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Pancreatic cancer remains a significant health issue with limited treatment options. The tumor stroma, a complex environment made up of different cells and proteins, plays a crucial role in tumor growth and chemoresistance. Targeting tumor stroma, consisting of diverse non-tumor cells such as fibroblasts, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, and also pre-vascular cells is encouraging for remodeling solid cancers, such as pancreatic cancer. Remodeling the stroma of pancreas tumors can be suggested as a strategy for reducing resistance to chemo/immunotherapy. Several studies have shown that phytochemicals from plants can affect the tumor environment and have anti-cancer properties. By targeting key pathways involved in stromal activation, phytochemicals may disrupt communication between the tumor and stroma and make tumor cells more sensitive to different treatments. Additionally, phytochemicals have immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties, all of which contribute to their potential in treating pancreatic cancer. This review will provide a detailed look at how phytochemicals impact the tumor stroma and their effects on pancreatic tumor growth, spread, and response to treatment. It will also explore the potential of combining phytochemicals with other treatment options like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic manufacturing has emerged as a promising eco-friendly approach to synthesize lipid-based nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. This study presents the novel ultrasonic preparation of lipid nanocarriers loaded with Scutellaria barbata extract, repurposed for anticancer and antibacterial use. High-frequency ultrasonic waves enabled the precise self-assembly of DSPE-PEG, Span 40, and cholesterol to form nanocarriers encapsulating the therapeutic extract without the use of toxic solvents, exemplifying green nanotechnology. Leveraging the inherent anticancer and antibacterial properties of Scutellaria barbata, the study demonstrates that lipid encapsulation enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of the extract, which is vital for its therapeutic efficacy. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the increase in size and successful encapsulation post-loading, along with an augmented negative zeta potential indicating enhanced stability. A high encapsulation efficiency of 91.93% was achieved, and in vitro assays revealed the loaded nanocarriers' optimized release kinetics and improved antimicrobial potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to the free extract. The combination of ultrasonic synthesis and Scutellaria barbata in an eco-friendly manufacturing process not only advances green nanotechnology but also contributes to sustainable practices in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The data suggest that this innovative nanocarrier system could provide a robust platform for the development of nanotechnology-based therapeutics, enhancing drug delivery efficacy while aligning with environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer holds the position of being the primary cause of cancer‐related fatalities on a global scale. Furthermore, it exhibits the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer. The survival rate within a span of 5 years is less than 20%, primarily due to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in less effective treatment options compared to earlier stages. There are two main types of primary lung cancer: nonsmall‐cell lung cancer, which accounts for approximately 80%–85% of all cases, and small‐cell lung cancer, which is categorized based on the specific type of cells in which the cancer originates. The understanding of the biology of this disease and the identification of oncogenic driver alterations have significantly transformed the landscape of therapeutic approaches. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes through diverse molecular mechanisms. Among these lncRNAs, lncRNA H19, initially identified as an oncofetal transcript, has garnered significant attention due to its elevated expression in numerous tumors. Extensive research has confirmed its involvement in tumorigenesis and malignant progression by promoting cell growth, invasion, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the aberrant overexpression of lncRNA H19 and the molecular pathways through which it contributes to the advancement of lung cancer. The findings of this review highlight the potential for further investigation into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, offering promising avenues for future research. Significance Statement: Since today the role of different long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of various cancers has been determined to some extent, our aim is to investigate the role of lncRNA H19 in the progression of lung cancer. It is hoped that with a comprehensive review of past studies, this lncRNA can be used as a target for identifying and treating this cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With growth the Coronavirus disease the proposing and delivery of effective drugs is an important challenge in world. Here, potential and ability of Mn-doped nanostructures to transfer of Cimetidine are examined by computational models. The ΔGadsorption and recovery time for interactions of Cimetidine with Mn-doped nanostructures are calculated by computational models. The Mn adoption of nanostructures are increased the Ecohesive values and so Mn-doped nanostructures have the more negative Ecohesive values than nanostructures. The Eadsorption for Cimetidine-Mn-doped nanostructures in possible positions are valuable and negative values. The Eadsorption of Mn-BNNT (8, 0) to Cimetidine adsorption are higher than other nanostructures. The nanotubes have more negative Eadsorption than Mn-B36N36 and Mn-Si72 to Cimetidine adsorption. The nanotubes have higher ΔGadsorption to Cimetidine than nanocages. The water is increased the capacity of Mn-doped nanostructures to deliver the Cimetidine. Finally, based on calculated Eadsorption and ΔGadsorption it can be concluded the Mn-doped nanostructures have high capacity to Cimetidine delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A major worldwide health issue is the rising frequency of resistance of bacteria.Drug combinations are a winning strategy in fighting resistant bacteria and might help in protecting the existing drugs.Monolaurin is natural compound extracted from coconut oil and has a promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus.aureus. This study aims to examine the efficacy of monolaurin both individually and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods: Agar dilution method was used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against S.aureus isolates. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect morphological changes in S.aureus after treatment with monolaurin. Conventional and Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect of beta-lactamase (blaZ) gene and its expressional levels after monolaurin treatment. Combination therapy of monolaurin and antibiotics was assessed through fractional inhibitory concentration and time-kill method. Results: The antibacterial activity of monolaurin was assessed on 115 S.aureus isolates, the MIC of monolaurin were 250 to 2000 µg/ml. SEM showed cell elongation and swelling in the outer membrane of S.aureus in the prescence of 1xMIC of monolaurin. blaZ gene was found in 73.9% of S.aureus isolates. RT-PCR shows a significant decrease in of blaZ gene expression at 250 and 500 µg/ml of monolaurin. Synergistic effects were detected through FIC method and time killing curve. Combination therapy established a significant reduction on the MIC value. The collective findings from the antibiotic combinations with monolaurin indicated synergism rates ranging from 83.3% to 100%.In time-kill studies, combination of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics produced a synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study showed that monolaurin may be a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus, and may be an outstanding modulator of β-lactam drugs. The concurrent application of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics, exhibiting synergistic effects against S. aureus in vitro, holds promise as potential candidates for the development of combination therapies that target particularly, patients with bacterial infections that are nearly incurable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the performances of Zn-doped nanotubes and Zn-doped nanocages to delivery of Triazavirin as drugs of Coronavirus disease is examined. The ΔGadsorption and recovery time for complexes of Triazavirin with Zn-C48, Zn-Si48, Zn-CNT (5, 0) and Zn-SiNT (5, 0) are calculated by theoretical methods. The ΔGadsorption of complexes of b, d, f, h including the Triazavirin-Zn-C48, Triazavirin-Zn-Si48, Triazavirin-Zn-CNT (5, 0) and Triazavirin-Zn-SiNT (5, 0) in water are -3.46, -3.61, -4.28 and -4.40 eV, respectively. The τ of complexes of b, d, f, h including the Triazavirin-Zn-C48, Triazavirin-Zn-Si48, Triazavirin-Zn-CNT (5, 0) and Triazavirin-Zn-SiNT (5, 0) in water are 55.16, 58.52, 62.06 and 67.07 s respectively. Finally, the Zn-SiNT (5, 0) and Zn-CNT (5, 0) have high potential to Triazavirin delivery and these nano-structures can propose to use as deliver of important drugs of Coronavirus disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the potential of Zn doped carbon nanostructures and Zn doped silicon nanostructures to catalyze the OER and ORR processes is investigated by theoretical methods. The O*, H*, *OH, *OOH, O2 and H2O species are adsorbed on Zn-CNT(5, 0) and Zn-SiNT(5, 0). The potential-determining steps on catalysts are *OH removal and *OOH formation. The overpotential of ORR are 1.01, 0.96, 1.13 and 1.10 V, respectively. The H2O is adsorbed on Zn-C70, Zn-Si70, Zn-CNT(5, 0) and Zn-SiNT(5, 0) catalysts physically. The H2O can desorb on on Zn-C70, Zn-Si70 and Zn-CNT(5, 0) catalysts, easily. The overpotential for OER are 1.15, 1.09, 1.25 and 1.20 V, respectively. The Zn-SiNT(5, 0) catalyst has lower overpotential values than Zn-C70, Zn-Si70 and Zn-CNT(5, 0) catalysts. The Zn-SiNT(5, 0) with acceptable catalytic activity is proposed to catalyze the ORR and OER processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diyala Journal of Medicine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite being historically renowned as a significant date producer, both the Arab world and Iraq have experienced a noticeable decline in date palm production in recent years. This decrease in output can be attributed to the sluggish integration of advanced techniques that could enhance and maintain high-quality yields. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the Al-Rabee station on date palm cultivar Khastawi under the randomized complete blocks design with three replications, to study the effect of four treatments of bagging: B0 - Without bagging, B1 - Rocklin, B2- Agryl and B3 - Paper bags and four bagging periods: T0 - 0, T1 - 40, T2 - 50 and T3 - 60 days, and their interactions on the fruits characteristics of date palm cv. Khastawi. The results showed that T1B3 treatment gave the highest values in fruit set (86.55%), while T3B2 treatment was superior in respect to fruit weight (7.260g), seed weight (0.6300g), fresh weight (6.630g) and fruit diameter (1.8533cm). The lowest values of fruit characteristics were recorded in the control treatment. Therefore, we recommend using bagging fruits to improve fruit set, bunch yield and fruit quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicines are natural remedies derived from plants or plant extracts. They have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine and are still widely used today as alternative treatments for various health conditions. In this study, the antiviral effects of the volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula angustifolia were examined separately after identifying the constituents of the volatile oils of these two plants. Two plants, Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula angustifolia, grown in the open air, were collected from the surrounding plains of Mirny and Ust-Ilimsk cities in Russia, respectively. Using a Clevenger apparatus, the oil was independently extracted from each plant by distillation with water. By using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the obtained volatile oil was examined. The antiviral effects of these two plants' essential oils were then studied independently on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). These viruses can quickly multiply on HeLa or HEp-2 cancer cells and produce effects that specifically cause cytopathic effect. In the essential oil of the Lavandula angustifolia, 24 compounds including thymol, carvacrol, p-Cymene and caryophyllene were identified. In the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris, 27 substances including terpenin-4-L, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and sabinene were identified. Also, the antiviral effects of the volatile oil of these two plants were investigated separately with a concentration of 10-4 on HeLa cells infected with HSV-1, and the result was negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06–42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15–3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06–1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03–3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC50 range of 0.231 ± 0.01–7.592 ± 0.40 µM and 0.323 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 2b, 2c, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5h, and 5i on the active site of DNA gyrase (PDB: 2XCT) confirmed their ability to form stable complex with the target enzyme like that of ciprofloxacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aims to assess the ability and the safety of fasting among patients who underwent PPCI within two specified periods. Methods: This study was a Retrospective Cohort Study with a convenience sample size of 200 consecutive patients who were divided into two groups based on the duration of their last primary PCI for an attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the start of the month of Ramadan. The patients were admitted to the Causality Department of the Surgical Specialty Hospital-Cardiac Center, Erbil/Iraq. Group I included patients undergone PPCI 6 weeks or less before the start of Ramadan while group II included patients undergone PPCI for more than 6 weeks before the start of the fasting month of Ramadan. Furthermore, each of these two groups was subdivided based on their ability to complete the Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) with no recurring or worsening of symptoms into those who fasted the whole Ramadan month, those who did not fast, those who could not continue fasting, and those who passed away. At the end of the RIF, patients' symptoms were recorded along with their status according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA). Results: In a comparison of the proportion of fasting and non-fasting patients among the two groups, 14% in group I were able to complete the 30 days of intermittent fasting during the Ramadan month while this percentage in group II was 54% (P-value = 0.001). Among our findings, there were significant associations between post-PCI symptoms (exertional shortness of breath and palpitations) and RIF (P-values = 0.001 and P-values = 0.004, respectively). With regards to New York Heart Association (NYHA) classifications assessment, Group I had a higher proportion of patients classified as Class III and Class IV compared to Group II (P-value = 0.001) meaning patients were more symptomatic during the lesser interval between the start of the fasting month and the primary PCI. Conclusion: Patients with PPCI within the first 6 weeks after the procedure, as well as patients with NYHA class III, are at a higher risk for health deterioration and are advised not to observe RIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geometric process is one of the important simple monotonic processes with a positive ratio parameter in the theory of stochastic processes. Simply, it can be thought of as a generalization of the renewal process (RP). In the current paper, we mainly study the geometric process with the Hjorth marginal distribution, with parameters θ and λ, for being able to model the successive inter‐arrival times with a trend. We first examine inference problem for the mentioned process from different perspectives and obtain the different estimators of its parameters by employing different estimation methods such as maximum likelihood, modified moments, modified maximum spacing, and modified least‐squares. The efficiencies of these estimators are compared via a series of extensive simulation studies in the paper. Further, we give also a discrimination statistic for discriminating among geometric processes with the Hjorth distribution and its alternatives. This is quite important to select the optimal geometric process model for data. Finally, a modeling study by using the geometric process with the Hjorth distribution is provided in detail to display its effectiveness to model the reliability data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of new neodymium zinc tellurite glasses in the form [(TeO2)0.70 (ZnO)0.30]1−x (Nd2O3)x and x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mol% were performed by the melt-quenching technique. The glasses' density and molar volume were measured. Also, XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopies have been measured for every glass sample. The spectra of the FTIR obtained showed IR absorption indicating the presence of TeO3 and TeO4 structural units. Direct and indirect bandgap, refractive index, metallization criterion, dielectric constants, polarizability, optical basicity, and linear dielectric susceptibility were determined and discussed. The band gap energies, Urbach energy, polaron radius, transmission coefficient, and reflection loss were determined and discussed. The values of the obtained optical parameters for the present glasses indicated that the glasses are semiconducting and possess great potential for applications such as in electronic packaging, nonlinear optics, and fiber optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mycoplasma is the smallest and simplest cell with the ability to doubled self and is unique among prokaryotes in that it lacks a cell wall. Mycoplasma is similar to Helicobacter pylori in terms of ammonia production and the induction of inflammatory cytokines from immune and non-immune cells. The current study aims to determine the role that Mycoplasma bacteria play in gastrointestinal infections such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, stomach cancer and colon cancer. The study included collecting samples from (100) patients of different ages (75-4) years, males and females, who were referred to the Neuroscience Division at Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and Basra General Hospital for the period from August 2018 - March 2019. Pathological cases were diagnosed by specialists in general and abdominal surgery, as biopsy tissue biopsies were removed from the stomach and intestine by means of forceps of the endoscope device and then placed directly in a tube containing a single-phase medium (MDCS) intended to isolate Mycoplasmas. Through the results obtained from this study it appeared that it was possible to isolate some types of Mycoplasma bacteria from the stomach and intestines, as 42 samples recorded a positive result out of 100 samples and four types of Mycoplasma bacteria were isolated with different isolation rates, these types included the following 13% M. hyorhinis and 16% M.faucium, 9% M. salivarium, and 4% M.orale. We conclude from the results of this study that Mycoplasma has an important role in gastrointestinal infections. MDCS medium is a characteristic selective medium used to isolate different types of mycoplasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, thyroid cancer accounts for some 10% of total cancer incidence, most markedly for females. Thyroid cancer radiotherapy, typically using 131I (T1/2 8.02 days; β− max energy 606 keV, branching ratio 89.9%), is widely adopted as an adjunct to surgery or to treat inoperable cancer and hyperthyroidism. With staff potentially receiving significant doses during source preparation and administration, radiation protection and safety assessment are required in ensuring practice complies with international guidelines. The present study, concerning a total of 206 patient radioiodine therapies carried out at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center over a 6-month period, seeks to evaluate patient and occupational exposures during hospitalization, measuring ambient doses and estimating radiation risk. Using calibrated survey meters, patient exposure dose-rate estimates were obtained at a distance of 30-, 100- and 300 cm from the neck region of each patient. Occupational and ambient doses were measured using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters. The mean and range of administered activity (AA, in MBq) for the thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism treatment groups were 4244 ± 2021 (1669–8066), 1507.9 ± 324.1 (977.9–1836.9), respectively. The mean annual occupational doses were 1.2 mSv, that for ambient doses outside of the isolation room corridors were found to be 0.2 mSv, while ambient doses at the nursing station were below the lower limit of detection. Exposures to staff from patients being treated for thyroid cancer were less compared to hyperthyroidism patients. With a well-defined protocol, also complying with international safety requirements, occupational exposures were found to be relatively high, greater than most reported in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori affects more than half of the world’s population and causes many diseases in humans, such as gastritis, duodenum and peptic ulceration, which may develop into gastric cancer and cancer of the Mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma. The treatment of these bacteria depends on their accurate diagnosis. The aims of this study are to compare the methods that used to detect H. pylori bacteria and to determine the most accurate, fastest and least expensive diagnostic method. A total of one hundred samples were collected from patients attending the endoscopy unit. The samples divided into tissue biopsy, stool and blood samples from each patient were used to detect IgG antibodies formed against H. pylori infection, fecal samples for rapid fecal antigen detection (Step). Also, the tissue biopsy was used for bacterial transplantation and rapid urease enzyme testing. Invasive methods were compared to non-invasive to choose the most efficient method. Rapid fecal antigen testing in non-invasive methods were found to be improved in diagnosis more than in invasive methods. For the invasive methods, the rapid urease test to be the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammation in the arterial intima has the main role for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Objective: To determine the correlation between serum hsCRP levels and severity of coronary artery disease in a sample of patients referring to Surgical specialty Hospital - Cardiac center in Erbil City 2018. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 120 patients (78 male and 42 female patients) were studied who had undergone coronary angiography procedure among them 80 patients (57 male and 23 female) had Coronary artery disease and the remain 40 patients had normal coronary angiography result. The blood samples from (120) patients were taken and transferred to the laboratory after clotting hsCRP was measured using cobas automated assay. Results: Here we detected a significant difference in the level of hsCRP between patients with coronary artery diseases and patients with normal coronary artery on angiography in addition to that fact the association for the severity of coronary artery disease and hsCRP level between single, two vessels and three vessels diseases, was statistically significant as well a finding which was comparable with other studies that detected a significant difference between hsCRP among patients with more severe coronary artery lesions. Conclusion: The study concluded that high level of hsCRP is a predictor of atherosclerosis and is wise to be done for patients as a risk factor and it is not only a predictor of coronary artery disease but it predicts it is severity as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2015 to estimate the prevalence of anti-toxopalsma antibodies in sheep and goats in El-Gadarif state. Material and methods: A total of 400 serum samples comprising of 200 sheep and 200 goats were collected and tested by Toxo-latex agglutination test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Results: The overall sero-prevalence was 52.0% (n=208/400) using Toxo-latex agglutination test and 45.7%(n=42/92) and 27.2%(n=25/92) using iELISA in sheep and goats, respectively. Furthermore, the sero-prevalences among the two investigated species and the two age groups were statistically similar but were different between localities, breeds and sexes. In the univariate analysis, species (P=0.028) and locality (P=0.001) were associated with Toxo-latex agglutination test positive status. Additionally, species (sheep) and locality (Al-Fao, Al-Hawatah, and West El-Gadarif) had increased odds of being Toxo-latex agglutination test positive in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prevalence of anti-toxopalsma antibodies is relatively high and there was no between-species variation in seropositivity. These findings warrant further investigations to estimate the burden of the disease and the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2015 to estimate the prevalence of anti-toxopalsma antibodies in sheep and goats in El-Gadarif state. Material and methods: A total of 400 serum samples comprising of 200 sheep and 200 goats were collected and tested by Toxo-latex agglutination test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Results: The overall sero-prevalence was 52.0% (n=208/400) using Toxo-latex agglutination test and 45.7%(n=42/92) and 27.2%(n=25/92) using iELISA in sheep and goats, respectively. Furthermore, the sero-prevalences among the two investigated species and the two age groups were statistically similar but were different between localities, breeds and sexes. In the univariate analysis, species (P=0.028) and locality (P=0.001) were associated with Toxo-latex agglutination test positive status. Additionally, species (sheep) and locality (Al-Fao, Al-Hawatah, and West El-Gadarif) had increased odds of being Toxo-latex agglutination test positive in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prevalence of anti-toxopalsma antibodies is relatively high and there was no between-species variation in seropositivity. These findings warrant further investigations to estimate the burden of the disease and the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]