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AbstractCase report??We report a complicated extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infant with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage and preceding stoma creation after bowel perforation who was treated with staged operations, including shunting and external ventricular drainage. The first operation was a temporary valveless ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement until the time of the stoma closure. The stoma was successfully closed 3?months after the first operation when the peritoneal tube was drawn out from the chest wall and the VP shunt system was temporarily used as an external drainage with a long subcutaneous tunnel. One month after the second operation, final VP shunt placement was performed after good healing of bowel anastomosis was surely confirmed. The previous peritoneal shunt tube was cut behind the ear, removed, and replaced with a valve-regulated VP shunt system.Conclusion??This staged strategy is a safe and feasible option for complicated ELBW infants with preceding stoma and hydrocephalus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

abstract in a previous study, we demonstrated that the expression levels in tumor cells of emmprin (cd147) correlated with the grade of astrocytic tumors. also, we found that emmprin was expressed in vascular endothelial cells of the non-neoplastic brain and hypothesized that emmprin expression could be associated with normal blood-brain-barrier (bbb) function of vascular endothelial cells. in this study, this possibility was examined in non-neoplastic brain, glioma and metastatic carcinoma tissues by comparing emmprin immunohistochemistry with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (gd-dtpa) enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging (mri), which is a clinical indicator of the bbb function. this study included 10 cases of non-neoplastic brain tissues, 7 of metastatic carcinoma, 7 of diffuse astrocytoma, 4 of anaplastic astrocytoma and 13 of glioblastoma multiforme. in all the cases, mri with administration of gd-dtpa was performed. the lesions were resected using the microdissection method with the help of ultrasonography and a neuronavigator. the tissues from gd-dtpa-enhanced or non-enhanced areas were processed into frozen sections and subjected to immunohistochemistry with anti-emmprin antibody. the expression of emmprin in brain vascular endothelial cells inversely correlated with gd-dtpa-enhancement of mri: emmprin was positive in tissues not enhanced by gd-dtpa and was negative in dtpa-enhanced tissues. since bbb function presumably remains unimpaired in regions in which mr images are not gd-dtpa-enhanced, emmprin expression appears to be associated with unimpaired bbb function. this is the first report to demonstrate a possible correlation between emmprin expression and bbb function in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]