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In situ campaigns focused on aerosol–cloud interactions were performed to describe the size-dependent activation of aerosols of various origins during variable meteorological conditions. Low cloud episodes, coded as fog, freezing fog, or rain with fog, were compared with nonphenomenon episodes. From the difference in aerosols measured behind the whole air inlet and PM2.5 inlet, the activated fraction (AF; a share of activated particles from all those available) was calculated. For fog, the AF was stable, resulting in a small variability in the activated size. During freezing fog, a higher variability in supersaturation was deduced from larger variability in the AF and smaller effective radii of cloud droplets. The AF during rain with fog showed a connection to the air mass origin, less effective activation, and smaller cloud droplets. The analysis of the relationship between meteorological conditions and activations suggested that the different hydrometeors were connected with different air masses. No effect of photochemistry was found; in contrast, some dependence on relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and liquid water content (LWC) was described. With increasing humidity, smaller particles were able to activate. For lower RH, the importance of supersaturation fluctuations increased, moving to a fluctuation-influenced regime. The strongest connection was found between activation and LWC; for the LWC below 0.10 g m−3, a strong decrease in activated particle size was found with increasing LWC, due to turbulence, number of particles, and availability of condensable water. From 0.10 g m−3 LWC and higher, the LWC and the connected supersaturation could be the main factors influencing the activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) is a laser-ultrasonic method allowing measurement of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity in an examined material for a given direction of the wave vector. Objective: We explore the capability of TGS for determination of shear elastic coefficients ( c ′ and c 44 ) of strongly anisotropic cubic materials. Methods: TGS is tested on a set of single crystals with an anisotropy factor up to A = 25 . Using a numerical simulation based on a Ritz-Rayleigh approach, we show that strong anisotropy may lead to significant coupling of SAWs with bulk shear waves, which complicates TGS measurements in specific directions. Based on the obtained TGS data, we discuss the possibility of also using the TGS technique for assessing the longitudinal elastic coefficient ( c L ). Results: Despite the energy focusing and other effects originating from the strong anisotropy, the TGS method can be used to reliably determine the directional dependence of the SAW velocity in these materials, and the resulting experimental datasets are sufficient for inverse determination of both the soft shear elastic constant ( c ′ ) and the hard shear elastic constant ( c 44 ). The longitudinal coefficient can be determined with lower accuracy. Conclusion: TGS is a suitable experimental tool for contactless characterization of strongly anisotropic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring heat treatments for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processed materials is critical to ensure superior and repeatable material properties for high-end applications. This tailoring requires in-depth understanding of the LPBF-processed material. Therefore, the current study aims at unravelling the threefold interrelationship between the process (LPBF and heat treatment), the microstructure at different scales (macro-, meso-, micro-, and nano-scale), and the macroscopic material properties of AlSi10Mg. A similar solidification trajectory applies at different length scales when comparing the solidification of AlSi10Mg, ranging from mould-casting to rapid solidification (LPBF). The similarity in solidification trajectories triggers the reason why the Brody-Flemings cellular microsegregation solidification model could predict the cellular morphology of the LPBF as-printed microstructure. Where rapid solidification occurs at a much finer scale, the LPBF microstructure exhibits a significant grain refinement and a high degree of silicon (Si) supersaturation. This study has identified the grain refinement and Si supersaturation as critical assets of the as-printed microstructure, playing a vital role in achieving superior mechanical and thermal properties during heat treatment. Next, an electrical conductivity model could accurately predict the Si solute concentration in LPBF-processed and heat-treated AlSi10Mg and allows understanding the microstructural evolution during heat treatment. The LPBF-processed and heat-treated AlSi10Mg conditions (as-built (AB), direct-aged (DA), stress-relieved (SR), preheated (PH)) show an interesting range of superior mechanical properties (tensile strength: 300–450 MPa, elongation: 4–13%) compared to the mould-cast T6 reference condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an insight into the investigation of long thick-layer adhesive façade joint resistance to negative pressure loads, i.e. wind suction. The real structural response to wind actions was simulated with reference to ETAG 034. Each specimen represented a reference façade section. The experiment focused on four different adhesive systems with flexible high strength 1-K polyurethanes and 1-K modified silyl polymers. Several variants of the test assemblies were tested: 1) a test assembly with an adhesive joint when a) the manufacturers' application instructions for the system were followed and b) the instructions were violated; 2) a test assembly with a mechanical joint. These variants made it possible to compare the properties of both fastening methods, and moreover, to assess the impact of the mounting tape on the properties of the adhesive joint. The comparison of adhesive joints and a mechanical joint proved the greater structural stiffness and stress resistance of bonded assemblies. Monitoring showed that a local failure of the fastening element between the load-bearing frame and supporting structure caused the failure of the bonded assemblies, whereas the specimen with mechanically attached cladding failed due to pull-through of the fasteners. The average failure load of the bonded assembly was 10.88 kPa. In contrast, the failure load of the segment with mechanical fasteners was 10.12 kPa. Even though the difference in maximum pressure loads was only around 7%, the recorded values clearly demonstrate that the weakest part of the whole façade system is the mechanical joint, not the bonded one. Furthermore, the comparison of the results for segments with and without mounting tape showed that tape can have a major impact on the bond strength, since in case of the test specimens without mounting tape, the recorded failure load was a maximum of 30% higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully reconstructed spatial phase distributions within a cross-section of a stretched NiTi helical spring via x-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography (DSCT) and compared them with predictions obtained from a finite element simulation; the simulation employed an established phenomenological constitutive model tailored for NiTi shape memory alloys. The comparison corroborated the direct correspondence between the internal variables representing (volume fraction of) phases in the constitutive model and their experimental counterparts. This case study also showed that because of the distinct diffraction contrast between austenite and martensite, DSCT allows visualization of phase gradients within the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was carried out with the aim to determine the correlation between ploidy level, steroid glycoalkaloids (SGAs) content and resistance against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), and Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) in cultivated and wild Solanum species preserved in the Potato Gene Bank of Czech Republic. In this study 27 species were included which consist of five cultivated and 22 wild species, with a total of 31 genotypes (four species represented by two accessions). In this study 70.97% of genotypes were evaluated as diploid, 3.23% were triploid, 19.35% tetraploid and 6.45% hexaploid as depicted from counting of chromosomes. The highest concentration, of foliage α-solanine (5,450 mg kg-1) and α-chaconine (9,420 mg kg-1) of dry matter was found in the specie S. yungasense 00070, whereas lowest 1.1 mg kg-1 and 2.3 mg kg-1 in S. pinnatisectum 00051, respectively, Tukey's test of one way anova was performed for getting significance from the data obtained and found significant variation among species of steroid glycoalkaloids (SGA) content in dry weight at level of P ≤ 0.01. Leaf damages by Leptinotarsa decemlineata under field experiment circumstances were also recorded. In vitro study, S. bulbocastanum PIS 06-17 and S. bulbocastanum 00240 shown resistant to P. infestans upon inoculation of aggressive isolates and strong resistance was observed in S. stoloniferum 00295, S. sucrense 0062 and S. yungasense 0070. Nevertheless, there was no correlation of ploidy level, SGA contents and resistance to the CPB (r = 0.00) and late blight (r = 0.076) found in the investigated Solanum species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We briefly review the recent experimental and theoretical research on the modeling of localized deformation in NiTi shape memory alloys. These alloys exhibit a remarkable response to mechanical loading with a relatively large reversible strains called superelasticity. We point up factors affecting formation, topology and propagation of localization patterns. These factors bring considerable difficulties to the development of constitutive models and superimpose with theoretical and practical issues related to the modeling of material instability. Some of the models are briefly introduced with a particular attention paid to characteristics of underlying theoretical frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous constitutive models of shape memory alloys aiming to reliable predictions of their remarkable thermomechanical response are available in the literature. Often, experimentally documented specifics as tensioncompression asymmetry or anisotropy of some physical properties of martensite are not considered, e.g. because it is difficult to determine them experimentally without dedicated instrumentation. Hence, parameterization of the models is limited to data from tensile tests, yet the models are used to predict material response in more general loading modes. This contribution addresses limits and pitfalls of such a modeling shortcut. It is also shown that an accurate prediction of NiTi wire response in torsion can be obtained with parameters derived from a test in tension and compression, which challenges the general comprehension of the influence of the processing texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In advanced functional materials, where the prestress can initialize phase transitions or other structural changes, the effect of the increasing load on an acoustic wave velocity is substantial and can provide important information on the undergoing physical phenomena. In this paper, a novel method for contactless measurements of acousto-elastic parameters is presented. The contactless arrangement, based on the concept of laser-ultrasound, enables an accurate detection of small changes of the velocities of surface acoustic waves in various directions. Because of this contactless arrangement, the changes of the sample shape during the loading do not affect the results, which can be assumed as the main source of inaccuracy for classical contact methods. The experimental device and its control system is described in detail, and its application possibilities and limits are shown on examples of shape memory alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presented paper, a sample of polycrystalline shape-memory NiTi alloy is studied under compression up to 5% by the means of laser-excited and laser-detected ultrasound waves. The evolution of a propagation velocity of the surface acoustic wave is measured in situ during mechanical loading. An inverse method based on the Ritz-Rayleigh numerical approach is then used to obtain the development of elastic properties of the sample. This process enables an analysis of the evolution of stress-induced transformation from the austenitic to the martensitic phase with the possibility to describe several stages of such transformation, i.e., the transformation to full R-phase, its reorientation causing strong anisotropy of the polycrystalline sample, and consecutive gradual transition to martensite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was applied to analyze the temperature evolution of shear modulus of thick aluminum, nickel, copper and titanium coatings prepared by cold spraying in the temperature range 20 °C!560 °C!20 °C. The results show that the thermal cycle leads to a significant increase in the shear modulus of nickel, while for copper, titanium and aluminum the shear modulus remains nearly unchanged or exhibits a weak increase only. Evolution of the internal friction parameter shows a significant decrease after the thermal cycle, being the most pronounced for nickel again. The decrease of the internal friction observed in the studied coatings indicates grain coarsening and consequent lower influence of grain boundary sliding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisotropic elastic and acoustic properties of robocast ceramic scaffolds are calculated by finite element method, utilizing real geometries and material parameters obtained from robocast silicon carbide samples. Six types of robocast geometries are studied, showing different material symmetries given by the arrangement of the ceramic rods in the scaffold structures. Due to the macroscopic periodicity of the structures composed of fully sintered ceramic rods, the robocast scaffolds exhibit metamaterial-like elastic and acoustic properties, never observed for natural materials. The effect of the micro-architecture is shown to be crucial: while for tetragonal and orthorhombic structures, strong acoustic focusing along the directions of the rods appears even in the low-frequency limit, hexagonal structures exhibit no energy focusing up to some frequency limit given by the geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes utilization of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detection of changes of shorelines. UAV is used as a cheep and ondemand available possibility how to collect remotely sensed data. Its utilization is limited by legal regulations and weather conditions. Paper deals with utilization of UAV for monitoring small water area and particularly study of changes of shorelines. Study contains other methods of classification. After classification will be data processed for next calculations. Indices regarding shoreline changes are in the study also. In conclusion, study contains obtainment findings and encouragement for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are modern functional materials capable of undergoing significant reversible strains induced by moderate external magnetic fields due to diffusionless structural transitions and highly mobile twin interfaces. The subject of our work is a theoretical study of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy, as a representative of the magnetic shape memory alloys, by means of the ab initio simulation methods. It has been shown that the DFT+U method (the Hubbard treatment of the strong on-site Coulomb interaction of localized electrons) used for description of transition metals, can improve quantitative agreement of theoretical and experimental data. The choice of U-parameters for both Mn and Ni atoms was proposed based on the comparison of experimental and theoretical elastic constants of cubic austenite and tetragonal non-modulated martensite. The resulting theoretical results agree with the elasticity measurements. It has been also shown that involving U-correction have strong impact on the predicted formation energies of particular phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiTi-based shape memory alloys are metallic materials exhibiting remarkable response to mechanical and/or thermal loading, e.g. superelasticity, pseudoplasticity or one-way shape memory effect. They can be engineered into structures of micro-size dimensions, hence, they appear promising for application in micro-electromechanical systems. For their efficient utilization, appropriate characterization is important. Due to relative simplicity, indentation represents a very standard and popular technique for basic characterization of metallic materials providing information about stiffness and hardness. Moreover, it can be used for identification of other events in the material. This study aims to verify applicability of the recently developed constitutive model for NiTi-based shape memory alloy in simulations of nanoindentation tests. The model is fitted to a particular sample material using experimental data, and a series of simulations mimicking tests at various temperatures is performed. Since the model also captures two-stage martensitic transformation via the intermediate R-phase, its influence on the simulations is investigated as well. It is confirmed that spherical indentation is a suitable method for simple and fast detection whether the material is in superelastic or pseudoplastic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato was found during mycological exploration in caves and underground tunnels. Seventeen isolates of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. were obtained in these habitats in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Spain during 2008-2012. Three species, H. abietinum, H. annosum sensu stricto, and H. parviporum, were identified by analyses of DNA sequences of three gene regions: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, translation elongation factor 1-alfa and transcription factor. Isolates of H. parviporum were obtained from moonmilk, air and underground gallery wall. H. parviporum recorded from Spain, Castaňar de Ibor Cave, was obtained far from the natural distribution of its main host, Picea abies. Heterobasidion annosum was obtained from cave air and sediment, isopod faeces and underground gallery wall. Heterobasidion abietinum was isolated from bat guano and outdoor air. The origin and ways of fungal dispersal are discussed. The forest stands surrounding caves and tunnels are hypothesized as the potential source of inoculum to inhabit these unusual spaces, although the real paths of the pathogen to the habitats remain unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a wavelet-based methodology is proposed to study the main features of turbulence data collected within the crown layer of an even-aged Norway spruce forest at the Bílý Kříž site. The site is situated on a steep (25%) south-southwest-facing slope near the top of a mountain ridge. The periods of organized structures detected when the site is on the downwind (leeward) side of the ridge are significantly shorter than those detected when the site is on the upwind side of the ridge. However, the 'leeward' structures have a relatively higher persistence and frequency of occurrence in the 30-min time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Klinická Biochemie a Metabolismus is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinická Biochemie a Metabolismus is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The distribution and host affinity of Heterobasidon annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato (Basidiomycota, Bondarzewiaceae) in the Czech Republic was investigated. Sampling was undertaken in natural forests, in stands with former presence of fir and spruce and in forests on formerly agricultural lands. The identification and phylogenetic relationship of the species complex was studied by comparing DNA sequences of three gene regions: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3P), translation elongation factor 1-alfa (EFA) and transcription factor (TF). The species relationships were demonstrated by haplotype network and Bayesian phylogram construction for the combined data set. The distribution of each species was demonstrated. Heterobasidion annosum s.s., which had the greatest host range, was found on thirteen genera ( Pinus, Picea, Fraxinus, Betula, Corylus, Alnus, Abies, Acer, Salix, Ligustrum, Quercus, Larix and Prunus). Heterobasidion parviporum was found on spruce ( Picea abies), fir ( Abies alba), apple tree ( Malus sylvestris), Vitis vinifera and Fagus sylvatica, and Heterobasidion abietinum was observed on fir ( Abies), spruce ( Picea), pine ( Pinus) and maize ( Zea mays). Sequences from different genes yielded conflicting results for six specimens, which were interpreted as belonging to interspecific hybrids. These were collected from A. alba, P. abies and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. The occurrence of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. is strongly associated with the natural distribution of its hosts and the occurrence of H. abietinum appears to be related to the historical occurrence of A. alba in stands now reforested with P. abies. No statistically significant differences in the vertical distributions within the species complex were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys under complex loading is still a subject of both experimental and theoretical investigations. One of the simplest geometries, in which the material is loaded in combined mode and which has also several practical applications, is a simple helical spring. In this contribution, mechanical response of NiTi superelastic spring is analyzed in detail by numerical simulation and the results are compared to experiments. The simulations show complex stress state, which develops during spring stretching. Analyzing fatigue tests with respect to simulated behavior allowed us to find relation between fatigue resistance and periodic changes in volume fraction of martensite induced by cyclic mechanical loading. The work also underlines an extension of the range of stroke amplitudes guaranteeing enhanced life performance of the spring when material transforms through the R-phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-expanding stents or stentgrafts made from Nitinol superelastic alloy are widely used for a less invasive treatment of disease-induced localized flow constriction in the cardiovascular system. The therapy is based on insertion of a stent into a blood vessel to maintain the inner diameter of the vessel; it provides highly effective results at minimal cost and with reduced hospital stays. However, since stent is an external mechanical healing tool implemented into human body for quite a long time, information on the mechanical performance of it is of fundamental importance with respect to patient's safety and comfort. Advantageously, computational structural analysis can provide valuable information on the response of the product in an environment where in vivo experimentation is extremely expensive or impossible. With this motivation, a numerical model of a particular braided self-expanding stent was developed. As a reasonable approximation substantially reducing computational demands, the stent was considered to be composed of a set of helical springs with specific constrains reflecting geometry of the structure. An advanced constitutive model for NiTi-based shape memory alloys including R-phase transition was employed in analysis. Comparison to measurements shows a very good match between the numerical solution and experimental results. Relation between diameter of the stent and uniform radial pressure on its surface is estimated. Information about internal phase and stress state of the material during compression loading provided by the model is used to estimate fatigue properties of the stent during cyclic loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an experimental methodology for determination of all 21 elastic constants of materials with general (triclinic) anisotropy. This methodology is based on contactless resonant ultrasound spectroscopy complemented by pulse-echo measurements and enables full characterization of elastic anisotropy of such materials from measurements on a single small specimen of a parallelogram shape. The methodology is applied to two benchmark examples: a material with generally rotated cubic anisotropy (single crystal of silicon) and an isotropic material (silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide ceramics). In both the proposed approach is able to provide a full triclinic tensor with relatively low experimental errors and to identify indubitably the anisotropy class of the material; for the cubic material also the orientations of the principal axes and the cubic elastic coefficients are reliably determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined approach in the determination of Haemonchus nematodes from sheep was applied in this trial. Using selected morphological characters 90.2 % females and 84.2 % males of Haemonchus contortus and 9.8 % females and 15.8 % males of Haemonchus placei were identified. Although cluster analysis based on morphological identification clearly separated two Haemonchus species, H. contortus was exclusively detected in all specimens using restriction cleavage of the ITS-2 region with FspBI endonuclease as well as through the sequencing analysis. Because sheep from both farms have never had contact with other ruminants, and the farmers apply only closed flock turnover, we assume that only H. contortus mono-infection occurred on both farms. This opinion is also supported by molecular data. The most striking result of our study was the finding which indicates that the discriminant function is not able to accurately identify Haemonchus males at the species level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We study shape memory hooks employed in releasable fasteners. The designed fastener in question consists of two identical parts, each one containing an array of hooks made of the shape memory alloy with the pseudoelastic behavior at room temperature. The fastening function consists in interlocking of the hooks of the either part together. The firmness of the connection is tested for various hook geometry and heat treatment of the hooks. A model for the mechanical response of a loaded single shape memory hook is developed and described. Both the model and the experimental data indicate the firmness of the connection increases with increasing hook curvature and hook density. In the study, we also present the fastener manufacture using NiTi wires with a diameter of 150 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micromechanism of the shape recovery process is optically observed in single crystals of the Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy. Formation of X and λ-interfaces (interfacial microstructures with two intersecting habit planes) is documented, both in a thermal gradient and during a homogeneous heating. The observed growth mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of nucleation and growth of the twinned structures) are described and analysed. Weakly non-classical boundaries between austenite and two crossing twinning systems are also documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batch emulsion polymerizations of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) initiated by ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS), stabilized by the hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier Tween-20, were investigated. Two non-stationary rate intervals appear at very high emulsifier concentration and four rate intervals at very low emulsifier concentration. The slight increase in the maximal rate with increasing emulsifier concentration is discussed in terms of the polymer gel formation. The average number of radicals per particle (n) mostly observed much below 0.5 is discussed in terms of the polymerization at the particle surface. The desorption rate constant k′des,N (Nomura modul, N-model) for the emulsion polymerization of EHA is ca. one order in magnitude larger than that reported for the emulsion polymerization of styrene. The stronger desorption of radicals suggests the O'Toole/Ugelstad model (k′des,T, T-model). The k′des,T values are one order of magnitude larger than the k′des,N ones. The formation of less stable monomeric (tertiary) radicals and the polymerization in the cross-linked particles (at the particle surface) induce desorption of radicals. The absorption rate of radicals (ρa) by the particles decreases with increasing weight fraction of emulsifier. The close-packed interfacial layer forms a barrier for entering radicals. This includes the increased chain transfer to the emulsifier followed by the exit of emulsifier transferred emulsifier radicals to the continuous phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) oligomers differing in topology are defined and structure and mechanical properties of these analysed by three different theoretical approaches: the Bicerano graph method, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics. The calculations are performed within the simulation software environment Materials Studio (Accelrys Software Inc.). The obtained values of the Young and bulk modulus are juxtaposed to experimental data available for real PDMS materials and quality of the agreement discussed in relation to the theory level and simulation method applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Medicine / Anesteziologie a Intenzivní Medicína is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Medicine / Anesteziologie a Intenzivní Medicína is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)