Search

Visual search is a fundamental human behavior, providing a gateway to understanding other sensory domains as well as the role of search in higher-order cognition. Search has been proposed to include two component processes: inefficient search (Search) and efficient search (Pop-out). According to extant research, these two processes map onto two separable neural systems located in the frontal and parietal association cortices. In this study, we use intracranial recordings from 23 participants to delineate the neural correlates of Search and Pop-out with an unprecedented combination of spatiotemporal resolution and coverage across cortical and subcortical structures. First, we demonstrate a role for the medial temporal lobe in visual search, on par with engagement in frontal and parietal association cortex. Second, we show a gradient of increasing engagement over anatomical space from dorsal to ventral lateral frontal cortex. Third, we confirm previous intracranial work demonstrating nearly complete overlap in neural engagement across cortical regions in Search and Pop-out. We further demonstrate Pop-out selectivity, manifesting as activity increase in Pop-out as compared to Search, in a distributed set of sites including frontal cortex. This result is at odds with the view that Pop-out is implemented in low-level visual cortex or parietal cortex alone. Finally, we affirm a central role for the right lateral frontal cortex in Search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new adaptive kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for non-linear discrete system control is proposed. The proposed approach can be treated as a new proposition for data pre-processing techniques. Indeed, the input vector of neural network controller is pre-processed by the KPCA method. Then, the obtained reduced neural network controller is applied in the indirect adaptive control. The influence of the input data pre-processing on the accuracy of neural network controller results is discussed by using numerical examples of the cases of time-varying parameters of single-input single-output non-linear discrete system and multi-input multi-output system. It is concluded that, using the KPCA method, a significant reduction in the control error and the identification error is obtained. The lowest mean squared error and mean absolute error are shown that the KPCA neural network with the sigmoid kernel function is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excess dielectric constant, excess molar volume, deviation in molar refraction, deviation in refractive index and molar polarization in benzene + cyanex 923 binary mixtures at the temperature of 298.15 K were calculated from the experimentally determined values of dielectric constant, density, molar polarization, molar volume, molar refraction and refractive index which were already published. The experimental values and their corresponding derived properties were utilized to examine the applicability of the reduced Redlich–Kister function. These relative reduced properties are interesting to minimize the temperature effect and, thus, to uncover the effects of different types of molecular interactions in the studied binary mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the results of first-principles calculations based on the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW + lo) method to explore the effects of alloying under the non-conventional AlN III-V compound with bismuth. We have calculated the structural and electronic properties of the binary compounds AlN and AlBi in the zinc blend structure. We have found a good agreement between our results and the experimental and theoretical results available for that binary compounds which may be a support for the results of the ternary alloys. For the AlNBi ternary alloys, we have found a rapid reduction of the energy gap by 1.31 eV/%Bi accompanied by a strong increase in the spin-orbit splitting energy (Δ) with increasing Bi composition. We have also shown that the Δ becomes greater than the energy gap for composition of Bi about 4.2% (Δ > E ). This result is significant due to the possibility of suppressing Auger recombination, which is expected to improve the high temperature performance and thermal stability of light emitting devices. Finally, we have calculated the variation of the optical properties of AlNBi compounds, such as dielectric function and refractive index versus Bi composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We have studied the interplay between disorder and cooperative scattering for the single scattering limit in the presence of a driving laser. Analytical results have been derived and we have observed cooperative scattering effects in a variety of experiments, ranging from thermal atoms in an optical dipole trap, atoms released from a dark MOT and atoms in a BEC, consistent with our theoretical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the observation of Bragg scattering of an ultracold Fermi gas of 6Li atoms at a dynamic optical potential. The momentum states produced in this way oscillate in the trap for time scales on the order of seconds, nearly unperturbed by collisions, which are absent for ultracold fermions due to the Pauli principle. In contrast, interactions in a mixture with 87Rb atoms lead to rapid damping. The coherence of these states is demonstrated by Ramsey-type matter wave interferometry. The signal is improved using an echo pulse sequence, allowing us to observe coherence times longer than 100 μs. Finally, we use Bragg spectroscopy to measure the in-situ momentum distribution of the 6Li cloud. Signatures for the degeneracy of the Fermi gas can be observed directly from the momentum distribution of the atoms inside the trap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a surface trap which enables the study of coherent interactions between ultracold atoms and evanescent waves. The trap combines a magnetic Joffe trap with a repulsive evanescent dipole potential. Exploiting the advantages of both approaches this technique improves recent surfaces traps, which are based either on magnetic or optical traps alone. On the one hand, the position of the magnetic trap can be controlled with high precision which makes it possible to move ultracold atoms to the surface of a glass prism or to withdraw the atoms from the surface in a controlled way. On the other hand, the optical potential of the evanescent wave partially compensates for strong attractive surface forces and generates a potential barrier at only a few hundred nanometers from the surface. This barrier prevents the surface potentials from limiting the trap depth of the magnetic trap. The surface trap is probed with 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs), which are stably positioned at distances from the surfaces below one micrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we are concerned with the temperature distribution inside the central nugget during a particular sequence of resistance spot welding (RSW). Numerical calculations are issued from an attempt to solve heat transfer equation inside the heated device. Boubaker polynomial expansion scheme has been applied to the main system solution expressed in cylindrical coordinates and which is solved using the Householder-QR/QL algorithm. The melting point maximal front spatial evolution has been monitored in order to make comparison with precedent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of ultra-cold atomic clouds with the light fields of optical cavities provides a powerful model system for the development of new types of laser cooling and for studying cooperative phenomena. These experiments critically depend on the precise tuning of an incident pump laser with respect to a cavity resonance. Here, we present a simple and reliable experimental tuning scheme based on a two-mode laser spectrometer. The scheme uses a first laser for probing higher-order transversal modes of the cavity having an intensity minimum near the cavity’s optical axis, where the atoms are confined by a magnetic trap. In this way the cavity resonance is observed without exposing the atoms to unwanted radiation pressure. A second laser, which is phase locked to the first and tuned close to a fundamental cavity mode, drives the coherent atom-field dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperfections in the surface of intracavity elements of an optical ring resonator can scatter light from one mode into the counterpropagating mode. The phase-locking of the cavity modes induced by this backscattering is a well-known example that notoriously afflicts laser gyroscopes and similar active systems. We experimentally show how backscattering can be circumvented in a unidirectionally operated ring cavity either by an appropriate choice of the resonant cavity mode or by active feedback control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the role of echocardiography in the stepwise evaluation of syncope. Assignment of the causes of syncope using published diagnostic criteria; Usefulness of echocardiography in assessing the severity of the underlying cardiac disease and risk stratification in patients with unexplained syncope but with a positive cardiac history; Implications on cardiology.