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Green development, as a key link in the philosophy of new development, is the only way to achieve sustainable development. However, how science and technology (S&T) finance affects green development remains unclear. Based on panel data of 284 cities in China from 2007 to 2020, the multi-time-point difference-in-differences (DID) model and the mediation model were utilized to analyze the influencing mechanisms and paths of the S&T financial pilot policy on green development. The results show that S&T financial policy can significantly promote green development, for which green innovation (GI) capability, industrial structure advancement (ISA), and industrial structure rationalization (ISR) are important paths. Moreover, the effects of S&T financial policy on green development are heterogeneous: the policy exerts a stronger effect on the central region than on the eastern and western regions, a stronger effect on large cities than on small- and medium-sized cities, and a stronger effect on key cities than on general cities. Therefore, relevant governmental departments should continually optimize S&T financial policy; pay more attention to cities in the western region, small- and medium-sized cities, and general cities; actively foster GI capability; facilitate industrial structure transformation and upgrading; and vigorously support cross-regional exchange and cooperation to jointly realize green development. This study sheds new light on how the S&T finance related policy reform promotes sustainable growth and socioeconomic welfare in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis aims to explore the urgent need to drive a major transformation of the agri-food sector. With this, it is intended to contribute to defining strategies for the future of agri-food systems. In this sense, the dynamics and importance of the agri-food sector are examined. Scientific and technological developments in the sector are described below. Subsequently, the implications of the link between health and agri-food systems are discussed. Next, alternatives are proposed to recover, heal and improve agri-food systems and the planet. Finally, some strategies are formulated to begin the great transformation of the agri-food sector, a transformation for the life and well-being of all. With appropriate planning and management, the great transformation of the agri-food sector can be achieved and the demand for healthy, nutritious and safe foods can be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The origin of numerous inventions and discoveries that have impacted global science and technology can be traced back to ancient India. Many contemporary scholars and scientists have drawn inspiration from our ancient religious texts and epics to drive their own discoveries and advancements. The rich literature of ancient India is a treasure trove of scientific knowledge, spanning across all fields of modern science and acting as a central repository of information. The striking parallels with modern physics underscore the relevance of this knowledge, which ancient Indians during the Vedic period had already demonstrated. The objective of this study is to identify the contributions of ancient India to the development of modern physics - a detailed investigation aimed at understanding the role of ancient Indian literature. This research is a descriptive study that aims to investigate the impact of ancient Indian literature on the advancement of modern physics. The study relies on ancient Indian books, articles, and epics, as well as information from online journals and websites to identify contributions from ancient India to the development of modern physics and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This phenomenological study, conducted within the discourse on the underrepresentation of women in academia, examined the factors influencing the advancement of women academics in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Design/methodology/approach: The sample comprised twenty-one women academics from both public and private universities in Peru. Data were collected through in-depth interviews based on the women's experiences and subsequently processed using Moustakas' (1994) stages for encoding, categorization, and analysis. Findings: The study introduces a conceptual framework of nine factors – personal tastes and preferences, attitudes towards science as a vocation, care work, work–life balance, congruent gender roles, occupational segregation, lack of opportunities, low salaries, and lack of gender equality policies – that impact the career progression of women in STEM fields. Originality/value: The results offer valuable insights for policymakers and academic authorities to address the barriers affecting women academics in STEM. The uniqueness of this paper lies in its investigation in Peru, a country with the highest female labor force participation in Latin America, where women constitute the majority of undergraduate program graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Syntax Literate is the property of Ridwan Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our understanding of innovation policies has been enhanced. However, there is still a gap in conceptualizing the effectiveness of one of innovation policy's most important tools: financial incentives (FIs). Scholars developed an understanding of the effectiveness of direct versus indirect FIs, but there is no clear theoretical framework that delineates what kind of financial instruments impact what kind of innovation under what conditions. This paper analyzes the different working and operational logic of the wide array of employed FI worldwide to develop what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first conceptual framework discerning what financial tools fit what aims and contexts. This framework allows the development of testable hypotheses as well as the development of incentives tailored differently for different national innovation missions and market structures, suggesting that the growing reliance among OECD countries on indirect FIs in the form of tax incentives is less then optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Song dynasty (960–1279 A.D.) witnessed a surge of scientific and technological development, notably in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, shipbuilding and nautics, civil engineering, manufacturing, etc. At the same time, Neo‐Confucianism, which advocated 'upholding heavenly principle and annihilating human desire', flourished in Song time. The rise of Neo‐Confucianism as a conservative movement appeared fundamentally at odds with the splendid technological achievements in Medieval China. To address the question, we dismantle the notion of Neo‐Confucianism in the Song dynasty context by constructing the indices of the Neo‐Confucian spirit characterized by the pursuit of principle (li), broad learning, and scepticism on the basis of Song Confucian works recorded in the Records of Song and Yuan scholarship (Song Yuan xue an). Our results show that the popularity of Neo‐Confucianism facilitated the development of science and technology during the Song period. Using historical Confucian academy data compiled from several extensive surveys, we show that the vigorous development of the Confucian academies served as a channel to propagate the Neo‐Confucian spirit in a locality, thereby influencing the scientific and technological output of the Song era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an integrated model of household behavior, in which households derive utility not only from flow choices (of goods and leisure activities) but also from stock variables representing the status in health, psychological stress, social standing/reputation, political affiliation, religious identity, and any other status deemed relevant for their well-being. To attain the status in any of these dimensions, proper investment is necessary in accordance with a suitable mediating function that connects flow choices to the status in question. We depart from the position that statuses activate motivation, thereby affecting the efficiency of activities including working time. In particular, health not only yields utility of its own kind but also affects the productivity of households, thereby expanding their budget sets and raising the utility they attain now and in the future. Health, however, must be attained and maintained, and this has to be accomplished in accordance with a plausible health-production function defined on the space of goods and leisure activities. The same can be said about knowledge and skill acquisition, which requires investment of certain activities and goods through an appropriate mediating function. Similar relationships also hold for social, psychological, and other statuses, which can only be acquired through proper mediating functions. While the utility calculus appears complex, we demonstrate that the optimum choice of goods and leisure activities is guided by the rationality principle that requires that the composite marginal utility, defined as the total of all marginal utilities from the entire sources of utility, direct or mediated, be balanced with properly measured cost of acquiring it, which is shown to equal, the price or the wage rate on the market adjusted for a change in the efficiency of working time mediated through health enhancement and/or an increase in the productive efficiency of working hours due to knowledge and technology acquisition. Because our model includes utility arising from status-orientation in multiple dimensions, and because the extent and the range of such utility are socio-cultural-regime-specific while also being shaped by the household-specific receptivity and orientation to this regime, our model can potentially explain a diverse range of choice behavior some of which appear anomalous or even counter-intuitive to the rationality principle in the traditional sense. This added explanatory power helps close a gap between economics and other social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital civilization era, scientific and technological innovation has emerged as a crucial pathway to unleash new quality productive forces and spearhead the ascendancy of great powers. It has become a vital pillar for major nations to engage in international competition and reshape the global order. Furthermore, it acts as a key instrument to smooth out economic cycles and overcome the limitations imposed by these cycles. The rise model, marked by advanced scientific and technological innovation and a commitment to scientific self-sufficiency and enhancement, significantly boosts the viability and acceptance of China's approach to international governance. At the same time, science and technology innovation in the digital era increasingly emphasizes engineering thinking to promote the organic integration of scientific and technological knowledge and industry. The engineering ecology paradigm provides a new framework for analyzing and researching the process of evolution of industrial change and the mechanism of industrial innovation in industrial change, which can help us understand the incentives for industrial change, the opportunities for creating new industries, adapting to the change and transformation, as well as the process and mechanism of promoting the relevant policy awareness and policy formulation, so that we can understand the incentives for industrial change, create new industries, adapt to change and transformation, and promote the relevant policy awareness and policy formulation. The process and mechanism of policy understanding and policy formulation can accelerate industrial originality, industrial derivation, and industrial upgrading in the digital era. Entering the new era, it is necessary to further cultivate a new paradigm of engineering ecology that will catalyze industrial change, and continuously nurture new kinetic energy that will lead the next scientific and technological revolution and industrial change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the existence of two main perspectives on the concept of convergence. The first view assumes convergence as an epistemological, methodological and heuristic issue resulting from the confluence of scientific disciplines and technological fields. The second view emphasizes the importance of technology management and industrial application development as strategies for analyzing the technical challenges and risks associated with convergence processes in the firm. To differentiate between the two visions, 59 specialized bibliographic works selected from a theoretical sample are analyzed. The main finding of this review is the characterization of these two perspectives that, although contradictory, are part of a common conceptualization of convergence as an umbrella notion. These findings provide relevant insights for a field of knowledge under construction: policy agendas focused on fostering technological convergence should start from the differentiation of these two analytical and conceptual levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed general theory of scientific variability for technological evolution explains one of the drivers of technological change for economic progress in human society. Variability is the predisposition of the elements in systems to assume different values over time and space. In biology, the variability is basic to explaining differences and development in organisms. In economics of technical change, the effects of variability within research fields on evolutionary dynamics of related technologies are unknown. In a broad analogy with the principles of biology, suggested theoretical framework here can clarify a basic driver of technological evolution: the variability within research fields can explain the dynamics of scientific development and technological evolution. The study sees whether statistical evidence supports the hypothesis that the rate of growth of scientific and technological fields can be explained by the level of variability within scientific fields. The validation is based on emerging research fields in quantum technologies: quantum imaging, quantum meteorology, quantum sensing, and quantum optics. Statistical evidence seems in general to support the hypothesis stated that the rate of growth can be explained by the level of scientific variability within research fields, measured with the relative entropy (indicating the dispersion of scientific topics in a research field underlying a specific technology). Nonparametric correlation with Spearman's rho shows a positive coefficient of 0.80 between entropy measures and rates of growth between scientific and technological fields. The linear model of the relation between rate of growth and scientific variability reveals a coefficient of regression equal to 1.63 (R2 = 0.60). The findings here suggest a general law that variability within research fields positively drives scientific development and technological evolution. In particular, a higher variability within research fields can support a high rate of growth in scientific development and technological evolution. The proposed general theory of scientific variability is especially relevant in turbulent environments of technology-based competition to clarify a basic determinant of technological development to design strategies of technological forecasting and management of promising innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters affect multiple sectors; therefore, the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts becomes increasingly apparent. The session "Transdisciplinary Approach: Toward Innovative Recovery and Disaster Risk Reduction" aimed to explore the importance and need for a transdisciplinary approach toward advancing disaster risk reduction and recovery. The approach can provide a systematic framework for organizing knowledge and perspectives across different disciplines. Panelists from different countries presented concepts and case studies to illustrate the effectiveness and challenges of this approach. Through presentations and discussions, it was found that this approach can foster innovation and inclusiveness, and that the data generated by science and technology are crucial for the formulation of disaster risk reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since China released the Opinions on Further Promoting the Spirit of Scientists and Enhancing Work and Study Styles in 2019, the spirit of scientists has gradually become an integral part of the socialist spirit, and a high degree of attention has been devoted by the Chinese government to promoting scientists' spirit. Through a historical review and comparative analysis, particularly of the evolving role played by Chinese STM journals (science, technology and medical journals), we propose that STM journals are an important venue for promoting the spirit of scientists. On this basis, and in view of the problems and challenges faced by STM journals under the new requirements in the new era, we suggest conceptual upgrades and mindset shifts that Chinese STM journals need to make to further promote scientists' spirit. Finally, we introduce specific measures to implement these concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for urgent, structural transformations to dominant food systems is increasingly recognized in research and policy. The direction these transformations take is in great part influenced by how the problem is framed and what future pathways become seen as plausible and desirable. Scientific knowledge and the organizations producing it hold considerable authority in suggesting what alternatives are or are not worth pursuing, ultimately shaping frames and in turn being shaped by them. This paper examines Brazil's federal Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), a major contributor to technological advances that made Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse. We examine the ways in which Embrapa's leadership has framed sustainable agriculture in its public communication and the wider implications for food systems transformation. Drawing from Embrapa news articles in the period 2015–2020, we identify four interrelated frames forming Embrapa's prevalent position on sustainability. Our results show that while Embrapa promotes practices based on alternative approaches such as agroecology, its deeper framing often reflects the core assumptions driving dominant industrial food systems. This framing reinforces underlying logics of control, efficiency, and competition aligned with the productivist paradigm and excludes divergent perspectives that exist within the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapidly changing business environment, the dynamic capability of an enterprise begins with sensing and grasping technology opportunities. Considering that the knowledge gaps between science and technology hinder the exploration of technology opportunities, previous studies proposed methods to extract technology opportunities by identifying the knowledge gaps between science and technology literature. This study improves upon previous methods for identifying knowledge fields contained in the literature by introducing a deep learning-based clustering approach. This study also proposes a way to reduce experts' workloads in determining gaps in the field between science and technology literature. The key idea of the proposed method is to include technologies other than the technology in question. Additionally, pyrolysis technology can convert plastic wastes into useful materials and is considered a green technology. Therefore, this study applies our improved method to explore the technology opportunities of pyrolysis technology. The results show that our method can effectively identify technology opportunities. In the case of plastic wastes, the results show that recovering carbon fibers from plastic wastes and recycling metals from e-waste plastics are expected to be prevailing technological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology-intensive industries in China have developed rapidly since its economic reform. This article examines the role of higher education institutions (HEI s) in science and technology (S&T) in innovation and the development of technology-intensive industries in China. First, it illustrates the evolution and current status of S&T education at HEI s and their relationship to enterprises and science parks that led to China's innovation and technological development. Second, it reveals the government's role in promoting S&T education at HEI s and strengthening the relationship between universities and enterprises. Finally, it derives policy implications for developing countries in light of China's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, the space economy has seen significant shifts, welcoming new entrants and types of capital. Annual launch activity has increased, in large part thanks to the influx of private investment. This raises questions about the future development of the sector. Drawing on OECD insights within science, technology, and innovation, this policy paper examines public and private investment trends in the space economy and discusses how public policy decisions and instruments can contribute to attracting more and higher-quality private investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the recurring issue of water shortages and droughts at the Panama Canal, which has led to restrictions on ship traffic and disruptions to global trade. The construction and expansion of the canal, along with the increase in maritime traffic, have contributed to this problem. The article challenges the narrative of the canal as a triumph of human conquest over nature, highlighting the negative environmental consequences and the displacement of marginalized communities. It emphasizes the need to understand the complex relationship between infrastructure, water supply, and socioeconomic demand in order to address the issue effectively. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores whether the integration of human rights approaches, in particular, the human right to science in Article 15(1)(b) of the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, offers a basis for improving upon current approaches in international environmental law by widening democratic input and oversight in decisions involving environmental science and its applications. It examines a case study regarding the international regulation of marine geoengineering under an amendment to the 1996 Protocol to the 1972 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. The analysis focuses on how the harms and benefits of marine geoengineering research are conceived of in the amendment, and the norms and processes adopted to address them. These same issues are then examined under the human right to science, focusing on the recent interpretation of the right by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in its General Comment No. 25. It seeks to show in a particular case how international environmental law and international human rights law each bring to bear different objectives, norms, and processes in how they treat issues of environmental science and technology, and explores the benefits of more integrated approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of World Affairs is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research in science and technology is essential to determining community development because it provides creative ideas, encourages sustainable practices, and improves general well-being. The main purpose of this study was to bridge the knowledge-sharing gap between those in academia and the community within which the university finds itself by seeking the opinions of the community stakeholders on the topic that was tabled for discussion. The study was underpinned by the "social ecological systems (SES) theory". Using the interpretive paradigm approach, an exploratory design with unstructured interview guide was used to seek the views of 61 participants on the relevance of science and technology research in community development. The participants in the study were stakeholders within the Navrongo community in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Based on the analysis of the data, the themes that emerged consisted of agriculture, health, innovation and problem solving, education and knowledge transfer, and capacity building. The findings of the study revealed that integrating a novel approach with an emphasis on sustainability and inclusion would not only boost agricultural output but also make a substantial contribution to the overall well-being of communities. It was discovered by the study that if the university uses its research to improve the health conditions of the people within the community through the Schools of Public Health and Medical Sciences it will help advance the working relationship with neighbourhood clinics and by so doing will lead to a collaborative provision of health screenings, immunisations and consultations on-site. Additionally, the study also revealed that the foundation of community development is the collaboration of scientific and technological research through knowledge sharing and capacity building. The study at the end recommended that there should be a conscious effort in the area of knowledge and skill transfer with the intention of improving indigenous technology. It was also recommended that the university should use its platform to emphasise on how technology can be used to solve local problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction (DRR) 2015–2030 offers guidelines to reduce disaster losses and further delivers a wake-up call to be conscious of disasters. Its four priorities hinge on science, technology and innovations as critical elements necessary to support the understanding of disasters and the alternatives to countermeasures. However, the changing dynamics of current and new risks highlight the need for existing approaches to keep pace with these changes. This is further relevant as the timeline for the framework enters its mid-point since its inception. Hence, this study reflects on the aspirations of the Sendai framework for DRR through a review of activities conducted in the past years under science, technology and innovations. Design/methodology/approach: Multidimensional secondary datasets are collected and reviewed to give a general insight into the DRR activities of governments and other related agencies over the past years with case examples. The results are then discussed in the context of new global risks and technological advancement. Findings: It becomes evident that GIS and remote sensing embedded technologies are spearheading innovations for DRR across many countries. However, the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated innovations that use artificial intelligence-based technologies in diverse ways and has thus become important to risk management. These notwithstanding, the incorporation of science, technology and innovations in DRR faces many challenges. To mitigate some of the challenges, the study proposes reforms to the scope and application of science and technology for DRR, as well as suggests a new framework for risk reduction that harnesses stakeholder collaborations and resource mobilizations. Research limitations/implications: The approach and proposals made in this study are made in reference to known workable processes and procedures with proven successes. However, contextual differences may affect the suggested approaches. Originality/value: The study provides alternatives to risk reduction approaches that hinge on practically tested procedures that harness inclusivity attributes deemed significant to the Sendai framework for DRR 2015–2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delineates how actors invoke nationalizing accounts—accounts that turn local conditions, actions, and actors into national ones—in everyday talk. Taking the case of Japanese university scientists depicting their commercialization trajectories after the adoption of a set of policies that originated from the U.S., the article delineates how scientists stipulate what they do is Japanese. I outline the discursive practices through which they posit that the cause of others' actions, or of they themselves, derives from some kind of ethno-national distinctiveness. Interviews show how such nationalizing accounts were made through the inevitable gaps between local practices and formal global structures. Scientific and commercialization practices in Japan that deviated from the original form were explained not only through the institutional differences between the U.S. and Japan, but also through lay categories of "culture," ethno-psychology, and readily available tropes about Japanese history. In such nationalizing accounts, what the Japanese scientists did under these new, and explicitly global policies, was argued to be fundamentally Japanese because they were rooted in and caused by the ethno-national character. As new institutional theory suggests, a decoupling between formal rules and local contingencies is a hallmark of any institution. The article further shows that such decoupling could then be used as a resource for everyday nationalism. At least in some cases, the global adoption and the localization of a global form may create an opportunity to enact the nation, contributing to a discourse that posits that an imagined community is distinct and special, precisely as the world becomes more globalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reads Anna Atkins's Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions (1843–1853) as an example of Victorian imitative art by reading it through the lens of Victorian domestic handicraft. It does so in order to resituate Atkins's work within the history of scientific visualization and to contribute to the increasing complexity scholars of visual culture and of the scientific image have added to prevailing accounts of the rise of the "objective" scientific image in the nineteenth‐century. Building on the work of historians of photography, art, science, and literature, it argues that her cyanotypes point toward an alternative history of scientific image as a form of craft and collection that resonates with recent calls in the study of the scientific image and scientific practices to move "beyond representation." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FORUM is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eccos - Revista Científica is the property of Eccos - Revista Científica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Casualties of nuclear technologies are not immediate, and the populations that bear the most significant burden are too sparse to be noteworthy, especially in the case of uranium mining industries. Shaped by forms of settler colonialism – the US and Canada mine on Indigenous and First Nation reservations – effects of radioactive exposure produce slow, recursive forms of nuclear suffering as illness may take up to thirty years to manifest. This article zooms in on the case of uranium mining and the violence of the temporal lag between uranium exposure and the appearance of symptoms. It explores how this lag is critically interrogated by two contemporary artists that approach uranium mining histories as unresolved; as a series of situations whose unfolding goes on, thus going against the closure of narratives of uranium mining. Two artworks that critically engage with the slow temporality of uranium and its violent effects, and that this paper closely reads, are Bonnie Devine’s drawing series The Book of Radiance (1999) and video Rooster Rock, the Story of Serpent River and Eve Andrée Laramée’s installation Halfway to Invisible (2009). Both artists lay bare the temporal possibilities of turning our gaze away from obvious nuclear symbols, such as bombs and reactors, or what technology historian Gabrielle Hecht calls our fetishes of nuclear histories (Being Nuclear. Africans and the Global Uranium Trade), to rather engage with less obvious nuclear histories. Drawing on theoretical insights from recent scholarship in science and technology studies and art history around time, the paper emphasizes the affordances of contemporary art in redressing uranium mining as a slow and latent modality of the nuclear complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Góndola, Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias is the property of Gondola, Ensenanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose -- The global crises that emerged during the last two decades proved that economies that focus their development on demand are the most vulnerable during crises. However, development strategies depend on specific internal and external circumstances impacting development of particular country. In that sense, this research aims to identify how digitalization, science and technology, and ICT trade impact globalization in market and transition economies. Research methodology -- Authors employed the PLS-SEM methodology on available dataset for 32 European economies. Findings -- According to the findings, digitalization is the factor that has the highest positive impact on globalization in market economies, while ICT trade has the greatest positive impact on globalization in transition economies. Science and technological advancements have a diverse impact. The MGA results stressed out the difference between these groups even more clear. Research limitations -- The presented model does not consider country-level analysis of globalization. Practical implications -- The study is providing theoretical and empirical base for strategy and policy development in the globalization domain in line with economy character. Originality -- The value of the research is found in contributing to the globalization topic in market, and particularly in transition economie that lack empirical research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores aspects of the Soviet atheistic regime that contributed to the formation of the religious imaginary of believing Ukrainian and Lithuanian scientists born in 1930–1960s. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, most of them did not accept Orthodox, Catholic, or other institutional religions, but instead created their own privatized religious patterns, using science-related elements in their imaginary. This distinguished them from the other national groups participating in the study. In the article, I propose an interpretation for this phenomenon. I analyze 29 in-depth interviews of a larger sample and focus on the biographies of the older cohort of natural scientists from Lithuania and Ukraine to show how the Soviet political and normative context supported their science-based imaginary. This allows us to draw some parallels concerning secularization—gradual in the West but forced in the Soviet case—and the role of science in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asia-Pacific countries are facing growing risks from water-related disasters that are being exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, population growth, and development activities. Effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) are crucial for building quality-oriented societies. This study proposes approaches to DRR and CCA by examining cases and approaches from a special session at the 9th International Conference on Flood Management. This session was held to follow up on the Kumamoto Declaration adopted at the 4th Asia-Pacific Water Summit in Kumamoto in April 2022, and demonstrated the determination of heads of states and governments to resolve water issues in the region. The recent disaster cases in Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Indonesia highlight the unprecedented scale of water-related disasters. These countries have developed integrated structural and non-structural measures as fundamental solutions, including planning supported by scientific evidence, institutional reforms, and capacity building. However, there is a need to prioritize and strengthen urban planning and land use regulations for effective DRR and CCA. The Kumamoto Declaration emphasized three critical approaches: science and technology, finance, and governance, while the session clarified the effectiveness of these approaches. Leveraging science and technology can help societies develop and implement effective strategies to mitigate climate risks and safeguard vulnerable populations and ecosystems. However, there is a significant investment gap for flood protection, estimated at USD 64 billion per year. Thus, financial arrangements must be established. Meanwhile, good governance is essential for collaboration between local bodies, national governments, and international assistance. Such governance can leverage green infrastructure as a key solution and promote disaster resilience that is both locally driven and nationally relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As Minister of Industries in Cuba between 1961 and 1965, Che Guevara addressed the challenge of increasing production and labour productivity in conditions of underdevelopment and in transition to socialism, without relying on capitalist mechanisms that undermine the formation of new consciousness and social relations integral to socialism. Under capitalism, Guevara noted, competition for private profit drives the application of science and technology to industrial development, revolutionising the productive forces. Socialist governments must find alternative methods. To these ends, Guevara set up nine research and development institutes, focussing on sugar cane derivatives, minerals and metals, the chemical industries, agricultural by-products, the mechanical industry, technological innovations, and automation. He established an institutional framework to begin experimentation at different ends of the production chain simultaneously. The short-term results were inevitably limited, but more significant than the productive achievements attained was the methodology introduced, the application of science and technology to production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document - the final output of the OECD KNOWINTAX project - provides an integrated view on income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation and advances the existing OECD evidence in this area in three ways. It brings together the latest evidence on the adoption, design, generosity, cost and take-up of income-based tax incentives, and gives new insights into both the long-term and short-term trends in the cost and takeup of IBTIs and role of policy design changes. Furthermore, it explores the scope for developing indicators that provide a more complete picture of the value of expenditure- and income-based tax relief for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document reports on the final output of the OECD microBeRD+ project. Drawing on the outcomes of previous work, this study presents new evidence on the impact of business R&D support policies - tax incentives and direct forms of support - on business R&D investment (R&D input additionality) and the innovation and economic performance of firms (R&D output additionality). The report also provides an exploratory analysis of R&D spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The missionaries' engagement with science and technology in colonial Kenya (1887–1963) is evidentially seen through the use of the post-industrial revolution's breakthroughs of the eighteenth century, which included: advancement in science and mass production, steam engines, and the rise of digital technology. The tendency to rely heavily on post-industrial innovations and inventions were critical in fast-tracking their missiological discourses, which included scriptural translations, publishing, and the use of printing machines. These were critical in generating instructional materials and especially the Bible, which was produced in the local indigenous languages by 1952, and by encouraging technical-science education after primary school, among other methods. Although the concept of science and technology is largely attributed to the scientific breakthroughs of the twenty-first century, we argue that this concept was also evident in both the African indigenous society and in the missionary era. The widespread use of the phrase 'science and technology' is further seen in the missionary enterprises since they founded or supported the establishment of technical schools that offered electrical engineering, plumbing, carpentry, masonry, mechanical engineering, and training in medicine and the establishment of dispensaries and hospitals, among other relevant activities. Methodologically, the research article endeavours to review the European missionary societies, especially the Protestant wing, in its aim to understand their engagement with science and technology, and to determine if there conflict between Western science and the indigenous systems. The data was gathered through a review of existing literature, archival sources, unpublished materials and other oral sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the smartphone contributes to the co-production of security through an analysis of Covid-19 contact-tracing apps. Building on existing research in security studies that mobilizes the science and technology concept of co-production, the article proposes the notion of 'appropriation' as a concrete way of extending our understanding of the public/private co-production of security. Appropriation highlights how consumer technology may be repurposed for security and shows how private-sector actors that own consumer technology not only influence, but actively condition the co-production of security. Bringing new, typically commercial, concerns to bear on security practices, appropriation also has the effect of complicating conventional understandings of the relationship between liberty and security. Focusing on the NHS Covid-19 app and its contentious relationship with Google/Apple's framework for digital contact-tracing, the article demonstrates how the smartphone enables private-sector actors to gain influence in the security domain. Google and Apple used their control over smartphone technology to compel the British health authorities to adopt a less effective but more privacy-preserving approach than they originally intended, and thus enforced a seemingly liberal response to an exceptional political situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the vitality of science and technology innovation and the ability to coordinate science and technology strength of green development, builds green innovation knowledge system, studies the new endogenous growth law driven by green innovation knowledge system under the active, conscious and autonomous practice of green low-carbon behavior has become a common form. This paper constructs a green development equilibrium model of economic system from the aspects of production, household and government intervention and discusses the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality driven by green development behavior. In the production part, the green innovation knowledge system becomes endogenous factor of production under the stimulation of vitality of science and technology innovation and integrates into the production of green low-carbon behavior goods. In the consumption part, the household utility function is given from the aspects of environmental quality, carbon emission and consumption. Through empirical analysis and research, the environmental effects which are cognitive dissonance effect and loss aversion effect can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article is a transcript of the London Book Fair's inaugural sustainability keynote delivered by Dr Richard Horton, Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet. Horton delivers a challenge to the publishing sector to consider how sustainability sits alongside the ever-increasing uncertainties in the world, such as the ongoing pandemic and Ukrainian crisis. He spoke about the important role that publishing plays as an early warning system for society, introducing the concept of planetary health that demands consideration of a safe and just space for humanity alongside respect for planetary boundaries and the social and economic foundations of a healthy life. Horton finishes with three key challenges to publishers: to stand for something, to invest in our future, and protect the freedom of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nanotechnology's advent and development present an excellent potential to improve the complicated technical issues that food production necessitates. It may bring revolutionary changes to the food production system in the future years. Thus, the goal of this study is to present the current state of nanotechnology in food production. Furthermore, the authors characterize the primary subjects in this study stream, highlight future research potential, and propose a future research plan. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis using data from the Scopus database. The authors are able to retrieve 426 documents for the analysis based on the keywords chosen. The frequency analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, and the citation metrics and analysis were done using R-package software. The findings of this study are reported using standard bibliometric indicators including source title, source type, document type, publication year, subject area, languages, keywords analysis, authorship, citation analysis, geographical distribution, and active institutions. According to our findings, the number of publications on nanotechnology in food production has increased dramatically since 2003. The growing number of studies on nanotechnology demonstrates the relevance of technology in the food sector, which could have implications for the environment, economy, and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lectures on science and technology constitute one of the most noteworthy activities used to promote STEM-related degrees (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). This research seeks to identify the factors that pose an obstacle to promoting science and engineering via scientific and technical lectures to secondary school students, as well as their positive aspects, based on the experiences of teaching staff who conduct such lectures. An exploratory study consisting of 16 interviews was conducted with lecturers of different ages, qualifications and academic profiles at the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). The software ATLAS.ti was used to perform the qualitative analysis. The results of the interviews reveal obstacles related to secondary schools, the speakers, and the university environment, mainly focusing on organisational aspects. Similarly, positive aspects have been found with regard to students, speakers, the University and society in general, all of which are geared towards promoting these studies and communicating scientific knowledge. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that science and technology lectures may be a good outreach tool, but they require greater organisational and institutional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)