Search

Microcarrier-based cell culture systems have gained significant attention and popularity in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this culture system, tissue cells are grown as a monolayer on the surface of small solid particles called microcarriers (100 to 300 μm), kept suspended in the culture medium by stirring. This technology has paved the way for creating engineered tissues, one of the cutting-edge topics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microcarrier-based approaches have been proposed for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in which cellular morphology and functions are maintained in vivo. This paper provides an overview of the optimal characteristics such as microcarriers' size, shape, density and porosity. Various methods of preparation of microcarriers and surface modification techniques have been elaborated. Recent advances and applications of microcarriers in biotechnology fields, like the production of viral vaccines and recombinant proteins, culture and expansion of stem cells (SC), are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to the escalating challenges posed by climate change, the United Nations (UN) proactively formulated the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR-2015- 2030) as a comprehensive strategy for disaster risk management (DRM). This framework delineates four priority action objectives, seven global targets, and a set of guiding principles aimed at mitigating the impact of disasters. Notably, each of the seven SFDRR targets is intricately linked with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-2030). Given that natural disasters, such as floods, continue to hinder a country's social and economic progress, achieving long-term development becomes challenging. Both frameworks prioritize initiating and investing in innovation, involving all of society's stakeholders, to build a risk-informed and people-centered disaster-resilient society. However, a research gap exists regarding the relationship between Social Innovation (SI) and disaster risk preparedness. To address this, the present study conducts an in-depth literature review and content analysis focused on SI and flood preparedness. The study also aims to offer strategic recommendations for adopting SI to improve preparedness against dam-related flood risks, aligning with SFDRR targets and SDGs-2030. The study's findings are valuable for academia, policymakers, flood risk management agencies, at-risk communities, and stakeholders. By shedding light on the role of SI in flood risk preparedness, the research contributes to existing knowledge and enhances understanding of SI in the context of disaster risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and machine learning (ML) has the potential to significantly enhance the productivity and profitability of traditional fish farming. Farmers using traditional fish farming methods incur enormous economic costs owing to labor-intensive schedule monitoring and care, illnesses, and sudden fish deaths. Another ongoing issue is automated fish species recommendation based on water quality. On the one hand, the effective monitoring of abrupt changes in water quality may minimize the daily operating costs and boost fish productivity, while an accurate automatic fish recommender may aid the farmer in selecting profitable fish species for farming. In this paper, we present AquaBot, an IoT-based system that can automatically collect, monitor, and evaluate the water quality and recommend appropriate fish to farm depending on the values of various water quality indicators. A mobile robot has been designed to collect parameter values such as the pH, temperature, and turbidity from all around the pond. To facilitate monitoring, we have developed web and mobile interfaces. For the analysis and recommendation of suitable fish based on water quality, we have trained and tested several ML algorithms, such as the proposed custom ensemble model, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), bagging, boosting, and stacking, on a real-time pond water dataset. The dataset has been preprocessed with feature scaling and dataset balancing. We have evaluated the algorithms based on several performance metrics. In our experiment, our proposed ensemble model has delivered the best result, with 94% accuracy, 94% precision, 94% recall, a 94% F1-score, 93% MCC, and the best AUC score for multi-class classification. Finally, we have deployed the best-performing model in a web interface to provide cultivators with recommendations for suitable fish farming. Our proposed system is projected to not only boost production and save money but also reduce the time and intensity of the producer's manual labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional knowledge pertaining to Islands is crucial in combating climate change. Many scholars have examined the usage of traditional knowledge amongst Island communities. However, studies regarding traditional knowledge from the stance of Island dwellers on monitoring and responding to climate change in Terengganu, Malaysia, are scarce. Therefore, this study assessed the mediating impact of adaptive capacity on the relationship between traditional knowledge use (i.e., cultural beliefs, cultural practises, and personality traits) and the economic wellbeing of Island residents in Terengganu in light of climate change. This cross-sectional study deployed the survey questionnaire method by involving 354 Redang and Perhentian Island communities selected via purposive sampling. The two Islands were selected due to their size and topographical features. The collected data were analysed via structural equation modelling–partial least square (SEM-PLS) by using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The findings revealed that two traditional knowledge dimensions (i.e., cultural belief and cultural practice) were correlated in a significantly positive manner with the economic wellbeing of the two Island communities due to climate change, while personality traits did not exert any impact. Next, adaptive capacity mediated the link between the personality traits and the economic wellbeing of the communities in the two Islands. In conclusion, this research work succeeded in examining the use of traditional knowledge and the mediating impact of adaptive capacity on the correlation between traditional knowledge and economic wellbeing of the communities dwelling in Redang and Perhentian Islands in view of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemoglobin (Hb) Malay is a common β hemoglobinopathy in Malaysia caused by A > G mutation in codon 19 leading to β+-thalassemia phenotype. However, screening for Hb Malay is challenging as it is undetectable by routine capillary electrophoresis (CE) or high-performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) methods. This study aimed to determine the Hb Malay phenotypes. The study was done on 521 cases with presumed β thalassemia from UKMMC and Hospital Selayang as well as confirmed Hb Malay cases from Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah in over a 5-year period. Hb analysis using CE or HPLC followed by multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were performed. Significant differences in mean values of haematological parameters among Hb Malay carriers against β thalassemia carriers were determined using one-way ANOVA and ROC analysis. A total of 482/521 cases of β globin mutations were identified. Among these, 54 Hb Malay cases were identified whereby 21 Hb Malay cases were from UKMMC and Hospital Selayang whilst 33 Hb Malay cases were from Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah. Fifty-two were Hb Malay carriers whereas two cases were compound heterozygotes. The mean hemoglobin, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and HbA of Hb Malay carriers were significantly higher than β° thalassemia carriers. The HbA2 range of Hb Malay carriers was wider (3.5–5.5%) with median value of 3.9%. A new HbA2 cutoff value ≤4.6% (AUC 0.717, p < 0.001) was proposed. Compound heterozygous Hb Malay/IVS1-5(G > C) showed transfusion-dependent thalassemia phenotype. Hb Malay carriers have different red cell and electrophoretic parameters than classical β° thalassemia carriers with wider HbA2 range. HbA2 of ≤4.6% should prompt a molecular confirmation for Hb Malay carrier status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracardiac tumour is rare, and intracardiac myxoma is the most common intracardiac tumour of the heart. The majority of these tumours arise at the left and right atrium, and a presentation of such a tumour other than the mentioned is atypical and very rare. Due to the rare occurrence, clinicians often misdiagnose it as infective endocarditis especially if the tumour is located near the valves and causing outflow gradient stenosis on echocardiography. A multi-modal cardiac imaging and a multi-disciplinary approach are paramount to make a correct diagnosis and treatment strategies. We would like to report a rare case of a right ventricular myxoma of a young girl, who was initially treated with infective endocarditis, which turned out to be a rare atypical Right ventricular myxoma, which was then surgically excised. The patient was successfully discharged after 3 years of follow up echocardiography showed free of tumour recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to find out what part of human activities on the outside and inside played in the destruction of the coastal area; in this case, it examines human activities carried out by residents and sand mining entrepreneurs around the north Galesong Sea, which have an impact on change structure of land use and abrasion of coastal areas—using a quantitative paradigm with quantitative methods as the primary method and qualitative as support. The quantitative method uses a geographic approach, namely a spatial approach using a Geographic Information System in its analysis. GIS uses spatially based data, namely geographically oriented data. Data used in this study are land use maps and village shorelines. The qualitative method used descriptive case studies. Qualitative data: The population of this study is Aeng Batu village. There are two types of research samples, namely area and human samples; area samples are taken from the description of conditions when abrasion occurs and after post-abrasion repairs occur. For the human sample, the respondents were community leaders, village officials, and the community to find out the purpose of digging beach sand and dumping trash on the beach in ex-dug holes. The data is described and supplemented with photographs of actual conditions in the field—analysis techniques using analytical descriptions. In conclusion, damage to coastal land caused by human activities does not only come from mining at sea but also the activities of residents who use beach land and beach sand (for residential construction and garbage disposal), the physical shape of the beach, the damage is exacerbated by high rainfall, wind, and waves, especially during the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Given a lack of data on diabetes care performance in Malaysia, we conducted a cross-sectional study to understand the clinical characteristics, control of cardiometabolic risk factors, and patterns of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who were managed at publicly-funded hospitals between December 2021 and June 2022. Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with T2D from eight publicly-funded hospitals in the Greater Kuala Lumpur region, who had ≥2 outpatient visits within the preceding year and irrespective of treatment regimen, were eligible. The primary outcome was ≥2 treatment target attainment (defined as either HbA1c <7.0%, blood pressure [BP] <130/80 mmHg, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] <1.8 mmol/L). The secondary outcomes were the individual treatment target, a combination of all three treatment targets, and patterns of GDMT use. To assess for potential heterogeneity of study findings, all outcomes were stratified according to prespecified baseline characteristics namely 1) history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD; yes/no) and 2) clinic type (Diabetes specialist versus General medicine). Results: Among 5094 patients (mean±SD age 59.0±13.2 years; T2D duration 14.8±9.2 years; HbA1c 8.2±1.9% (66±21 mmol/mol); BMI 29.6±6.2 kg/m2; 45.6% men), 99% were at high/very high cardiorenal risk. Attainment of ≥2 treatment targets was at 18%, being higher in General medicine than in Diabetes specialist clinics (20.8% versus 17.5%; p = 0.039). The overall statin coverage was 90%. More patients with prior ASCVD attained LDL-C <1.4 mmol/L than those without (13.5% versus 8.4%; p<0.001). Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (13.2% versus 43.2%), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) (1.0% versus 6.2%), and insulin (27.7% versus 58.1%) were lower in General medicine than in Diabetes specialist clinics. Conclusions: Among high-risk patients with T2D, treatment target attainment and use of GDMT were suboptimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The use of gadgets is increasing day by day, from children to adults. The use of gadgets certainly has a positive impact and also a negative impact. Children who are still in school will feel the effects of gadget use. The use of gadgets in proper control will have a good effect on the child's growth and development process. But on the other hand, excessive use of gadgets will affect children's development. In addition, it will also affect the social conditions of children in everyday life. Purpose This study aims to determine how much the relationship between the duration of gadget use and students' concentration ability. Gadgets at this time are not a foreign thing, wise use of gadgets will provide benefits for users. The use of gadgets in different durations will have a different impact on their use. Method. The method used in this research is quantitative. Quantitative methods characterized by the use of numbers in the process will help measure the data obtained. Data collection is in the form of distributing questionnaires made in the form of google from. This will make it easier and shorten the time for collection. Google from contains several questions that will be responded to by teachers and students. The statements presented are matters relating to the relationship between gadget use and student concentration. Results. The results of this study explain the relationship between the duration of gadget use and students' concentration levels. Using gadgets wisely in time management will give the impression of not being too dependent and focus is maintained. However, excessive intensity of gadget use will have an impact on student health. Students will fail to focus on learning, even students will experience mental health problems. It takes the right strategy in using gadgets, such as setting the duration of use, access permissions, and many more. Conclusion his study can be concluded that the duration of gadget use in students will affect the level of concentration. The duration of use that is controlled and not excessive will make students concentrate more. However, excessive use of gadgets and no control from parents or teachers will adversely affect student concentration which will deteriorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - This study assesses the effectiveness of Business Continuity Plans (BCPs) and records management practices within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Selangor. The primary objective is to determine the integration of records management into BCPs and identify the current development stage in SMEs' processes. Methodology/Technique - The research comprehensively examines Selangor SMEs' BCPs and records management practices. This multiple case study investigated the extent to which Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Selangor implemented business continuity management. Through document reviews and interviews with business owners and continuity managers, the study examined the integration of records management within continuity plans and assessed the impact on overall organizational resilience. Finding - The research excluded SMEs outside Selangor, focusing on managerial-level respondents from the records and information system department. The findings reveal a varied landscape, with some SMEs having well-established processes while others are still in the developmental stage. Notably, the research emphasizes the importance of identifying vital records within organizations to maintain essential operations and comply with regulatory requirements. Novelty - The study also underscores the need for regular BCP revisions and effective communication strategies to disseminate plans to employees. Moreover, it highlights the significance of including expertise in BCPs to enhance disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Klagison River in Sorong City is used by the sand mining industry to dispose of liquid waste. Consequently, turbidity and sedimentation occurred. This study aimed to analyze the water quality, heavy metal concentrations in sediments, and the relationship between the two. The sampling points were determined using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis included the pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and correlation analysis. The TDS value of the Klagison River ranged from 126 to 168 mg/L and turbidity range of 19.98 to 724 NTU. The analysis results pollution load index showed that the sediment with a PLI value of 0.557 was neither polluted nor lightly polluted. Index geoaccumulation showed Cr and Cu values of 100% (Igeo < 0), while Mn and Fe were 80% unpolluted (Igeo < 0) and 20% unpolluted or mildly polluted (0 < Igeo < 2). The concentrations of Cr, Mn, and Fe had a negative correlation with the water quality parameters of TDS and turbidity. The concentration of Cu has a positive correlation with the water quality parameters, TDS, and turbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

. Disaster management, whether natural, man-made, or health-related, is integral to library management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the preparedness and response of academic libraries to the disruption of library services during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper presents qualitative findings from multiple case studies conducted at academic libraries in Malaysia. The data were subsequently subjected to thematic analysis. The results disclose how Academic Libraries expanded/modified their public service policies in response to the disaster, particularly the Covid-19 pandemic. Changes in roles in the provision of services and facilities that are more necessary during a disaster are shared by library managers and can serve as benchmarks for other libraries to implement as necessary. Academic libraries in Malaysia are perceived to have a strategy and their own plans to respond to a disaster crisis, but they lack a formal disaster management plan. This study's findings provide several significant practical contributions for library professionals to ensure the continuity of their services in the event of a disaster. It can also serve as a baseline for policymakers preparing disaster response policies, guidelines, or manuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) can be presented as a paraneoplastic syndrome in primary malignancies involving the lung and brain. However, the development of SIADH in primary thymic carcinoma is poorly documented. We report a case of an elderly, with an initial presentation of symptomatic persistent hyponatremia as a paraneoplastic syndrome of SIADH with an incidental finding of anterior mediastinal mass confirmed on imaging. Further investigations are consistent with the diagnosis of poorly differentiated locally advanced thymic carcinoma with lung infiltration (T3N1Mx). The patient underwent an En-bloc total thymectomy and subsequently completed adjuvant chemotherapy and further follow-up showed a complete resolution of hyponatraemic SIADH. In conclusion, SIADH may be presented as a paraneoplastic syndrome in primary thymic carcinoma and early detection of thymic malignancy is paramount to ensure early diagnosis and prognostication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse engineering is an extraction process of design data from an existing product in order to get its 3D model by data acquisition method. This type of engineering is often applied in software engineering, biomedical field, and parts restoration. The main reasons for implementing reverse engineering are due to obsolete parts, unavailable spare parts and the absence of documentation design.. The objective of the work is to reproduce an automotive part utilizing a 3D printer from data acquisition and CAD model. The reverse engineering technique in this work involves data acquisition, surface and model construction, post-processing and fabrication of the final product. One of the equipment in the non-contact method, the 3D scanner is used to extract design data from the master part. Then, the scanned model is transferred to Solidworks in order to reconstruct the missing features in the model. The findings show that the reverse engineering technique used in this work can reproduce the automative part which is near net-shape of the master part. However, the CAD model require some surface and model reconstruction due to data loss during the conversion of information from scanning data to CAD data. After the final product is fabricated using a 3D printer, it is compared with the master part in terms of the difference of dimensions found between them. Besides, the data loss occurred throughout data acquisition is also discussed in this work. As a conclusion, reverse engineering should be the best alternative to reproduce an object without any design details provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a repository of REE, the Paleoproterozoic phosphorite of the Aravalli Basin in India is explored time to time. Paleoproterozoic phosphorite deposits of the Sallopat sub-basin Banswara district of the Aravalli Supergroup show moderate REE concentrations much lower than that of average marine phosphorites. Different ratios and PAAS-normalized REE distribution patterns reflect MREE enrichment over LREE and HREE in these phosphorites. MREE enrichment confirmed by (Sm/Yb)N versus (Sm/Pr)N relationship and attributed to the selective uptake by cyanobacteria and mixing of riverine inputs. Y/Ho, La/Ce and Er/Nd ratios confirm that the REE in Sallopat phosphorites might have been affected by the argillaceous terrigenous and plagioclase-rich sediments probably derived from Banded Gneissic Complex. Diagenetic modeling indicates that REE were concentrated during early diagenetic processes with limited weathering influence. Moderate negative to low Ce anomaly depicts oxic to sub-oxic conditions of seawater due to oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ whereas Eu3+ reduced to Eu2+ indicating positive Eu-anomaly and reducing conditions as well during the deposition. These anomalies may be due to the stratified restricted marine environment of upwelling and mingling of organic-rich anoxic deep water with oxic upper seawater prior to the formation of phosphorite deposits in the embayment. Enrichment of REE in Sallopat phosphorite relies on various physico-chemical conditions. These phosphorites may have been formed in restricted marine water which was influenced by extra clastic sediment input carried out by fluvial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive urbanization is considered to be one of the causes of population density that eventually triggers the creation of slums in a city. Slums are synonymous with poverty, crime, low education, and lack of infrastructure, making the area segregated from the formal urban space. Settlement communities have difficulty accessing facilities in the formal urban space. This study aims to formulate the elements that form the integration of slum areas. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The four stages in this SLR method are (1) identification; (2) screening; (3) eligibility; and (4) inclusion. A total of 62 articles were reviewed in this study. The results of this study are nineteen elements that form the integration of slum areas seen from physical and socio-economic aspects. If physical aspects include road network, accessibility, distance, public transportation, visual, public open space, periphery, settlement pattern, infrastructure, topography, and orientation, the socio-economic ones refer to local wisdom, background, social networks, types of activities, community empowerment, the sense of belonging, economic networks, and local economic empowerment. It is presumed that the results of this study can be used as guidelines for structuring slums so that they do not become marginalized areas or separate from formal urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akademika is the property of Akademika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the concern of being a nation and state, Pancasila is kalimatun sawa' (common platform) for Indonesian. As a common platform, Pancasila values are bases for nation in living with others. The values are basically taken from public agreement in which derives from various cultures and faiths lives of nation cultural wealth. The case is the values of Pancasila (can also be read: Indonesian values) are not yet fully integrated in nation's faiths. On the other hand, Pancasila confronts marketable transnational and radical ideologies among youth generation as well as Moslem students as the major nation generation. The abandoned ideological philosophy and socio-politic phenomenon would replace Pancasila, and it will not anymore be strong nation ideology and philosophy. Consequently, concept design and Pancasila study are highly required for moslem youth generation as well as moslem students to integrate Islamic vision and nationality. Finally, the study would give Pancasila study design which integrates both Islamic values and Indonesian values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tropical Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis is the property of Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Members of Aquilaria Lam. (Thymelaeaceae) are evergreen trees that are widely distributed in the Indomalesia region. Aquilaria is highly prized for its unique scented resin, agarwood, which is often the subject of unlawful trade activities. Survival of the tree is heavily threatened by destructive harvesting and agarwood poaching, leading to its protection under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Unfortunately, an efficient species identification method, which is crucial to aid in the conservation efforts of Aquilaria is lacking. Here, we described our search for a suitable specific DNA barcode for Aquilaria species using eight complete plastome sequences. We identified five highly variable regions (HVR) (matK-rps16, ndhF-rpl32, psbJ-petA, trnD, and trnT-trnL) in the plastomes. These regions were further analyzed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to assess their ability at discriminating the eight species. Coupled with in silico primer design, two potential barcoding regions, psbJ-petA and trnT-trnL, were identified. Their strengths in species delimitation were evaluated individually and in combination, via DNA barcoding analysis. Our findings showed that the combined dataset, psbJ-petA + trnT-trnL, effectively resolved members of the genus Aquilaria by clustering all species into their respective clades. In addition, we demonstrated that the newly proposed DNA barcode was capable at identifying the species of origin of six commercial agarwood samples that were included as unknown samples. Such achievement offers a new technical advancement, useful in the combat against illicit agarwood trades and in assisting the conservation of these valuable species in natural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Handwashing can prevent diarrhea-related illness and respiratory infections, such as a cold or the flu. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured intervention program on knowledge and practice of hand washing among preschool children. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in threetime phases among 32 preschoolers aged between 3 to 6 years old in Kedah. The same questionnaire was delivered at each phase and they underwent the intervention program of hand washing. Their performance in hand washing was measured and evaluated using a questionnaire and checklist. Results: The results of the study revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in mean preschoolers' children score on knowledge and practice before and after participated in the intervention program. Conclusion: Overall, preschoolers' knowledge and practice of handwashing were significantly (p<0.05) improved by the intervention program. However, as the participants were young children, it is important to emphasize the consistency of reinforcement of knowledge and regular practices of hand hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous prior studies claimed that social enterprises had a beneficial effect (social impact) on addressing society's social problems. However, there is little evidence to support that statement. How well is this enterprise able to give an impact on solving social problems? Does it have any indicators that can prove the validity of its social impact? Therefore, this study aims to explore the literature review on social enterprise and their social impact, as well as to identify a few measurements to assess the social impact. Hence, the writing of this article was conducted based on reviewing the published literature including articles and journals which are relevant to the topic that can be accessed through online databases. Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar have been used for searching the articles needed. The search terms include "social enterprise" OR "social business" OR "social entrepreneurship" AND "Social impact" OR "measuring impact" OR "social impact measurement". This conceptual paper was motivated to get a deeper understanding of the social impact measurement employed by social enterprises. From the discussion, we have clearly defined the definition of social impact from different perspectives, including the importance of measuring the social impact among social enterprises has also been discussed briefly. Reviewed articles revealed that there is a wide range of methods for measuring social impact but in this article, we are focusing on three approaches only there are: balanced scorecard (BSC), social return on investment (SROI), and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in this paper. This study summarises that measuring the social impact is becoming an essential determination for social enterprises as the key indicators of their performance to the communities or to the potential investors or funders. The study also suggests recommending further study of the social impact measurements that need to be discussed in depth and detail. This study's hope can attract more academicians to stimulate more research on this topic, specifically in measuring methods from Malaysia's perspective. The implication of this study forms a clear understanding of the social impact and a few of the measurements that can be used in measuring the impact of social enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to: 1) examine the influence of transformational leadership on employee creativity, 2) examine the influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation, 3) examine the influence of employee creativity on organizational innovation, 4) examine the influence of transactional leadership on organizational innovation mediated by employee creativity. This research was conducted on employees of the Kendari City Local Government. The population of the study is the state civil apparatus that has positions in local government agencies totaling 1132 people. The sample determination size used the Slovin formula with five percent precision, so that the sample amounted to 296 respondents. Data collection methods using questionnaires. The research model uses a structural assessment model so that the research data is analyzed using Smart PLS ver 3. Research results: 1) transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee creativity, 2) transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational innovation, 3) employee creativity has a positive and significant effect on organizational innovation, 4) transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational innovation mediated by employee creativity. Organizations that implement transformational leadership will develop the creative ideas of employees, and employees who have creative ideas will pour in service applications as a form of organizational innovation to provide excellent service and satisfaction to service users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To expand the genomic information of Hypericaceae, particularly on Cratoxylum, we characterized seven novel complete plastid genomes (plastomes) of five Cratoxylum and two of its allied taxa, including C. arborescens, C. formosum subsp. formosum, C. formosum subsp. pruniflorum, C. maingayi, C. sumatranum, Hypericum hookerianum, and Triadenum breviflorum. For Cratoxylum, the plastomes ranged from 156,962 to 157,792 bp in length. Genomic structure and gene contents were observed in the five plastomes, and were comprised of 128–129 genes, which includes 83–84 protein-coding (CDS), 37 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. The plastomes of H. hookerianum and T. breviflorum were 138,260 bp and 167,693 bp, respectively. A total of 110 and 127 genes included 72 and 82 CDS, 34 and 37 tRNA, as well as four and eight rRNA genes. The reconstruction of the phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees based on the concatenated CDS and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences that were analyzed separately have revealed the same topology structure at genus level; Cratoxylum is monophyletic. However, C. formosum subsp. pruniflorum was not clustered together with its origin, raising doubt that it should be treated as a distinct species, C. pruniflorum based on molecular evidence that was supported by morphological descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agarwood is a valuable aromatic resinous wood that is biosynthesised when a fungal attack injures the healthy wood tissue of the Aquilaria tree. The magnitude of infection related to sap flow (SF) is one of the most critical functional traits to evaluate the tree's response to various adverse conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of sonic tomography (SoT) and sap flow meter (SFM) in studying the influence of inoculation fungi Pichia kudriavzevii Boidin, Pignal and Besson, and Paecilomyces niveus Stolk and Samson, on deteriorated wood (Dt) and SF rate in Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. A. malaccensis trees with small, medium, and large diameters were inoculated with each fungus separately at the bottom, middle, and top positions of the tree and the area of sapwood was measured after 6, 12, and 24 months to stimulate the agarwood formation. Furthermore, the SF rate was assessed using SFM in the position of the selected trees. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in Dt% and SF rate between inoculated and uninoculated trees. The Dt percentage in trees inoculated with P. kudriavzevii, P. niveus, and control trees was 25.6%, 25.7%, and 15.0%, respectively. The SF rate was lower in P. kudriavzevii, with 207.7 cm3/h, than in the control trees, with 312.9 cm3/h in the small-diameter class. In summary, the results of this study emphasise the importance of inoculation duration (24 months) and the effects of water conductivity, especially tree diameter class (small), on the biosynthetic response of resinous substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between malocclusion and respiration has been debated for decades. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess dental occlusion in relation to mouth breathing and different types of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue obstruction in children. Settings and Design: This was a cross‑sectional study of 200 children aged between 6 and 12 years who were clinically examined and divided into two groups: mouth breathers and nasal breathers. Materials and Methods: The children were subjected to otorhinolaryngologic examination to identify the type of pharyngeal obstruction. Dental interarch relationship and pharyngeal tissue obstruction were diagnosed and appropriate cross tabulations were done. Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected were statistically analyzed using the SPSS version 15.0 software. Results: Statistically significant association was found between type of breathing and pharyngeal lymphoid tissue obstruction (P = 0.001), dental occlusion and type of breathing (P = 0.001), and pharyngeal lymphoid tissue obstruction and dental occlusion (P = 0.001). Higher prevalence of crossbite, deep bite, and ClassII malocclusion was seen in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy as well as mouth breathing habit. Conclusion: Obstructive tonsils and adenoids are risk factors for the development of malocclusion. Early detection and correction of airway obstruction can help in proper growth of the dentofacial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Use of pesticides has been linked to neurobehavioral deficits among exposed workers. In Malaysia, organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides are commonly used to control mosquito-borne diseases. Objectives This study aims to assess workers' lifetime occupational pesticide exposure and examine the relationship with neurobehavioral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 158 pesticide-exposed and 176 non-exposed workers. To collect historical exposure and job tasks, a questionnaire and an occupational history interview were used. Pesticide exposure was measured in a subgroup of workers via inhalation and skin contact. The total pesticide intake of each worker was assessed using inhalation and dermal exposure models. CANTAB® computerised neurobehavioral performance assessments were used. Results The participants' mean age was 31 (8) years. Pirimiphos-methyl (median = 0.569 mg/m3, Interquartile range [IQR] = 0.151, 0.574) and permethrin (median = 0.136 mg/m3, IQR = 0.116, 0.157) had the highest measured personal inhalation concentrations during thermal spraying. The estimated total lifetime pesticide intake for exposed workers ranged from 0.006 g to 12800 g (median = 379 g and IQR = 131, 794 g). Dermal exposure was the predominant route of pesticide intake for all workers. Compared to controls, workers with high lifetime pesticide intake had lower Match to Sample Visual (adjusted B = −1.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −2.6, 0.1), Spatial Recognition Memory (adjusted B = −3.3, 95% CI = −5.8, 0.8), Spatial Span (SSP) (adjusted B = −0.6, 95% CI = −0.9, 0.3) scores. Workers with low pesticide intake performed worse than controls (adjusted B = −0.5, 95% CI = −0.8, −0.2) in the SSP test, but scored higher in the Motor Screening test (adjusted B = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.6). Higher Paired Associates Learning test scores were observed among higher (adjusted B = 7.4, 95% CI = 2.3, 12.4) and lower (adjusted B = 8.1, 95% CI = 3, 13.2) pesticide intake groups. There was no significant difference between the Reaction Time and Pattern Recognition Memory tests with lifetime pesticide intake after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion Pesticide exposure has been linked to poorer neurobehavioral performance. As dermal exposure accounts for a major fraction of total intake, pesticide prevention should focus on limiting dermal exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Jambi city government's policy regarding the relocation of Angso Duo Market in the perspective of Angso Duo market traders in Jambi City. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, data sourced from primary data and secondary data. Data collection was carried out through observation by observing the activities of Angso Duo Market traders, interviews with Jambi city trade officials and traders, and documents in the form of government regulations, literature and other documents that support this research. Data is processed through data presentation, data reduction, drawing conclusions, and recommendations. The results showed that the implementation of the Angso Duo traditional market relocation policy from the perspective of traders, namely: additional costs incurred by traders to rent new kiosks at Angso Duo market with kiosk rental costs being more expensive than before, and costs to pay for the arid transportation costs from Pal 10 (a place for loading and unloading goods in bulk) to the new Angso Duo market location; and nd a decrease in revenue due to a decrease in the number of customers due to the emergence of a buffer market due to the location of the Angso Duo market which is far from the main road, and the difficulty of customers l finding the merchant market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the middle of December 2019, a virus known as coronavirus (COVID-19) generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARC-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of the 9th of March, 2022, spread to over 212 countries, causing 429 million confirmed cases and 6 million people to lose their lives worldwide. In developing countries like the South Asian area, alarming dynamic variations in the pattern of confirmed cases and death tolls were displayed. During epidemics, accurate assessment of the characteristics that characterize infectious disease transmission is critical for optimizing control actions, planning, and adapting public health interventions. The reproductive number, or the typical number of secondary cases caused by an infected individual, can be employed to determine transmissibility. Several statistical and mathematical techniques have been presented to calculate across the duration of an epidemic. A technique is provided for calculating epidemic reproduction numbers. It is a MATLAB version of the EpiEstim package's R function estimate R, version 2.2-3. in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. The three methodologies supported are 'parametric SI,' 'non-parametric SI,' and 'uncertain SI.' The present study indicated that the highest reproduction number was 12.123 and 11.861 on 5th and 14th March 2020 in India and Sri_Lanka, whereas the lowest reproduction number was the lowest was 0.300 and 0.315 in Sri_Lanka and India. The Maximum and minimum reproductive number of Bangladesh was 3.752 and 0.725. In this study, we have tried to point out the worst, best and current situation of SAARC countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the mediating effect of climate resilience on the relationship between socio-economic, social relationship, social environment, and sense of community with fishermen's subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive feeling, and negative feeling). This quantitative study performed a multi-stage sampling and selected 400 fishermen as respondents. For analysis purpose, this study relied on Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The structural model concluded that socio-economic, social relationship, social environment, and sense of community explained 55.4% variance in resilience. The mediating analysis confirmed the resiliency mediating effect on all twelve hypothesized relationships. A number of recommendations related to extending the areas of the study, to focus specifically on the small-scale fishermen, and to consider the inclusion of several others' additional mediating effects were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquilaria is a tropical forest tree, producer of the famed and expensive agarwood. Aggressive collection of agarwood put strain on the natural stands of Aquilaria species, sparking efforts to domesticate the tree and cultivate agarwood in plantations. However, tree domestication progress is hampered by the scarcity of genomic resources that is crucial for breeding programs. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences from eight Aquilaria species were analyzed in silico. For identification of the simple sequence repeats (SSRs), MISA PERL script which had a repeat length of 12 for mononucleotides (mono-), 6 for dinucleotides (di-), 4 for trinucleotides (tri-), 3 for tetranucleotides (tetra-), pentanucleotides (penta-), and hexanucleotides (hexa-), respectively, along with frequency were utilized. From a total of 312 SSRs that were discovered, merely 50 (16%) were found localized within the coding region while the majority (84%) were within the intergenic regions, with an average of one SSR per 4.5 kb. The mean length of the SSRs were 11.63 bp. Mono- repeats were the predominant motifs (29.2%), followed by tetra- (28.8%), di- (20.5%), tri- (19.9%), and penta- (1.6%). Whereas the most recurring motifs were A/T (97.8%) for mono-, AT/AT (87.5%) for di-, AAT/ATT (48.4%) for tri-, and AAAT/ATTT (45.6%) for tetra-. GO analysis using the REVIGO software identified four molecular functions, six biological processes and three cellular components. In conclusion, findings of this study offer a scientific foundation for future phylogenetics, evolutionary genetics, diversity studies and breeding programs on Aquilaria species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collection development policy (CDP) is an essential working tool for effective collection development activities as it provides guidelines for selection, acquisition, evaluation, and weeding of library materials. However, despite its importance in developing library collection, collection development policy (CDP) has not yet been implemented in most academic libraries in Nigerian and this has greatly affected the collection development activities of the library. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine factors that could facilitate CDP implementation in Nigerian academic libraries as perceived by academic librarians. The study employed a quantitative methodology using a survey research design. One hundred and thirty-six (I36) academic librarians were recruited from three selected academic libraries in the Northwestern zone of Nigeria using random sampling. A paper-based questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that factors that could facilitate CDP implementation are librarians' awareness of the importance of CDP, knowledge of CDP, and management support. Hence, to ensure CDP implementation in Nigerian academic libraries, the librarians must not only be made aware of the importance of CDP but must also be equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary for CDP implementation. Also, library management support is necessary for CDP implementation. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge by exploring the vital factors that could facilitate CDP implementation and tried to resolve the important issue of CDP implementation by developing a framework. This study is more important for practitioners to promote CDP implementation in Nigerian academic libraries by exercising these three factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]