of e-cigarette use in scripted series and movies rated TV-14 or below. However, this policy did not extend to young adults, many of whom are below the legal tobacco purchasing age. This study examined the association between recall of Netflix scripted series and movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery and susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users. Materials and Methods: A non-probability representative sample of young adults (ages 18-24; N = 1500) living in California were recruited to complete an online survey assessing their recall of Netflix scripted series and movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery and e-cigarette-related behaviors. Adjusted and weighted logistic regression analyses were used among participants who had never used e-cigarettes (n = 967). Results: Among participants who had never used e-cigarettes, 68.1% (n = 659/967) recalled viewing at least one Netflix scripted series or movie previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery, including 66.4% (n = 192/289) of participants under the legal tobacco purchasing age. Participants who recalled viewing at least one Netflix scripted series or movie previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery, compared with those who did not, had greater odds of reporting susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.20-2.25). Conclusions: Young adults living in California recalled Netflix scripted series or movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery. Such recall was associated with susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users. These findings should motivate prevention programmers to design tobacco-related digital media literacy interventions for young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past two decades, the border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea has posed political, economic and social security threats in the Horn of Africa. The seemingly unexpected resurgence of jovial contact between Eritrea and Ethiopia grabbed national, regional and international attention. It was Abiy who jumpstarted the peace process in June 2018. Unfortunately, their relationship gradually deteriorated from a cheerful amorousness to a vicious enmity. Thus, Ethiopia and Eritrea have both shown the ability and readiness to utilise proxy armies against one another. However, the literature on Ethiopia–Eritrea relations now avoids the topic of how peace and security might be restored. Therefore, the primary goal of this article has been to discuss and analyse the development of the Ethio-Eritrean relationship since 2018, from jubilant liaison to paroxysm hostility. To record and analyse this exciting issue, the article would be limited to primary sources such as letters, reports, journals, interviews, live streaming media and published secondary texts that this writer has access to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic increased school violence and worsened the school climate in Chile. In Chile, punitive control policies such as the Safe Class Law (Ley Aula Segura) have been adopted. A key actor in the public debate is the Chilean Teachers' Union, due to its potential impact on new public policies on the issue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to reconstruct the subjective theories of school violence and school climate presented by the Chilean Teachers' Union after the COVID-19 pandemic, in its public discourse broadcast on the web news. Methods: Based on a documentary study, a case study design and qualitative methodology, embedded in the FONDECYT project No. 1231667, titled "The social construction in Chile of school climate and school violence after the return to face-to-face education," web news (N = 36) were analyzed in which the Chilean Teachers' Union explains school violence and school climate after the pandemic. Results: We found subjective theories that explain the meaning of school violence and school climate, and external factors associated with the serious deterioration of these educational dimensions after the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we obtained a set of measures such as inclusive policies, curriculum, participation in the development of educational policies, and refunding public education that teachers propose to solve these phenomena in the future. Discussion: In the context of a union that has historically considered public policies to be non-participative in their formulation and distant from the schools' reality, these findings have important implications for understanding the arguments of the Teachers' Union about the need to improve mental health and working conditions as crucial elements for addressing school climate and school violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilisation of P2P tech in streaming media live broadcasting algorithm can effectively link the nodes in the endpoint and accelerate the establishment of efficient transmission channels between nodes, so as to ensure the data feasibility of video live broadcasting of terminal nodes. The simulation system of immersive virtual reality tech provides intelligent interactive experience and design framework. Its integration with P2P network streaming media live broadcast can bring users a stronger sense of experience, interaction and substitution, and provide high‐quality streaming media live broadcast service. On account of this, the authors first analyse the principle and utilisation of peer‐to‐peer network tech, then study the streaming media live broadcast algorithm considering peer‐to‐peer network and the design of P2P‐based streaming media live broadcast algorithm, and finally give the immersive virtual reality simulation of P2P‐based streaming media live broadcast scheduling algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do key players in Bombay's screen industries—producers, directors, writers, and business developers—understand, imagine, and navigate the dizzying new world of streaming platforms in India? Tracking the emergence of symbiotic relationships between new streaming platforms and established media professionals, I discuss how a restructuring of industry dynamics is elemental to the processes of cultural legitimation of new streaming tastes and the reconfigurations of the relationships between texts, industries, and audiences. Through case studies of a few prominent creative professionals associated in various capacities with global and local streaming platforms, I sketch the multiple linkages between contemporary streaming cultures and the structural histories of both film and television in the subcontinent. Ultimately, this article argues that media workers' self-reflexivity and theorizations about the industry-in-digital transit help us not only grasp the heterogeneity of this moment, but also trace notions of value and taste in Bombay's emerging digital media ecologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article offers a framework to help graduating MSW students and early career clinical social workers become social justice practitioners. Beginning with the assertion that clinical social work has the potential to be a powerful force in the movement to create a more just and humane world, the authors outline and discuss key components that can provide the foundation for clinical social workers to meet that potential. The authors first provide a definition of social justice, anchored in an ethic of love, and discuss the compatibility of clinical social work and social justice. They then summarize a framework for social workers to develop a critical consciousness through ongoing critical reflection and action. Each component is discussed using personal examples to illustrate how it is part of a process that helps us critically understand ourselves as social workers, how we show up and use ourselves in practice, how we attempt to come into community with our clients, and how we try to disrupt practices that reinforce systems of control and hierarchy. The article ends by recommending resources to help enhance early career social workers' personal and professional growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defining Moments is a podcast that extends the reach of articles published in Health Communication into public acoustic realms. In this essay, we locate Defining Moments in the broader realm of podcasting and highlight its inception, production, distribution, and impact through available data analytics. We approach podcasting as a relational experience in which meaning-making extends beyond any audio text to include reactions, interactions, and actions. Across three seasons and thirty-five episodes, the podcast has created space for scholars to translate research for general audiences and reflect on defining moments of their personal and professional lives, often situated in adverse experiences or unjust social contexts. Common to all episodes are stories of retrospective sensemaking in the service of prospective change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present an extensive survey of music information retrieval (MIR) research into music playlists. Our survey spans more than 20 years, and includes around 300 papers about playlists, with over 70 supporting sources. It is the first survey that is self-contained in the sense that it combines all the different MIR research into playlists. It embraces topics such as algorithms for automatic generation, for automatic continuation, for assisting with manual generation, for tagging and for captioning. It looks at manually constructed playlists, both those that are constructed for and by individuals and those constructed in collaboration with others. It covers ground-breaking research into enhancing playlists by cross-fading consecutive songs and by interleaving consecutive songs with speech, similar to what happens on a radio show. Most significantly, it is the first survey that can fully incorporate the paradigm shift that has taken place in the way people consume recorded music: the shift from physical media to music streaming. This has wrought profound changes in the size of music collections available to listeners and thus the algorithms that support the construction, curation and presentation of playlists and the methods adopted by users when they also construct, curate and listen to playlists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiently deploying deep neural networks on resource-limited embedded systems is crucial to meet real-time and power consumption requirements. Utilizing metareasoning as a higher-level controller along with tiny machine learning (TinyML) can enhance energy efficiency and reduce latency on such systems by overseeing available resources. This study introduces MetaTinyML, a comprehensive metareasoning framework for self-guided navigation on TinyML platforms. The framework adapts its decision-making process by factoring in environmental changes to select the most suitable algorithms for the current scenario. Implementation of MetaTinyML on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano 4-GB system integrated with a Jetbot ground vehicle demonstrated up to 50% power consumption enhancement. View a video demonstration of the MetaTinyML framework at: Video. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the implications of the transnational dynamics of streaming for the Nigerian video film industry (Nollywood) considering its historical predominance of informality in cross-border circulation. Right from its emergence in 1992 as a straight-to-video film industry, Nollywood has been significantly transnational in distribution albeit through the complex web of transnational piracy and other informal networks. This mode of informal transnationalism orchestrated wide visibility for the industry, but it brought minimal revenues for producers who were desirous of much formalised distribution system to connect to transnational capital and audiences. Since 2010, streaming has become progressively integrated into Nollywood's distribution eco-system and is introducing much formalised transnational consumption practices. Adopting the critical transnationalism approach (Higbee & Lim, 2010; Shaw, 2018), this paper draws from semi-structured interviews with 35 stakeholders in Nollywood and critical analysis of trade press. It argues that streaming has opened formal pathways to transnational capital and audiences hitherto unseen in Nollywood and is orchestrating audience fragmentations and reconfigurations of production practices in the industry. The paper extends existing debates on critical analysis of how specific forms of transnationalism impacts the quotidian practices in a media industry as well as the cultural implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript deals with the task of real-time speaker diarization (SD) for stream-wise data processing. Therefore, in contrast to most of the existing papers, it considers not only the accuracy but also the computational demands of individual investigated methods. We first propose a new lightweight scheme allowing us to perform speaker diarization of streamed audio data. Our approach utilizes a modified residual network with squeeze-and-excitation blocks (SE-ResNet-34) to extract speaker embeddings in an optimized way using cached buffers. These embeddings are subsequently used for voice activity detection (VAD) and block-online k-means clustering with a look-ahead mechanism. The described scheme yields results similar to the reference offline system while operating solely on a CPU with a low real-time factor (RTF) below 0.1 and a constant latency of around 5.5 s. In the next part of the work, our research moves toward much more demanding and complex real-time processing of audio-visual data streams. For this purpose, we extend the above-mentioned scheme for audio data processing by adding an audio-video module. This module utilizes SyncNet combined with visual embeddings for identity tracking. Our resulting multi-modal SD framework then combines the outputs from audio and audio-video modules by using a new overlap-based fusion strategy. It yields diarization error rates that are competitive with the existing state-of-the-art offline audio-visual methods while allowing us to process various audio-video streams, e.g., from Internet or TV broadcasts, in real-time using GPU and with the same latency as for audio data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social media influencers have revolutionized information, gaining viewers, retention, and interest with short videos. Medical teams could potentially benefit from this medium for educating patients. Defining success in this endeavor remains unclear. Objective: We are a surgeon-nurse team that sought to promote our messages on social media to gain viewers and interest in our website. Design: An educational podcast focusing on end-of-life discussions was linked to social media platforms, including Instagram and TikTok, to gain views on our website. Methods: Eleven podcast episodes were produced and published over a 3-month period, between November 2023 and January 2024. The podcast episodes were promoted to "similar clients" based on internal algorithms by a podcast streaming service, Spotify. The promotion provided by Spotify and website views were compared to responses evident by other social media posts. Results: After 3 months of publishing podcast episodes on Spotify, with free publicity, our podcast gained 10,400 promotions, 486 listeners, 49 followers, and approximately 1200 random website views. In comparison, the podcast content garnered more than 50,000 video clip views on TikTok and Instagram, after funding these brief video promotions. TikTok and Instagram both charged $20 or more per promotion. Paid promotion opportunities resulted in no website visits or podcast followers. Conclusion: Our own experience with social media promotion was inadequate in generating interest in our content. The authors would encourage other teams to be strategic with paid promotions and to consider engaging a marketing expert to improve the potential for mass interest in content and promotional efficiency. Additionally, based on these findings, the authors would appreciate more transparency in the algorithms behind successful promotions to better understand "what success looks like" for medical messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like online dating sites, mobile dating applications are popular technologies for navigating the dating market, whether for seeking romantic relationships or sexual partners. The searching-matching-interacting (SMI) framework describes mate selection in the dating market and how mediated market intermediaries (e.g., dating apps) can aid these functions. We conducted in-depth interviews (N = 37) to explore dating app use during relationship initiation and relationship escalation, examining the SMI framework. For searching and matching, perceptions of affordances such as visibility, searchability, and locatability governed participants' selection and use of apps. Examining the interacting function, our findings provide some of the first empirical support for modality weaving during relationship development. Rather than a simple modality switch from app to face-to-face, participants reported integrating multiple interpersonal and masspersonal channels, including social media, texting, and video. Channel transitions were made based on goals (e.g., relationship escalation, verification, uncertainty reduction) and perceived affordances (e.g., synchronicity, editability, bandwidth, accessibility). Notably, participants' evaluations of the advantages and disadvantages of dating apps revealed several tensions and paradoxes among beliefs and behaviors. These paradoxes indicate why many users may not satisfy interpersonal goals such as hookups or long-term romantic relationships through mobile dating apps. Our findings support the viability of the SMI framework, and we extend its theorizing for studying relationship initiation and relationship development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian belief network is an effective and practical approach that is widely acceptable for real-time series prediction and decision making. However, its computational efforts and complexity increased exponentially with increased number of states. Hence, this research paper a proposed approach inspired by context-based persuasion analysis of sentiment analysis and its impact on the propagation of false information is designed. As social media text consist of unwanted information and needs to be addressed including effective polarity prediction of a sentimentwise ambiguous word in generic contexts. Therefore, in proposed approach persuasion-based strategy based on social media crowd is considered for analyzing the impact of sentimental contextual polarity in social media including pre-processing. For analyzing the polarity of sentiment, Bayesian belief network is used, whereas Turbo Parser is implemented for visual representation of diverse feature class and spontaneous hold of the relationships between features. Furthermore, to analyze the lexicons dependency on each word in terms of context, a tree-based dependency parser representation is used to count the dependency score. Features associated with sentimental words are extracted using Penn tree bank for sentiment polarity disambiguation. Therefore, a graphical model known as Bayesian network learning is opted to design a proposed approach which take care the dependency among various lexicons. Various predictors, namely, (1) pre-processing and subjectivity normalization, (2) computation of threshold and persuasion factor, and (3) extraction of sentiments from dependency parsing from the retrieved text are introduced. The findings of this study indicate that it is most important to compute the local and global context of various sentimental words to analyze the polarity of text. Furthermore, we have tested our proposed method with a standard data set and a real case study is also implemented based on COVID-19, Olympics-2020 and Russia–Ukraine war for the feasibility analysis of the proposed approach. The findings of this study imply a complex and context-dependent mechanism behind the sentiment analysis which shed lights on the efforts for resolving contextual polarity disambiguation in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Me Too Movement has reshaped cultural awareness about sexual violence but little is known about how this shift may have coincided with changes in the reporting of sexual violence. The current study is the first to use the National Crime Victimization Survey to compare pre-#MeToo and post-#MeToo reports of sexual violence across three different blocks of time (Time 1: 2014–2015; Time 2: October 2017–September 2019; Time 3: October 2019–September 2021). Comparisons include prevalence rates of overall sexual violence, self-reports of sexual violence, official police reports of sexual violence, and situational characteristics of sexual violence (offender was a stranger, victim injury, victim services used). We also examine gender (women/men) and racial (White women/non-White women) differences in sexual violence reporting. Using formal comparisons, we find a significant increase in the rates of overall sexual violence as well as self-reports and stranger-offender reports of sexual violence between the pre- (Time 1) and the first post-#MeToo time point (Time 2). However, these increases are no longer evident in Time 3. In addition, the changes between the pre- (Time 1) and the first post-#MeToo time point (Time 2) are driven primarily by White women's reporting of sexual violence, and we find no significant changes in the rates of sexual violence experienced by men nor non-White women during these time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing adoption of mixed reality (MR) headsets with video passthrough functionality, concerns over perceptual and social effects have surfaced. Building on prior qualitative findings,1 this study quantitatively investigates the impact of video passthrough on users. Forty participants completed a body transfer task twice, once while wearing a headset in video passthrough and once without a headset. Using video passthrough induced simulator sickness, created social absence (another person in the physical room feels less present), altered self-reported body schema, and distorted distance perception. On the other hand, compared with past research that showed perceptual aftereffects from video passthrough, the current study found none. We discuss the broader implications for the widespread adoption of MR headsets and their impact on theories surrounding presence and body transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a quantitative characterisation of the discursive evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on streaming platforms (YouTube), integrating text mining and complex social network analysis. A comprehensive corpus was obtained from leading platforms, and natural language processing algorithms were implemented to analyse the textual content and identify patterns, emerging themes, and changes in AI discourses. Concurrently, a social network analysis was conducted to examine the interaction structures and the influence of different actors in the dissemination of information. The findings reveal significant trends in the representation and perception of AI, indicating the evolution of specific topics, differences in perception between different groups, and the influence of factors such as technological advances and global events. This analysis offers a more profound comprehension of the communication and perception of AI in the digital domain, providing valuable insights for academics, communicators and policymakers engaged in the field of AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual learning resources such as podcasts and social media are increasingly used in medical education. Podcasts are one example of virtual learning, where prerecorded audio files are available to stream or download from the internet, usually without a fee and at any time. This gives listeners flexibility in when and where they engage with the educational material, enabling learning to be better tailored to individual needs. Podcasts are often enjoyed for their relaxed and conversational style. However, listeners must be aware of the lack of external peer review and incomplete coverage of information. There are also risks inherent to distant learning, including depersonalisation of medical education. We describe the roles that podcasts now play in neurological education, exploring some of the ways that they can be used to enhance neurological training both as a learner and educator and giving our top tips, based on our own experiences, for anyone keen to add to the expanding field of available podcasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of technology has made it easier for humans to communicate. Communication is a process of conveying and receiving symbols that contain a meaning, whether in the form of information, thoughts, knowledge or other forms. The researcher conducted a study related to a RCTV "Wewara" Program in preserving Cirebon Local Wisdom. The purpose of this research is so that all people and readers know the importance of maintaining local wisdom and cultural communication from an area that we live in, besides that the researcher wants to know more about the process, principles, and editorial policies of the Cirebon language contained in the "wewara" news broadcast program. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method, by conducting an interview and conducting a direct observation in the field. The results of this study show that the agenda setting agenda in RCTV's "Wewara" Program in Preserving Cirebon Local Wisdom gives birth to three stages, namely the process of problem identification (problem stream), policy determination (policy stream) and finally the political process (political stream). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although video affective content analysis has great potential in many applications, it has not been thoroughly studied due to limited datasets. In this article, we construct a large-scale video affective dataset with danmu (VAD). It consists of 19,267 elaborately segmented video clips from user-generated videos. The VAD dataset is annotated by the crowdsourcing platform with discrete valence, arousal, and primary emotions, as well as the comparison of valence and arousal between two consecutive video clips. Unlike previous datasets, including only video clips, our proposed dataset also provides danmu, which is the real-time comment from users as they watch a video. Danmu provides extra information for video affective content analysis. As a preliminary assessment of the usability of our dataset, an analysis of inter-annotator consistency for each label is conducted using weighted Fleiss’ Kappa, regular Fleiss’ Kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient, and percent consensus. Besides, we also perform a statistical analysis of labels and danmu. Finally, video affective content analysis is conducted on our dataset and three typical methods (i.e., TFN, MulT, and MISA) are leveraged to provide benchmarks. We also demonstrate that danmu can significantly improve the performance of the video affective content analysis task on some labels. Our dataset is available for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Joint Commission standards for titrated infusions require specification of maximum rates of infusion. This practice has led to the development of protocolized maximum doses that can be overridden by provider order ("soft maximums") and to dose caps that cannot be superseded ("hard maximums"). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of and attitudes towards dose capping of norepinephrine. Methods: A 20-item cross-sectional survey assessing norepinephrine dose capping practices, perceptions of norepinephrine protocols, and respondent and practice site demographics was distributed electronically to the mailing list of an international medical podcast. Responses were stratified according to use of weight-based dosing (WBD) or non-WBD of norepinephrine. The primary objective was to characterize norepinephrine dosing practices including protocolized maximum doses and/or dose capping. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively, with P <.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The survey was completed by 586 physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and advanced practice providers. WBD was used by 51% and non-WBD by 47%. A standardized titration protocol was reported by 65% and dose capping was reported by 19%. The protocolized maximum dose ranged from 20-400 mcg/min for respondents using non-WBD (median [interquartile range] 30 [30-50]) and ranged from.2-10 mcg/kg/min for respondents using WBD (1 [.5-3]). The dose cap was 50 (40-123) mcg/min with non-WBD and 2 (1-3) mcg/kg/min with WBD. Conclusions: An international, multi-professional survey of critical care and emergency medicine clinicians revealed wide variability in norepinephrine dosing practices including maximum doses allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, there has been substantial interest and research activity surrounding the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for post-filtering in video coding. Most current research efforts have focused on using CNNs with various kernel sizes for post-filtering, primarily concentrating on High-Efficiency Video Coding/H.265 (HEVC) and Versatile Video Coding/H.266 (VVC). This narrow focus has limited the exploration and application of these techniques to other video coding standards such as AV1, developed by the Alliance for Open Media, which offers excellent compression efficiency, reducing bandwidth usage and improving video quality, making it highly attractive for modern streaming and media applications. This paper introduces a novel approach that extends beyond traditional CNN methods by integrating three different self-attention layers into the CNN framework. Applied to the AV1 codec, the proposed method significantly improves video quality by incorporating these distinct self-attention layers. This enhancement demonstrates the potential of self-attention mechanisms to revolutionize post-filtering techniques in video coding beyond the limitations of convolution-based methods. The experimental results show that the proposed network achieves an average BD-rate reduction of 10.40% for the Luma component and 19.22% and 16.52% for the Chroma components compared to the AV1 anchor. Visual quality assessments further validated the effectiveness of our approach, showcasing substantial artifact reduction and detail enhancement in videos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In medicine, stigmatization pertains to both afflicted individuals and diseases themselves but can also encompass entire medical fields. In regard to demographic change and the rising prevalence of oncological diseases, palliative care will become increasingly important. However, palliative care faces multiple stigmas. These include equating of palliative care with death and dying. A timely integration of palliative care would have the potential to alleviate symptom burden, diminish the risk of overtreatment, and thus save healthcare-related costs. Several interventions have been developed to destigmatize palliative care. However, they have mainly focused on the general public. Aim: The aim of this work is to develop a theoretical framework for an interventional campaign targeted at young adults to systematically destigmatize palliative care. Methods: The basis for the development of the campaign is a systematic review conducted by our working group that assessed the perception and knowledge of palliative care of young adults aged 18 to 24 years. To design a possible intervention, the Intervention Mapping approach was used. Results: The target group of young adults can be effectively reached in secondary schools, vocational schools, and universities. The target population should be able to discuss the content of palliative care and openly talk about death and dying. At the environmental level, palliative care should be more present in public spaces, and death and dying should be freed from taboos. Within an intervention with palliative care experts and patients serving as interventionists, these changes can be achieved by incorporating evidence-based methods of behavioral change. Conclusions: An early engagement with palliative care could contribute to the long-term reduction of stigmas and address the demographic shift effectively. A multimodal intervention approach comprising knowledge dissemination, exchange, and media presence provides an appropriate framework to counter the existing stigmatization of palliative care within the peer group of young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, recommender systems—which provide personalized recommendations by analyzing users' historical behavior to infer their preferences—have become essential tools across various domains, including e-commerce, streaming media, and social platforms. Recommender systems play a crucial role in enhancing user experience by mining vast amounts of data to identify what is most relevant to users. Among these, deep learning-based recommender systems have demonstrated exceptional recommendation performance. However, these "black-box" systems lack reasonable explanations for their recommendation results, which reduces their impact and credibility. To address this situation, an effective strategy is to provide a personalized textual explanation along with the recommendation. This approach has received increasing attention from researchers because it can enhance users' trust in recommender systems through intuitive explanations. In this context, our paper introduces a novel explainable recommendation model named GCLTE. This model integrates Graph Contrastive Learning with transformers within an Encoder–Decoder framework to perform rating prediction and reason generation simultaneously. In addition, we cleverly combine the neural network layer with the transformer using a straightforward information enhancement operation. Finally, our extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of GCLTE in both recommendation and explanation. The experimental results show that our model outperforms the top existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the representation of transgender individuals in Indian cinema after 2018, with a focus on the impact of streaming platforms. It discusses the traditional stereotypes associated with transgender characters in Bollywood films and how these have started to shift since the decriminalization of homosexuality. The article emphasizes the role of Over-The-Top platforms in promoting LGBTQ+ policies and mass sensitization. It also provides a case study of the film "Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui" to illustrate how post-2018 Indian cinema addresses transphobia. Overall, the article highlights the increasing popularity of queer-themed movies in India and their contribution to promoting diversity and inclusion. [Extracted from the article]

This study critically examines the public's perception of Florence Nightingale's legacy through a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of digital media, specifically podcasts and YouTube. Nightingale, who is often remembered as "The Lady with the Lamp", holds a complex identity within modern narratives that is celebrated for her pioneering contributions to nursing and public health, even if there are some disagreements about her, given the colonialist setting that may have shaped some of her opinions and decisions. This research employed CDA to analyze 25 podcasts and 18 YouTube videos, which were systematically included according to a priori inclusion criteria. The study synthesized how these media products portray Nightingale and, by extension, shape public discourse about the nursing profession. The findings reveal five thematic representations of Nightingale: as a legendary figure, a modern feminist, a dedicated statistician, a pioneer in public health, and a pivotal STEM contributor. These portrayals challenge traditional nursing stereotypes by emphasizing Nightingale's role as a rigorous scientist and reformer, suggesting broader perceptions of nurses that encompass leadership, analytical skills, and strategic thinking. The study supports the hypothesis that digital narratives significantly influence the public's understanding and appreciation of nursing, advocating for a more nuanced professional identity that integrates traditional caregiving roles with critical and analytical capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z's members are considered to have a strong preference for streaming and on-demand media only. This article is dedicated to Generation Z and comes to investigate the triptych of attitudes, opinions, and behaviors regarding radio and music preferences of its members in Greece through an Internet survey. The research data were collected through a web-based questionnaire, while for the analysis, descriptive and inductive statistics were applied from and through Internet applications and services. The research results and findings confirm previous empirical studies and research regarding the radio, the genealogical characteristics, habits, and ethos of Generation Z as well as that Generation Z can also be characterized as a sound generation. Finally, these research results and findings are considered encouraging and could be leveraged primarily by the radio media ecosystem with the aim of reorganizing or decentralizing the radio for its future form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of distributed streams on viewer engagement. Using the difference-in-differences (DiD) method, viewer engagement is analyzed based on whether the stream contains game updates. The research dataset contains 2,063 videos randomly selected from 130 streamers from January to March 2024. This study investigates the relationship between streaming releases and viewer engagement by tracking daily viewer growth and controlling for variables such as streaming account age, number of past followers, and number of existing videos. Research results show that streaming media that reflects game updates can initially increase viewer engagement, a key performance indicator that supports decision making. This study contributes to the management accounting and accounting information system literature by emphasizing the need for management control systems to incorporate viewer engagement metrics. This integration aids in making informed decisions within the streaming industry and highlights the critical role of data analytics in improving performance. Data Availability: Data will be made available on request. JEL Classifications: L82; L86; M31; O33. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global Anglophone culture of the twenty-first century has seen a popular resurgence of serialized fiction not witnessed since the English-language apogee of the Victorian serialized novel, as embodied in the monthly packets of chapters published by Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, George Eliot, Anthony Trollope, and others. This time around, it is weekly televisual and streaming installments that debut the eagerly awaited episodes and seasons of our culture's most influential long-format narratives. Despite any residual disrespect for television/streaming as a cultural medium, this transposition of serial narratives from print to screen does not always entail a reduction or simplification of fictive narratives' literary capacity for implicit socioeconomic critique, or for subtle and illuminative registers of the era's political unconscious. There is no Anglophone televisual series of the 2020s that better illustrates the potential of long-format streaming narrative to parallel the critical power of the best Victorian serial novels than showrunner Jesse Armstrong's Succession (HBO, 2018 – 23). The aim of this essay is to ground an interpretation of Succession in the thematic and formal homologies that it shares with the best nineteenth-century serial novels in general, and Trollope's The Way We Live Now (1873 – 74) in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent video text spotting methods usually require the three-staged pipeline, i.e., detecting text in individual images, recognizing localized text, tracking text streams with post-processing to generate final results. The previous methods typically follow the tracking-by-match paradigm and develop sophisticated pipelines, which is an not effective solution. In this paper, rooted in Transformer sequence modeling, we propose a simple, yet effective end-to-end trainable video text DEtection, Tracking, and Recognition framework (TransDeTR), which views the VTS task as a direct long-range temporal modeling problem. TransDeTR mainly includes two advantages: (1) Different from the explicit match paradigm in the adjacent frame, the proposed TransDeTR tracks and recognizes each text implicitly by the different query termed 'text query' over long-range temporal sequence (more than 7 frames). (2) TransDeTR is the first end-to-end trainable video text spotting framework, which simultaneously addresses the three sub-tasks (e.g., text detection, tracking, recognition). Extensive experiments on four video text datasets (e.g., ICDAR2013 Video, ICDAR2015 Video) are conducted to demonstrate that TransDeTR achieves state-of-the-art performance with up to 11.0 % improvements on detection, tracking, and spotting tasks. Code can be found at: https://github.com/weijiawu/TransDETR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media live streaming, in the form of live video and user stories, is widely used by influencers, organisations and individuals to connect with their audiences. Its popularity is well-established in a range of theoretical and managerial contexts. However, there is a lack of scholarship on the role of this phenomenon on consumer decision-making. Filling this gap in the research is essential due to the importance of consumer decision-making in marketing and brand strategy development in organisations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore and outline the nature of the influence of live stream on the consumer decision-making. The study was part of a 12-month Netnography consisting of participant observation and social media monitoring of brand pages and branded hashtags on social media platforms, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Instagram. A thematic analysis revealed five main themes and a conceptual model is proposed which outlines the social media live stream's influence on consumer decision-making at each stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on abortion‐related crowdfunding campaigns found that they are impacted by stigma around abortion and rarely successful. This paper analyzes crowdfunding activity in the US following a leak of the Supreme Court decision in Dobbs. V. Jackson Women's Health Organization, a time period that saw increased financial support of abortion access funds. Crowdfunding campaigns that included "abort" or "abortion" and were created between May 2 and November 8, 2022 were recorded from the GoFundMe and GiveSendGo crowdfunding platforms. These campaigns were reviewed for whether they were US based and sought funding where abortion was used as a justification for support. Included campaigns were assigned a campaign recipient type: (1) Organizations providing abortion access; (2) Organizations seeking legal protection for abortion; (3) Individuals seeking abortion access; (4) Organizations seeking to reduce abortion access; and (5) Individuals with needs resulting from choosing not to access abortion. The authors also identified four types of rationale for supporting these campaigns. Following a leak of the Dobbs decision, 398 abortion‐related crowdfunding campaigns in the US raised over $3.8 million from over 50,000 donations. Campaigns supporting abortion access organizations raised higher median amounts than organizations seeking to reduce abortion access. Individuals seeking abortion access raised higher median amounts than individuals who chose not to terminate a pregnancy. In a reversal from pre‐Dobbs crowdfunding, abortion access campaigns tended to outperform other abortion‐related campaigns. It is not clear how long‐lived this change in support will be and campaigners remain vulnerable to changes in platforms' content moderation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children in care and care leavers have worse health outcomes than their peers without care experience. This study addresses an evidence gap in exploring care-experienced young people's views and experiences of accessing general practice and dental services and attending health reviews in England. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using podcasting as a creative medium. We recruited young people from two sites: one in South England (A) and one in greater London (B). We held two paired discussions in site A and two focus groups in site B, with 14 participants in total. Participants were aged between 13 and 22 years and were diverse in gender, ethnicity, and care experiences. Data were analysed thematically using candidacy theory as a theoretical framework. Results: Mental health was a prevailing concern for participants, but general practice was not considered a place to discuss it. Most participants reported distant relationships with primary healthcare professionals and considered opening-up to a professional to be risky, for example, it could result in an unknown/unwanted outcome. A lack of time and personal connection in appointments, and experiences of feeling judged, dismissed, or misunderstood, hindered young people's ability to disclose mental health or relationship concerns. Participants reported variation in the timeliness and location of services, with salient examples of extensive waiting periods for braces. Participants perceived annual health reviews to be largely inconsequential. Conclusions: Any primary care presentation by a care-experienced young person should trigger additional professional curiosity. To build rapport and trust, professionals should not underestimate the power of active listening, being reliable and honest, and small acts of thoughtfulness, for example, ensuring medical letters are provided promptly. Carers and other trusted professionals should help care-experienced young people to understand the role of primary care and support them with access. Health reviews may not be of value to all young people in care. Further research is needed to examine primary healthcare access for care-experienced young people with significant safeguarding and healthcare needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using pre- and post-semester surveys in a large lecture classroom focusing on social justice, human rights, and the media, this study measures the change in students' beliefs regarding the importance of social justice issues, how media represents social justice issues, and whether students believe that their participation matters. The course was designed to move students beyond understanding to action, thus encouraging them to become involved in societal change. Discussion, understanding, and action cultivated a critical pedagogy/communication activism pedagogy environment. A significant difference was noted in whether the students considered social justice issues "a big problem." There was also a significant difference from the beginning to the end of the semester in whether the students believed their participation mattered in social justice movements. Findings show that critical and communication activism pedagogy is possible in a large lecture classroom and that students' beliefs, knowledge, and allyship can be converted into actionable efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental distress is on the rise for young people, and there are high levels of unmet need for support. Increasingly, young people are engaging with online mechanisms of support to avoid cost and wait times; however, online support does have its limitations. We surveyed young people, 15–30 years of age, in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore their views of digital support for mental health. The aim of this study was to find out from young people what they thought about various types of online support and perceived benefits and drawbacks. Methods: A cross‐sectional online survey promoted through social media advertising was used. Participants included anyone aged 15–30 years living in Aotearoa New Zealand. The survey ran for 10 weeks between February and May 2022. It included demographic questions and asked about (i) use of digital support for mental health; (ii) what digital support is best used for; (iii) best ways of publicising mental health supports to young people; and (iv) where they would choose to get information about mental health support. Questions were a mix of forced choice and free text. Participants could opt to take part in a follow‐up interview. Results: Surveys were completed by 1471 participants; two respondents participated in an interview. A total of 641 participants had used digital support before (44%). The most used forms of digital support were websites (n = 324) and watching videos (n = 260), although these were not necessarily rated as the most helpful. Alternatives that people most wanted to try were podcasts and phone or video consultations with a counsellor or therapist. Drawbacks of digital support included privacy concerns, technical issues, lack of quality and motivation requirements. Benefits included ease of access, anonymity and a non‐threatening starting point. Conclusions: Digital support has a place in mental health care, but strong sentiment was expressed in favour of real‐life support. It may also be worth investing in more innovative types of digital support such as online performing arts and podcasts. Patient or Public Contribution: A group of young people were recruited as co‐researchers, had input into survey design, data analysis and interpretation and are co‐authors (list of co‐authors). Survey respondents also included young people with lived experience who are members of the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the flicker problem faced by vehicle streaming media rearview mirror under LED signal light environment, meanwhile, considering the impact of rapid local image motion and complex edge textures on image restoration, a real-time flicker mitigation system based on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the constraint conditions of the flicker pixels are established according to the features of flicker images such that the flicker region are efficiently detected through three consecutive frames. Then, a motion estimation algorithm based on neighborhood images groups is proposed, the image matching criterion is improved, and the neighborhood images vectors is clustered to enhance image inpainting effect in complex scene. Finally, a parallel pipeline processing architecture for video data streams is designed based on the ZYNQ(ZYNQ-7000 All Programmable SoC) platform to achieve system acceleration. The experimental results show that the proposed system can satisfy the real-time processing requirement of 800x480 resolution and 30 fps video, and has good mitigation effect on flickering images in complex scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review critically examines the need to incorporate critiques of urban, middle‐class, Hindu, upper‐caste mediated regulation of transgender mobility within media analyses of transgender representation in contemporary films and other streaming (OTT) media in India. The essay explores how the real and imagined/narrative mobility of marginalized groups, such as Dalit women, Muslim women, sex workers, and transgender communities, has been historically disciplined by the cultural and political practices of the upper‐caste Hindu middle class family. Material‐discursive practices of this class upper‐caste, middle‐class Hindu family shape and get shaped by gendered and caste‐coded interests of neoliberal productivity and heteropatriarchal respectability, determining the ideal geographies of the city and the relational cartographies of the nation. Films and media also get influenced by and shape these discursive practices by prioritizing a middle‐class sense of place in their worldmaking efforts. The narrative schema of such cultural production designs the movement of characters in such a way that they move in directions considered recognizable, legible and acceptable for the Indian middle class family. The primary aim of this review is to delineate the literature on spatial imaginaries of the middle class family and how the cultural practices of this class imagine and render legible the marginalized, allowing for a critical analysis of the co‐production of middle‐class spatial control and transgender visibility in cultural texts like that of contemporary streaming media. Furthermore, this study explores the emplacement of the marginalized as evident in critiques of representations of Dalit, Muslim, and sex worker communities in Indian cinema, emphasizing the necessity of applying similar analyses to trans representation. This spatially sensitive critique is crucial for understanding transgender struggles in India, highlighting the importance of examining middle‐class spatial imaginaries that shape trans representation and the politics of regulated transgender (im)mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While globally operating SVoDs have discovered identity-based diversity as a branding strategy, diversity has a longer history and broader meaning in public service media (PSM) tied to the foundational ideals of universality and pluralism that oblige PSM to speak to all members of a society and to offer diverse programmes and viewpoints. We investigate: How are these two understandings of 'diversity' expressed 1) in legal and policy requirements to the PSM, 2) in strategy papers and audits issued by PSM, 3) in the presentation and exposure of content in VoD interfaces? And 4) How can PSMs' practice around diversity on VoD be tracked methodologically? The article examines these questions by comparing: BBC iPlayer (UK), DRTV (Denmark) and ARD Mediathek (Germany). A document analysis examines how legal remits and strategies governing these institutions talk about diversity. We analyse the presentation and exposure of 'diversity' in VoD content via longitudinal datasets that document the three VoD landing pages daily between early 2022 and late 2023, recording the position of every programme title at the VoDs' front pages, as well as deck titles. We test four approaches to this dataset: Spotting diversity in deck titles, looking for content tagged as diverse on IMDb and by Chat GPT, calculating diversity of exposed content with the Gini-Simpson-Index and assessing diversity through a manual coding of deck titles and sampling content displayed in selected decks. The article shows how differently diversity can be conceptualised and operationalised in VoD practice and concludes that multi-dimensional methodological approaches are needed. This article is a report on different publishing strategies for 'diversity content' in PSM VoD interfaces; a discussion of the conflicting relation between public service ideals and the notion of identity-based 'branded diversity' of globally operating VoDs; and a contribution to developing methods for monitoring diversity on VoD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented growth of video-on-demand (VOD) streaming platforms has brought both new optimism and new complications to concerns around screen 'diversity'. To what extent have major global and smaller regional VOD platforms invested in screen diversity, at the level of genres, languages, country-of-origin, social representation or creative labour? Just how 'diverse' are the catalogues of VOD services? How is this content represented to audiences and made discoverable through platform interfaces and recommendation systems? How might this vary across the major US-based services, compared with smaller and more niche platforms, or with local broadcaster VODs, or with national public service VODs? This introduction to a special collection on diversity in the streaming era surveys recent developments in screen and media studies scholarship that attempt to address these questions. In doing so, we examine how streaming platforms are addressing diversity at the levels of industry, policy, texts, technologies and audiences. At each level, we observe different definitions, operationalisations, and practices of 'diversity' that are informed by a range of disciplinary theorisations, policy histories and priorities, and national and regional contexts, all of which come to intersect with each other in new and challenging ways in the VOD era. In conclusion, we argue that to properly respond to the problem of 'diversity', research on screen diversity and on VODs must engage with these diverse dimensions of 'diversity'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to an emerging field of research on the classification and organisation of film and television on streaming video platforms. While scholarship has begun to grapple with the complexities of the streaming video landscape, critical frameworks have yet to be established for examining issues of LGBTIQA+ inclusion in this context. This article explores questions about what queer media is in the streaming video era and how is this shaped by the information practices of streaming video services. Classification and organisation of titles is a significant factor in the discoverability of content on streaming video platforms. In the context of queer media, classification practices also impact the visibility of marginalised LGBTIQA+ identities, communities, and cultures. Beyond this, the categorisation practices of streaming video providers play a significant role in shaping and communicating cultural values about queer media. From an Australian vantage point, this article maps the contours of queer media in the streaming video environment, focusing on Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) and Broadcast Video on Demand (BVOD) services. By investigating the categories that streaming video providers use to organise and highlight LGBTIQA+ film and television, this article identifies how queer media is defined as a cultural category through use of labels such as 'pride', the categories and subcategories that approach queer media as a constellation of niche interests, and an underlying emphasis on 'good' characters and positive LGBTIQA+ narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]