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Background: The therapeutic modalities for nonmetastatic rectal cancer are presently undergoing major changes. The standard treatment is multidisciplinary, combining radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. The aim of this minireview is to provide an update on the place of organ preservation in the treatment of nonmetastatic rectal cancer in 2022. Main text: The multimodal strategy based on initial radiochemotherapy followed by radical surgery with excision of the mesorectum has improved oncological results but at the expense of morbidity and sequelae altering life quality. The strategy of rectal preservation has been proposed since the 2000s after the publication of the results of the Brazilian study that proposed a simple surveillance after radiochemotherapy without surgery in good responders. In fact, preoperative radiochemotherapy was able to obtain a complete histological response in 10 to 30% of case. In view of this non-negligible percentage of tumor sterilization, which may well increase with the standardization of total neoadjuvant treatment, a strategy of organ preservation can be proposed in these patients to avoid morbidity and postoperative sequelae. Short conclusion: This nonoperative approach is currently widely studied in certain patients who have a complete response (clinical, endoscopic, and radiological). However, the selection of these patients is not simple and still complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Second to urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent epithelial neoplasm of the bladder, accounting for an approximate 3-5% of bladder tumors in Western countries. We systematically reviewed our experience with squamous cell carcinoma of bladder within a period of 5 years in order to study epidemiological characteristics, treatment modalities and patient outcome. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of seven patients with SCC of the bladder treated at our Radiotherapy and Oncology Department from 2008 to 2012. Results: In our collective, a male predominance with a ratio of 2/1 was observed. The average age at diagnosis was 58 years. The average consultation time was 1-year. The reason for consultation was hematuria in all patients, associated in most cases with irritative signs as pollakiuries. All patients underwent cystoscopy with biopsy. All pure SCCs were muscle invasive carcinoma with a staging of at least T3. Radical cystectomy was treatment of choice in tree cases. Adjuvant treatment was conducted in the tree patients administering either postoperative local irradiation or chemotherapy (methotrexate/cisplatin, gemcitabine/ cisplatine). Two patients inoperable had received a combined radio-chemotherapy exclusive with three cycles of Cisplatin and pelvic irradiation of 60 Gy. The other two patients were very thirsty and had received palliative care. The median overall survival for patients with pure SCC was 7 months. Conclusion: Our data underline the individuality and poor prognosis of squamous cell cancerous lesions of the urinary tract. The histogenesis of pure SCC of the bladder is not conclusively defined. Further studies are needed in fundamental, histopathological and molecular research while clinicians should undertake combined efforts in order to optimize the treatment of patients with rare urological tumor entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was to describe epidemiology, clinical profile and treatment outcome of patients who received conservative treatment in breast cancer. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study about 319 cases of conservative treatment of breast cancer who were treated from January 2008 to December 2010 and followed until November 2013. Analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and the calculation of survival by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Median age was 48 years. In 92.8% of cases, the sign was a palpable nodule. According the TNM 2009, cancers were classified after surgery, pT1 in 40.4% of cases, pT2 in 56, 4%, pT3 in 2.5%. In 48.1% lymph node involvement (pN+) has been reported. According to the histological type, invasive ductal carcinoma was noted in 89.3% of cases. Grades II and III of SBR were predominant (78.8%). Hormonal receptors were positive in 72.7% of cases and the HER2 positive in 26%. Lumpectomy followed by quadrantectomy were the main types of surgery with 80% and 11% respectively. About 90, 5% of patients received chemotherapy. The most commonly used protocols were AC60 and AT50 respectively 47% and 12.5%. All patients received external beam radiotherapy (46 Gy) followed by boost (15-20 Gy) to the tumor bed or brachytherapy (79.5%), electrons (11.4%) or photon (9.1%). Aesthetic results were judged by 75% of cases. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen or aromatase- inhibitors was prescribed in 57.7% of patient. Average follow-up time was 54 months in our study. The overall survival was 92.5% and the disease-free survival was 82.8%. Conclusion: Conservative treatment remains the most desired in the treatment of breast cancer treatment option. Oncologic and aesthetic results are encouraging in our series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]