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Ptilostemon greuteri Raimondo & Domina is a rare Sicilian paleoendemic species. The aim of study was to investigate the micro-morphological features of leaves by light and scanning electron microscopy, to elucidate the phytochemical profile of essential oil (EO), n-hexane (HE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) by gas and liquid chromatographic methods, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by in vitro assays. Leaves had a large lanceolate blade, dark green on the upper side and greyish on the lower one with a dense tomentum. Epidermis showed many protruding stomata. By lipid-specific dyes, lipophilic droplets within cells surrounding the secretory ducts and within palisade cells were detected, whereas the presence of polyphenols in the mesophyll was highlighted by toluide blue O. These observations have driven the subsequent phytochemical analyses. EO showed germacrene D (29.94%), carvacrol (14.3%) and eugenol (12.93%) as the most abundant compounds. In the HE, docosane, oleic and palmit acid, and lupeol were the predominant compounds, whereas caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin derivatives were the most common polyphenols in HAE. Considering the detected mean half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50), HAE showed predominant antioxidant activity (IC50 30.54 µg/mL), while EO showed predominant anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 397.59 µg/mL). Finally, HE, rich in medium-to-long fatty acids, showed the best protease inhibitory activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plumeria rubra L. is an ornamental Caribbean plant widely known for its ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities. The 'Tonda Palermitana' cultivar, on which no data are to date available, is commonly cultivated in Sicily. The aim of our study was to characterize the micro-morphological features of leaves and flowers of this cultivar by light and Scanning Electron Microscopy and to investigate the phytochemical profile and the biological properties of their food-grade extracts (LE and FE, respectively) by LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis and different in vitro assays. Numerous branched laticifers were observed, and their secretion contained alkaloids and lipophilic compounds as confirmed by histological analyses. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of alkaloids (9%), terpenoids (13%) and fatty acids (6%), together with a very abundant presence of iridoids (28%) and polyphenols (39%). The most notable biological activity of both extracts appears to be the antioxidant one, showing half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) about 5 times lower than those detected in anti-inflammatory assays (383.74 ± 5.65 and 232.05 ± 2.87 vs. 1981.23 ± 12.82 and 1215.13 ± 10.15, for FE and LE, respectively), with LE showing the best, and statistically significant (p < 0.001), biological activity. These results allow us to speculate promising nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications for this old Sicilian cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a pivotal challenge in safeguarding mental health and ensuring worker safety has been the focus on identifying and empowering protective factors while addressing psychosocial risk factors in response to the stresses encountered in daily life. Coping strategies have emerged as a central point in this context. The development and validation of a scale measuring coping strategies during particularly risky situations, such as those experienced by certain professions during the pandemic, could represent a significant step toward a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing the utilization of coping strategies. The study was conducted on a sample of 872 individuals (398 men, 474 women) recruited toward the end of the pandemic, primarily involving workers who found themselves managing risky situations. The results, revealed a four-factor first-order structure and two second-order factors, indicating distinct dimensions of coping strategies employed by individuals when facing negative life events perceived as high-risk. Additional validation included a gender invariance analysis, confirming the scale was similarly perceived by both genders. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the CORE's (Coping Orientations to Risky Events) subscales and higher-order factors with the Brief COPE scale's approach and avoidance coping components, ensuring they measured the same constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to recover the main by-product of Citrus fruits processing, the raw pomace, known also as pastazzo, to produce plant complexes to be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Food-grade extracts from orange (OE) and lemon (LE) pomace were obtained by ultrasound-assisted maceration. After a preliminary phytochemical and biological screening by in vitro assays, primary and secondary metabolites were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) analyses. The intestinal bioaccessibility and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated by in vitro simulated gastro-intestinal digestion followed by treatments on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The tight junctions-associated structural proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-levels, expression of some key antioxidant (CAT, NRF2 and SOD2) and inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8) genes, and pNFkB p65 nuclear translocation, were evaluated. The OE and LE digesta, which did not show any significant difference in terms of phytochemical profile, showed significant effects in protecting against the LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In conclusion, both OE and LE emerged as potential candidates for further preclinical studies on in vivo IBD models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has long been recognized for its health-promoting attributes, with proven benefits in preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. During the global COVID-19 pandemic, MedDiet's potential to mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection gained attention. This study aims to investigate the interplay among MedDiet adherence, immune system response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and potential sex-related variations. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted through collecting data from a web survey for the Italian population. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); in addition, COVID-19 symptoms and vaccination details were also obtained. Results: Significant associations between MedDiet adherence, COVID-19 symptoms, and vaccine-related side effects were observed. Notably, females demonstrated distinct responses, reporting lymph node enlargement and a different prevalence and severity of vaccine side effects compared to males. Conclusions: This study highlights the protective role of the MedDiet against COVID-19 and emphasizes the relevance of sex-specific responses in vaccination outcomes according to MEDAS score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the chemical composition, nutritional, and biological properties of extracts obtained from A. melanocarpa berries using different extraction methods and solvents. Hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 allowed us to isolate fruit essential oil (HDEX) and fixed oil (SFEEX), respectively. A phenol-enriched extract was obtained using a mild ultrasound-assisted maceration with methanol (UAMM). The HDEX most abundant component, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was italicene epoxide (17.2%), followed by hexadecanoic acid (12.4%), khusinol (10.5%), limonene (9.7%), dodecanoic acid (9.7%), and (E)-anethole (6.1%). Linoleic (348.9 mg/g of extract, 70.5%), oleic (88.9 mg/g, 17.9%), and palmitic (40.8 mg/g, 8.2%) acids, followed by α-linolenic and stearic acids, were the main fatty acids in SFEEX determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-DAD/ELSD). HPLC-DAD analyses of SFEEX identified β-carotene as the main carotenoid (1.7 mg/g), while HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLU) evidenced α-tocopherol (1.2 mg/g) as the most abundant tocopherol isoform in SFEEX. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS (LC-ESI-MS) analysis of UAMM showed the presence of quercetin-sulfate (15.6%, major component), malvidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside-4-vinylphenol adduct (pigment B) (9.3%), di-caffeoyl coumaroyl spermidine (7.6%), methyl-epigallocatechin (5.68%), and phloretin (4.1%), while flavonoids (70.5%) and phenolic acids (23.9%) emerged as the most abundant polyphenol classes. UAMM exerted a complete inhibition of the cholesterol oxidative degradation at 140 °C from 75 μg of extract, showing 50% protection at 30.6 μg (IA50). Furthermore, UAMM significantly reduced viability (31–48%) in A375 melanoma cells in the range of 500–2000 μg/mL after 96 h of incubation (MTT assay), with a low toxic effect in normal HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this research extend the knowledge of the nutritional and biological properties of A. melanocarpa berries, providing useful information on specific extracts for potential food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is often complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). Identifying patients at risk of AKI is important to start nephroprotective strategies or renal replacement therapy (RRT). This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of post-operative AKI in SAVR patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in the post-cardiac-surgery follow-up period was also assessed. Methods: A total of 462 SAVR patients were retrospectively enrolled. The primary endpoint was the occurrence rate of AKI after surgery. Kidney recovery, during two planned outpatient clinic nephrological visits within 12 months after the surgery, was assessed. Results: A total of 76 patients experienced an AKI event. A Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that subjects with CKD stage IV had a time to progression of 2.7 days, compared to patients with stages I–II, who were characterized by the slowest progression time, >11.2 days. A Cox regression indicated that CKD stages predicted a higher risk of AKI independently of other variables. During their ICU stay, 23 patients died, representing 5% of the population, most of them requiring RRT during their ICU stay. A severe CKD before the surgery was closely related to perioperative mortality. During the follow-up period, 21 patients with AKI worsened their CKD stage. Conclusions: AKI represents a common complication for SAVR patients in the early post-operative period, prolonging their ICU stay, with negative effects on survival, especially if RRT was required. Pre-operative CKD >3 stage is an independent risk factor for AKI in patients undergoing SAVR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood purification represents a treatment option for sepsis, improving inflammation and the hyper-activated immune system. This study investigates the binding efficacy of Seraph®-100 against 108 CFU/mL of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) during a simulated hemoperfusion treatment. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique was used to evaluate the bacteria reduction, whereas kinetic analysis and cultures revealed bacterial detection and counting at established time points. At the end of the experiment, the filter was cut at three different levels, obtaining suspensions for cultures and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The FACS technique revealed a 78.77% reduction of the total bacterial load at the end of the treatment, with maximum filter sequestration occurring in the first 30 min of the treatment. Non-linear regression analysis of kinetic experiments (T0–240 min) highlighted a lower growth rate of S. aureus than the other two Gram bacteria, demonstrating a greater affinity without influencing a reduction rate of 99% for all three bacteria. The analyses of the suspension aliquots of the filter sections confirmed these data, revealing 1 × 108 CFU/mL, equal to the initial bacterial charge. Furthermore, the filter head adsorbed approximately 50% of bacteria, whereas the remaining amount was equally distributed between the body and the tail, as corroborated by SEM analysis. In conclusion, Seraph®-100 adsorbed 108 CFU/mL of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa during an in vitro simulated hemoperfusion session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monarda didyma L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal and aromatic herb native to eastern North America and now is also cultivated in Northern Italy, which shows terminal heads of bright scarlet-red flowers, subtended by a whorl of red-tinged leafy bracts. Starting from 2018, M. didyma flowering tops have been included in the Belfrit List of botanicals. However, to date studies on the crude extract of this plant are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological and anatomical features of the flowering tops and the phytochemical profile of their ethanolic and hydroglyceric extracts (EE and HGE, respectively). HGE was the richest in total phenols (105.75 ± 5.91 vs. 64.22 ± 3.45 mg/100 mL) and especially in flavonoids (71.60 ± 5.09 vs. 47.70 ± 1.27 mg/100 mL), as confirmed also by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Fifty-three polyphenols were identified and quantified. Even if they showed a common polyphenolic profile, EE and HGE showed quantitative differences. Flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were the most expressed metabolites in HGE, whereas flavonols were the most expressed metabolites in EE. These features confer to HGE the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties, detected by several in vitro and in vivo assays, highlighting a promising use of this plant extract for skincare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 2023 Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine the 2024 meeting was scheduled from 28 February to 2 March 2024 (2024Pdm3). During autumn 2023 the program was expanded with Scientific Sessions which will take place over five days (in 2024 this includes February 29), starting from the afternoon of 27 February 2024 in the Conference Rooms of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. As per consolidated tradition, the second day will take place in Padua, for the occasion in the Sala San Luca of the Monastery of Santa Giustina in Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. Confirming the attractiveness of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, over 100 titles were accepted until 15 December 2023 (many more than expected), forcing the organization of parallel sessions on both 1 and 2 March 2024. The five days will include lectures and oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK and USA. Only Australia, China, India and Japan are missing from this edition. But we are confident that authors from those countries who publish articles in the PAGEpress: European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM: 2022 ESCI Clarivate's Impact Factor: 2.2; SCOPUS Cite Score: 3.2) will decide to join us in the coming years. Together with the program established by 31 January 2024, the abstracts will circulate during the meeting only in the electronic version of the EJTM Issue 34 (1) 2024. See you soon in person at the Hotel Petrarca in Montegrotto Terme, Padua, for the inauguration scheduled the afternoon of 27 February 2024 or on-line for free via Zoom. Send us your email address if you are not traditional participants listed in Pdm3 and EJTM address books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, titled "Biotic and Abiotic Stressors in Plant Metabolism," discusses the various stress factors that affect plant metabolism, physiology, morphology, and growth. It focuses on both biotic factors, such as pathologies and attacks from microorganisms, insects, and herbivores, as well as abiotic factors like high salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, mineral deficiencies, and soil contamination. The document explores the defensive strategies that plants employ to tolerate these stressors, including changes in anatomical features and alterations in the production of plant metabolites. It also highlights the use of metabolomics to study the correlation between plant metabolite variations and environmental parameters. The document includes several original articles that provide new information on plant tolerance to environmental stress. [Extracted from the article]

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a lower motor neuron disease due to biallelic mutations in the SMN1 gene on chromosome 5. It is characterized by progressive muscle weakness of limbs, bulbar and respiratory muscles. The disease is usually classified in four different phenotypes (1–4) according to age at symptoms onset and maximal motor milestones achieved. Recently, three disease modifying treatments have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), while several other innovative drugs are under study. New therapies have been game changing, improving survival and life quality for SMA patients. However, they have also intensified the need for accurate biomarkers to monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy. While clinical and neurophysiological biomarkers are well established and helpful in describing disease progression, there is a great need to develop more robust and sensitive circulating biomarkers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and other small molecules. Used alone or in combination with clinical biomarkers, they will play a critical role in enhancing patients’ stratification for clinical trials and access to approved treatments, as well as in tracking response to therapy, paving the way to the development of individualized therapeutic approaches. In this comprehensive review, we describe the foremost circulating biomarkers of current significance, analyzing existing literature on non-treated and treated patients with a special focus on neurofilaments and circulating miRNA, aiming to identify and examine their role in the follow-up of patients treated with innovative treatments, including gene therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence demonstrates a continuous interaction between the immune system, the nerve and the muscle in neuromuscular disorders of different pathogenetic origins, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the focus of this review. Herein we highlight the complexity of the cellular and molecular interactions involving the immune system in neuromuscular disorders, as exemplified by DMD and ALS. We describe the distinct types of cell-mediated interactions, such as cytokine/ chemokine production as well as cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions between T lymphocytes and other immune cells, which target cells of the muscular or nervous tissues. Most of these interactions occur independently of exogenous pathogens, through ligand-receptor binding and subsequent signal transduction cascades, at distinct levels of specificity. Although this issue reveals the complexity of the system, it can also be envisioned as a window of opportunity to design therapeutic strategies (including synthetic moieties, cell and gene therapy, as well as immunotherapy) by acting upon one or more targets. In this respect, we discuss ongoing clinical trials using VLA-4 inhibition in DMD, and in ALS, with a focus on regulatory T cells, both revealing promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine the next year's meeting was scheduled from 27 February to 2 March 2024 (2024Pdm3). During the summer and autumn the program was confirmed with Scientific Sessions that will take place over five days, starting in the afternoon of February 27, 2024 at the Conference Room of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. As usual, the next day will be spent in Padua, in this occasion at the San Luca Hall of the Santa Giustina monastery in Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. Collected during Autumn 2023, many more titles and abstracts than expected were submitted, forcing the organization of parallel sessions both on March 1 and March 2 2024 confirming attractiveness of the 2024 Pdm3. The five days will include oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK and USA. Together with the preliminary Program at December 1, 2023, the early submitted Abstracts is e-published in this Issue 33 (4) 2023 of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM). You are invited to join, submitting your Last Minute Abstracts to ugo.carraro@unipd.it by February 1, 2024. Furthermore, with the more generous deadline of May 20, 2024, submit please “Communications” to the European Journal of Translational Myology (Clarivate’s ESCI Impact factor 2.2; SCOPUS Cite Score: 3.2). See you soon at the Hotel Petrarca in Montegrotto Terme, Padua, on February 27, 2024, but the complete program can be followed from home via zoom connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: This review aims to summarize (i) the latest evidence on cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) contribution to craniofacial development and ossification; (ii) the recent discoveries on the mechanisms responsible for their plasticity; and (iii) the newest procedures to ameliorate maxillofacial tissue repair. Recent Findings: CNCC display a remarkable differentiation potential that exceeds the capacity of their germ layer of origin. The mechanisms by which they expand their plasticity was recently described. Their ability to participate to craniofacial bone development and regeneration open new perspectives for treatments of traumatic craniofacial injuries or congenital syndromes. Summary: These conditions can be life-threatening, require invasive maxillofacial surgery and can leave deep sequels on our health or quality of life. With accumulating evidence showing how CNCC-derived stem cells potential can ameliorate craniofacial reconstruction and tissue repair, we believe a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating CNCC plasticity is essential to ameliorate endogenous regeneration and improve tissue repair therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almond skins are known for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mainly due to the presence of polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of almond skin extract (ASE) obtained from the Sicilian cultivar "Fascionello" and to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action using an in vitro model of human monocytic U937 cells as well as an in vivo model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema. The in vitro studies demonstrated that pretreatment with ASE inhibited the formation of ROS and apoptosis. The in vivo studies showed that ASE restored the CAR-induced tissue changes; restored the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione; and decreased neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and the release of proinflammatory mediators. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ASE could be associated with the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory nuclear NF-κB and the activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathways. In conclusion, almond skin could reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and could be beneficial in the treatment of several disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saponaria sicula Raf. grows in Sicily, Sardinia, and Algeria on limestone cliffs and volcanic sands 1300–2500 m above sea level. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the pedo-climatic conditions influence the micromorphological, phytochemical, and biological properties of Sicilian S. sicula leaves collected in the Madonie Mountains (SsM) and on Etna Mt (SsE). Micromorphological investigations revealed that leaves from SsM had a higher amount of calcium oxalate druses in the mesophyll and a more intense blue–green staining with Toluidine blue O, indicating a higher content of polyphenols. These data were confirmed by phytochemical analyses carried out on hydroalcoholic extracts, which showed a higher content of total phenols (8.56 ± 0.57 g GAE/100 g DE) and flavonoids (6.09 ± 0.17 g RE/100 g DE) in SsM. Sixty-four compounds were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis with propelargonidin dimer as the most abundant compound (10.49% and 10.19% in SsM and SsE, respectively). The higher polyphenol content of SsM leaves matches also with their biological activity, identifying SsM extract as the strongest plant complex (IC50 2.75–477.30 µg/mL). In conclusion, the present study experimentally demonstrates that not only climatic differences but also soil characteristics affect the micromorphological, phytochemical, and biological features of this plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review aims to analyze the recent scientific literature on Virtual Reality (VR) applied to elderly people with cognitive impairment or dementia. One hundred and four articles were examined, concerning both the effectiveness of VR interventions, at different levels of immersion or with augmented reality, and the usability and acceptability of these technologies. The use of VR for the diagnostic assessment of mental deterioration is also discussed. Finally, the need for training to enhance the potential of VR in rehabilitation is underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent common chronic inflammatory disease defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue that promotes pelvic pain and fertility impairment. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, and several not completely understood theories have been proposed to describe its pathogenesis. Indeed, this disease affects women's quality of life and their reproductive system. Conventional therapies for endometriosis treatment primarily focus on surgical resection, lowering systemic levels of estrogen, and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to counteract the inflammatory response. However, although these strategies have shown to be effective, they also show considerable side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of endometriosis; however, to date, only very limited literature is present on this topic. Polyphenols display important anti-endometriotic properties; in particular, they are potent phytoestrogens that in parallel modulates estrogen activity and exerts anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols in the treatment of endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional and health properties of algae make them perfect functional ingredients for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. In this study, the Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Phaeodactylaceae), a pleiomorphic diatom commonly found in marine ecosystems, was investigated. The in vitro culture conditions used favoured the fusiform morphotype, characterized by a high accumulation of neutral lipids, as detected by fluorescence microscopy after BODIPY staining. These data were confirmed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS analyses carried out on the ethanolic extract (PTE), which showed a high content of xanthophylls (98.99%), and in particular of fucoxanthin (Fx, 6.67 g/100 g PTE). The antioxidant activity (ORAC, FRAP, TEAC and β-carotene bleaching) and photostability of PTE and Fx against UVA and UVB rays were firstly evaluated by in vitro cell-free assays. After this, phototoxicity and photoprotective studies were carried out on in vitro reconstructed human epidermidis models. Results demonstrated that PTE (0.1% Fx) and 0.1% Fx, both photostable, significantly (p < 0.05) reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress markers (ROS, NO and IL-1α), as well as cytotoxicity and sunburn cells induced by UVA and UVB doses simulating the solar radiation, with an excellent safety profile. However, PTE proved to be more effective than Fx, suggesting its effective and safe use in broad-spectrum sunscreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplementation is known to enhance the immune response and reduce infection. Therefore, the association between immune nutrients and vaccine side effects needs to be investigated. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between vaccination side effects and supplement intake among the Italian population. The study included a questionnaire asking for personal data, anthropometric information, COVID-19 infection and immunity response, and COVID-19 vaccination and supplementation. The survey was conducted from 8 February to 15 June 2022. In the study, 776 respondents were included, aged between 18 and 86 (71.3% females). We observed a statistically significant correlation between supplement consumption and side effects at the end of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.000), which was also confirmed by logistic regression (p = 0.02). Significant associations were observed between supplement intake and side effects of diarrhea and nausea at the end of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.001; p = 0.04, respectively). Significant associations were observed between side effects and omega-3 and mineral supplementation at the start of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.02; p = 0.001, respectively), and between side effects and vitamin supplementation at the end of the vaccination cycle (p = 0.005). In conclusion, our study shows a positive impact of supplementation on vaccination response, increasing host immune defenses, and reducing side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, we demonstrated that a Citrus flavanone mix (FM) shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, even after gastro-duodenal digestion (DFM). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of the cyclooxygenases (COXs) in the anti-inflammatory activity previously detected, using a human COX inhibitor screening assay, molecular modeling studies, and PGE2 release by Caco-2 cells stimulated with IL-1β and arachidonic acid. Furthermore, the ability to counteract pro-oxidative processes induced by IL-1β was evaluated by measuring four oxidative stress markers, namely, carbonylated proteins, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, reactive oxygen species, and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio in Caco-2 cells. All flavonoids showed a strong inhibitory activity on COXs, confirmed by molecular modeling studies, with DFM, which showed the best and most synergistic activity on COX-2 (82.45% vs. 87.93% of nimesulide). These results were also corroborated by the cell-based assays. Indeed, DFM proves to be the most powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent reducing, synergistically and in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05), PGE2 release than the oxidative stress markers, also with respect to the nimesulide and trolox used as reference compounds. This leads to the hypothesis that FM could be an excellent antioxidant and COX inhibitor candidate to counteract intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The almond industry produces, by bleaching and stripping, two by-products: blanched skin (BS) and blanch water (BW). The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional and polyphenolic profile, as well as the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and potential prebiotic effects of BS and BW from three different Sicilian cultivars. The total phenols and flavonoids contents were ≥1.72 and ≥0.56 g gallic acid equivalents and ≥0.52 and ≥0.18 g rutin equivalents/100 g dry extract (DE) in BS and BW, respectively. The antioxidant activity, evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, was ≥3.07 and ≥0.83 g trolox equivalent/100 g DE in BS and BW, respectively. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant flavonoid detected in both by-products. No antimicrobial effect was recorded, whereas BS samples exerted antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1 (EC50 160.96 μg/mL). BS also showed high fibre (≥52.67%) and protein (≥10.99) contents and low fat (≤15.35%) and sugars (≤5.55%), making it nutritionally interesting. The present study proved that the cultivar is not a discriminating factor in determining the chemical and biological properties of BS and BW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus lumia Risso and Poit. 'Pyriformis' are horticultural varieties of Citrus lumia Risso. The fruit is very fragrant and pear-shaped, with a bitter juice, a floral flavor, and a very thick rind. The flavedo shows enlarged (0.74 × 1.16 mm), spherical and ellipsoidal secretory cavities containing the essential oil (EO), visible using light microscopy, and more evident using scanning electron microscopy. The GC-FID and GC-MS analyses of the EO showed a phytochemical profile characterized by the predominance of D-limonene (93.67%). The EO showed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (IC50 0.07–2.06 mg/mL), as evaluated by the in vitro cell-free enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays. To evaluate the effect on the neuronal functional activity, the embryonic cortical neuronal networks grown on multi-electrode array chips were exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of the EO (5–200 µg/mL). The spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded and the mean firing rate, mean burst rate, percentage of spikes in a burst, mean burst durations and inter-spike intervals within a burst parameter were calculated. The EO induced strong and concentration-dependent neuroinhibitory effects, with IC50 ranging between 11.4–31.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, it showed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 0.19 mg/mL), which is promising for controlling some of the key symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as memory and cognitive concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current evidence supports the use of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its minor components such as hydroxytyrosol or 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (DOPET), to improve cardiovascular and metabolic health. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed because some gaps remain in its bioavailability and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the DOPET pharmacokinetics on 20 healthy volunteers by administering a hard enteric-coated capsule containing 7.5 mg of bioactive compound conveyed in EVOO. The treatment was preceded by a washout period with a polyphenol and an alcohol-free diet. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and different time points, and free DOPET and metabolites, as well as sulfo- and glucuro-conjugates, were quantified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The plasma concentration versus time profiles of free DOPET was analyzed by a non-compartmental approach, and several pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, AUC0–440 min, AUC0–∞, AUCt–∞, AUCextrap_pred, Clast and Kel) were calculated. Results showed that DOPET Cmax (5.5 ng/mL) was reached after 123 min (Tmax), with a T1/2 of 150.53 min. Comparing the data obtained with the literature, the bioavailability of this bioactive compound is about 2.5 times higher, confirming the hypothesis that the pharmaceutical formulation plays a pivotal role in the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of hydroxytyrosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network (SKSTMN) began implementation of a leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) monitoring program in 2003 on the main leatherback nesting beaches on St. Kitts, Keys Beach, and North Friars Beach, West Indies. From March 2003 to July 2016, a total of 2,419 adult female leatherback emergence events were recorded and evaluated. A notable decrease in adult leatherback emergence activity was observed over the course of the study period. The nesting season was documented to range from February to August. April and May were typically the months with the highest frequency of nesting. The number of females individually identified (flipper tagging and/or passive integrated transponder) from 2004–2016 was 259, with a mean curved carapace length (CCL) (n = 720) of 153 cm and mean curved carapace width (CCW) (n = 719) of 113 cm. Remigration intervals ranged from 1–5 yr with a median of 2 yr. For nesting females in St. Kitts over the course of the study period, mean clutch frequency (with standard deviation [SD]) was 3 (SD 2.9) and during a reproductive season was 2.2 (SD 1.44). Mean total number of eggs laid per nest was 113 with mean number of yolked eggs being 83.5 and yolkless 29.3. The mean incubation period was 59.5 days overall (SD 3.5) with a hatch success overall of 16.75%. Relocated nests had significantly lower hatch success than in situ nests and poaching rates decreased over the course of this study. From 2006–2016, a total of 191 blood samples were collected from 118 individual animals. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters are outlined and changes in values in individuals over the course of nesting seasons and association with remigration intervals are described. The goal of this study was to report on 14 years of leatherback monitoring and determine the baseline health profile of the nesting leatherback population in St. Kitts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production represents an adaptive strategy developed by extremophiles to cope with environmental stresses. The EPS-producing Bacillus licheniformis B3-15, of shallow marine vent origin (Vulcano Island, Italy), was previously reported as tolerant to arsenate (AsV). In this study, we evaluated: (i) the increasing production of EPS by Bacillus licheniformis B3-15 in the novel SG17 medium; (ii) the arsenic absorption capacity of the EPS by mass spectroscopy; (iii) the functional groups of EPS interacting with As by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy; and (iv) the ability of EPS to prevent arsenic toxicity by the bioluminescent assay. The EPS yield (240 mg L−1) was 45% higher than previously reported. The EPS was mainly constituted of disaccharide repeating units with a manno-pyranosidic configuration and low protein content, attributed to the poly-gamma glutamic acid component as evidenced by NMR analysis. ATR-FTIR spectra indicated that the functional groups of the EPS (O–H, C=O, C–O and C=C and N–O) were involved in the adsorption of the arsenic cations, with greater interactions between EPS and arsenate (AsV) than arsenite (AsIII). Consequently, the EPS at increasing concentration (100 and 300 µg mL−1) adsorbed AsV more efficiently (20.5% and 34.5%) than AsIII (0.7% and 1.8%). The bioluminescence assay showed that the EPS was not toxic, and its addition reduced the toxicity of both As forms by more than twofold. The crude EPS B3-15 could be used in arsenic bioremediation as a possible eco-friendly alternative to other physical or chemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Orchidaceae family accounts for about 28,000 species, and most of them are mentioned in the folk medicine of nations around the world. The use of terrestrial orchids in European and Mediterranean regions has been reported since ancient times, but little information is available on their medicinal properties, as well as on their phytochemicals and biological activities. However, plant collection for human use is still listed as one of the main threats for terrestrial orchids, alongside other menacing factors such as wrong habitat management and disturbance to symbionts, such as pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore, the primary aim of this review was to resume and discuss available information regarding the past and current popular uses of European orchids. We then grouped phytochemical data to evaluate the presence of bioactive compounds of pharmacological relevance, and we discussed whether these could support the therapeutic employment of the different organs. Finally, we briefly debated the sustainability of orchid utilizations, considering the different threatening factors and conservation actions including plant propagation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network (SKSTMN) began implementation of a leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) monitoring program in 2003 on the main leatherback nesting beaches on St. Kitts, Keys Beach, and North Friars Beach, West Indies. From March 2003 to July 2016, a total of 2,419 adult female leatherback emergence events were recorded and evaluated. A notable decrease in adult leatherback emergence activity was observed over the course of the study period. The nesting season was documented to range from February to August. April and May were typically the months with the highest frequency of nesting. The number of females individually identified (flipper tagging and/or passive integrated transponder) from 2004–2016 was 259, with a mean curved carapace length (CCL) (n = 720) of 153 cm and mean curved carapace width (CCW) (n = 719) of 113 cm. Remigration intervals ranged from 1–5 yr with a median of 2 yr. For nesting females in St. Kitts over the course of the study period, mean clutch frequency (with standard deviation [SD]) was 3 (SD 2.9) and during a reproductive season was 2.2 (SD 1.44). Mean total number of eggs laid per nest was 113 with mean number of yolked eggs being 83.5 and yolkless 29.3. The mean incubation period was 59.5 days overall (SD 3.5) with a hatch success overall of 16.75%. Relocated nests had significantly lower hatch success than in situ nests and poaching rates decreased over the course of this study. From 2006–2016, a total of 191 blood samples were collected from 118 individual animals. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters are outlined and changes in values in individuals over the course of nesting seasons and association with remigration intervals are described. The goal of this study was to report on 14 years of leatherback monitoring and determine the baseline health profile of the nesting leatherback population in St. Kitts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Mentha pulegium leaves and flowers harvested in three different Sicilian areas were investigated from a micromorphological, phytochemical and biological point of view. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of spherocrystalline masses of diosmin both in the leaf epidermal cells and in thin flower petals. Two different chemotypes were identified (I, kaempferide/rosmarinic acid; II, jaceidin isomer A). Phytochemical screening identified plant from collection site II as the richest in total phenolics (16.74 g GAE/100 g DE) and that from collection site I as the richest in flavonoids (46.56 g RE/100 g DE). Seventy-seven metabolites were identified both in flower and leaf extracts. Plant from site II showed the best antioxidant (0.90–83.72 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (27.44–196.31 µg/mL) activity expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, ORAC, BSA denaturation and protease inhibition assays. These data were also corroborated by in vitro cell-based assays on lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Moreover, plant of site II showed the best antiangiogenic properties (IC50 33.43–33.60 µg/mL) in vivo on a chick chorioallantoic membrane. In conclusion, pedoclimatic conditions influence the chemotype and the biological activity of M. pulegium, with chemotype I showing the most promising biological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with beneficial effects against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In particular, the content of micronutrients leads to an improvement of the oxidative and inflammatory profiles. A randomized, parallel, controlled study, on 24 subjects, was conducted to evaluate if 2-week supplementation with a mixed apple and bergamot juice (MAB juice), had a positive impact on the body composition, the biochemical profile, and oxidative and inflammatory gene expression (Superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ), catalase (CAT), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NFKB1), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)), respect to a MedDiet. Body composition evaluation analysis showed a gain in lean mass (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant reduction in total cholesterol/HDL index (p < 0.01) was pointed out between the two groups. Gene expression analysis highlighted an increase in MIF (p ≤ 0.05), PPARγ (p < 0.001), SOD1 (p ≤ 0.05), and VDR (p ≤ 0.05) expressions when comparing MedDiet and MedDiet + MAB juice groups. These data based on the nutrigenomics approach demonstrated that supplementing 2 weeks of MAB juice to the MedDiet could contribute to a reduction in the risk of CNCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Punica granatum is a rich source of bioactive compounds which exhibit various biological effects. In this study, pomegranate peel and leaf ethanolic crude extracts (PPE and PLE, respectively) were phytochemically characterized and screened for antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. LC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis led to the identification of different compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The low IC50 values, obtained by DPPH and FRAP assays, showed a noticeable antioxidant effect of PPE and PLE comparable to the reference standards. Both crude extracts and their main compounds (gallic acid, ellagic acid and punicalagin) were not toxic on Vero cells and exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) viral plaques formation. Specifically, PPE inhibited HSV-1 adsorption to the cell surface more than PLE. Indeed, the viral DNA accumulation, the transcription of viral genes and the expression of viral proteins were significantly affected by PPE treatment. Amongst the compounds, punicalagin, which is abundant in PPE crude extract, inhibited HSV-1 replication, reducing viral DNA and transcripts accumulation, as well as proteins of all three phases of the viral replication cascade. In contrast, no antibacterial activity was detected. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Punica granatum peel and leaf extracts, especially punicalagin, could be a promising therapeutic candidate against HSV-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The misidentification between edible and poisonous plants is an increasing problem because of the new trend to collect wild plants, especially by amateur collectors who do not have the botanical skills to distinguish between edible and toxic species. Moreover, morphologically similar species are sometimes responsible for accidental contamination or used in the intentional adulteration of products for human and animal consumption. Laurus nobilis L. (laurel) and Prunus laurocerasus L. (cherry laurel) are typical ornamental shrubs of the Mediterranean region. Laurel is considered a non-toxic plant, widely used as flavorings. Conversely, cherry laurel leaves, morphologically similar to those of laurel, contain toxic cyanogenic glycosides. Considering this, the aim of this study was to carry out an in-depth evaluation of laurel and cherry laurel leaves by using light and scanning electron microscopy coupled with three step phytochemical analyses (qualitative and quantitative colorimetric assays and liquid chromatography). This allowed to highlight the distinguishing features of plant species investigated features such as the venation pattern, presence/absence of nectaries, calcium oxalate crystals, secretory idioblasts, and cyanogenic glycosides. Concluding, this multidisciplinary approach can be useful for the identification of plants but also fragments or pruning residues containing cyanogenic glycosides, in quality control tests, intoxications, and criminal cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alnus glutinosa (namely black alder or European alder) is a tree of the Betulaceae family widely spread through Europe, Southeastern Asia, the Caucasus mountains, and Western Siberia. Its bark is traditionally used for medicinal purposes as an astringent, cathartic, febrifuge, emetic, hemostatic, and tonic, suggesting that it may contain bioactive compounds useful to counteract inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of A. glutinosa stem bark extract (AGE) by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis and to validate some biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties by in vitro and in vivo models (chick chorioallantoic membranes and zebrafish embryos), that can justify its use against inflammatory-based diseases. The AGE showed a high total phenols content expressed as gallic acid equivalents (0.71 g GAE/g of AGE). Diarylheptanoids have been identified as the predominant compounds (0.65 g/g of AGE) with oregonin, which alone constitutes 74.67% of the AGE. The AGE showed a strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant (IC50 0.15–12.21 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 5.47–12.97 µg/mL) activity. Furthermore, it showed promising anti-angiogenic activity, inhibiting both the vessel growth (IC50 23.39 µg/egg) and the release of an endogenous phosphatase alkaline enzyme (IC50 44.24 µg/embryo). In conclusion, AGE is a promising source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angio-modulator compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morning headache (MH) is a frequent condition with a not fully explained pathogenesis. During the past years, several studies have been performed to identify a better diet therapy to reduce the frequency and intensity of headaches. Our study aims to determine if an adequate omega-3 (&-3) intake in a Modified Mediterranean Diet (MMD) can improve the frequency and intensity of MH and, subsequently, the quality of life. Of the 150 enrolled subjects, 95 met the inclusion criteria (63.3%). Patients were included in the study and randomized into two groups: group A following MMD A and group B following MMD B. The MMD A group was designed to arise at least a 1.5:1 &-6/&-3 ratio; the MMD B group was designed to derive at least a 4:1 &-6/&-3 ratio. Eighty-four subjects completed the 6 weeks intervention (56%). After 6 weeks (t1), group A showed a significant reduction in both Headache Impact Test-6 and Visual Analog Scale scores (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). During dietary treatment, group A progressively dismissed ketoprofen-based pharmacological treatment (p = 0.002) from baseline to t1. Furthermore, a decrease in the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio at t1 in group A (p = 0.02) was observed compared to group B. Concluding, this study provides evidence of a positive impact of &-3-enriched MMD regimen on the inflammatory status and MH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related liver fibrosis results in the encapsulation of injured liver parenchyma by a collagenous scar mainly imputable to hepatic stellate cells' activation. Approved pharmacological treatments against NAFLD-related fibrosis are still lacking, but natural compounds such as hydroxytyrosol (HXT) and vitamin E (VitE), are emerging as promising therapeutic opportunities. In this study, the potential anti-fibrotic effect of HXT + VitE combination therapy was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In particular, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β-activated LX-2 cells as an in vitro model, and carbon tetrachloride plus a Western diet as a mice model were employed. The effect of HXT + VitE on fibrosis was also investigated in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Our results demonstrated that HXT + VitE caused a reduction of proliferation, migration, contractility, and expression of pro-fibrogenic genes in TGF-β-activated LX-2 cells. HXT + VitE treatment also antagonized TGF-β-dependent upregulation of pro-oxidant NOX2 by interfering with nuclear translocation/activation of SMAD2/3 transcription factors. The mouse model of NAFLD-related fibrosis treated with HXT + VitE showed a marked reduction of fibrosis pattern by histology and gene expression. Accordingly, in children with NAFLD, HXT + VitE treatment caused a decrease of circulating levels of PIIINP and NOX2 that was supported over time. Our study suggests that HXT + VitE supplementation may improve NAFLD-related fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees from various plant sources, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine for several purposes all over the world. The precise composition of propolis varies according to plant source, seasons harvesting, geography, type of bee flora, climate changes, and honeybee species at the site of collection. This apiary product has broad clinical applications such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic as well asimmunomodulatory effects. It is also well known from traditional uses in treating purulent disorders, improving the wound healing, and alleviating many of the related discomforts. Even if its use was already widespread since ancient times, after the First and Second World War, it has grown even more as well as the studies to identify its chemical and pharmacological features, allowing to discriminate the qualities of propolis in terms of the chemical profile and relative biological activity based on the geographic place of origin. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out and new insights into the pharmaceutical prospects of this bee product in the management of different disorders, have been highlighted. Specifically, the available literature confirms the efficacy of propolis and its bioactive compounds in the reduction of cancer progression, inhibition of bacterial and viral infections as well as mitigation of parasitic-related symptoms, paving the way to the use of propolis as an alternative approach to improve the human health. However, a more conscious use of propolis in terms of standardized extracts as well as new clinical studies are needed to substantiate these health claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As shown in Figure 2A, the exposure of Calu-3, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells to 10 M HXT (PLpro + HXT) caused a statistically significant reduction of PLpro mRNA with respect to untreated counterpart (PLpro) after 24 h. The histograms report GSH/GSSG ratio (A), percentage of ROS release (B), and levels of NO (C), TBARS (D) and protein carbonyl (E) in Calu-3, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells expressing PLpro (PLpro) compared to empty vector (pCMV3). (A) PLpro mRNA expression in Calu-3, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells after transfection with plasmid for PLpro (PLpro) or empty vector (pCMV3). [Extracted from the article]

Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W. D. J. Koch (Apiaceae) is a worldwide perennial herb native to the mountains of central Southern Europe. The rhizome has a long tradition in popular medicine, while ethnobotanical surveys have revealed local uses of leaves for superficial injuries. To experimentally validate these uses, plant material was collected in the Gran Paradiso National Park, Aosta Valley, Italy, and the rhizome and leaves were micromorphologically and phytochemically characterized. Polyphenol-enriched hydroalcoholic rhizome and leaf extracts, used in cell-free assays, showed strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In vitro tests revealed cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition by the leaf extract, while the rhizome extract induced only lipoxygenase inhibition. MTT assays on HaCaT keratinocytes and L929 fibroblasts showed low cytotoxicity of extracts. In vitro scratch wound test on HaCaT resulted in a strong induction of wound closure with the leaf extract, while the effect of the rhizome extract was lower. The same test on L929 cells showed similar wound closure induction with both extracts. The results confirmed the traditional medicinal uses of the rhizome as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing remedy for superficial injuries but also highlighted that the leaves can be exploited for these purposes with equal or superior effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocompatibility in hemodialysis (HD) has considerably improved in recent decades, but remains an open issue to be solved, appearing essential to reduce systemic inflammation and enhance patients' clinical outcomes. Clotting prevention, reduction in complement and leukocyte activation, and improvement of antioxidant effect represent the main goals. This review aims to analyze the different pathways involved in HD patients, leading to immune system dysfunction and inflammation. In particular, we mostly review the evidence about thrombogenicity, which probably represents the most important characteristic of bio-incompatibility. Platelet activation is one of the first steps occurring in HD patients, determining several events causing chronic sub-clinical inflammation and immune dysfunction involvement. Moreover, oxidative stress processes, resulting from a loss of balance between pro-oxidant factors and antioxidant mechanisms, have been described, highlighting the link with inflammation. We updated both innate and acquired immune system dysfunctions and their close link with uremic toxins occurring in HD patients, with several consequences leading to increased mortality. The elucidation of the role of immune dysfunction and inflammation in HD patients would enhance not only the understanding of disease physiopathology, but also has the potential to provide new insights into the development of therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the recovery of agri-food waste within the circular economy perspective. In this study, the nutritional, phytochemical, and biological features of the cold-pressed hempseed oil (HSO) and hempseed meal (HSM) of two industrial hemp varieties (USO 31 and Futura 75, THC ≤ 0.2%) were evaluated. The HSOs showed a high total phenols and flavonoid content, which were confirmed by LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, with rutin as the most abundant compound (56.93–77.89 µg/100 FW). They also proved to be a rich source of tocopherols (81.69–101.45 mg/100 g FW) and of a well-balanced ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acid ratio (3:1) with USO 31, which showed the best phytochemical profile and consequently the best antioxidant activity (about two times higher than Futura 75). The HSMs still retained part of the phytochemicals identified in the HSOs (polyphenols, tocopherols, and the preserved ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids ratio) and a modest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, they showed a very interesting nutritional profile, which was very rich in proteins (29.88–31.44 g/100 g FW), crude fibers (18.39–19.67 g/100 g), and essential and non-essential amino acids. Finally, only a restrained amount of anti-nutritional factors (trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, and condensed tannins) was found, suggesting a promising re-use of these byproducts in the nutraceutical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite COVID-19 outbreak, the program of the 2022 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (PDM3) was confirmed On-site in February from March 30 to April 2, 2022 to be held at the University of Padua Aula Magna and at Conference Hall of the Hotel Petrarca of Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. Over 130 abstracts, including the last-minute submissions listed below, convinced organizers to extend the program to five days. The sponsorship of the University of Florida and the willingness of attendees to meet friends after two years of virtual conferences were the keys of success, despite concerns for current events in East Europe. Only fourteen Virtual presentations were in the final program, eight due to last-minute Coronavirus infections and six for East Europe problems. The first two days of the programincluded scientists and clinicians of the University of Florida, USA and their invitees from Canada, France, Italy, Swiden, Swiss, UK and USA. Researchers and clinicians from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, UK and USA filled the program of last three days more oriented to aging and rehabilitation. The large majority of abstracts was epublished before the meeting; here are last-minute abstracts and the final program. The program of the 2023 On-site PDM3 was informally designed during the Meeting, but will be circulated during 2022 summer. Fix the dates in your agenda from Thursday March 28 to Friday March 31. For now, please, submit Communications to the European Journal of Translational Myology, PAGEpress, Pavia, Italy and Original Articles or Reviews to the Journal Diagnostics, MDPI, Basel, Swiss. Both journals will host Special PDM3 Sections and will apply 50% discount on editorial processing fees to the first 15 accepted typescripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing activity of Algerian Lavandula stoechas and Mentha pulegium methanol extracts (LE and ME, respectively) in order to scientifically validate their traditional use. After a preliminary phytochemical screening, a polyphenol profile characterization was carried out by RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by different in vitro assays such as DPPH, TEAC, FRAP and ORAC whereas antimicrobial activity was carried out against representative standard ATCC and clinical Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains as well as against Candida albicans. The wound healing activity of ointments containing 5% and 10% of LE and ME was investigated on Wistar albino rats. Different polyphenol classess (flavones, flavonols and phenolic acids) were identified with rosmarinic acid that was the most abundant compound in both extracts (5658.40 and 1201.35 mg/100 g of LE and ME, respectively). LE and ME have strong antioxidant activity, whereas they showed antimicrobial activity only against S. aureus. However, both 5% and 10% LE and ME ointments significantly accelerated the wound healing process in comparison with negative control, providing a scientific rationale for the traditional use of L. stoechas and M. pulegium aerial parts in the treatment of wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many studies have highlighted the health effects of betalains beyond their use as food dyes. The present study investigated betalain-rich extracts with different colors and their main bioactive compounds in order to provide first evidence as a new promising strategy for intestinal inflammation management. Prickly pear betalain–rich extracts, obtained by a QuEChERS method, have been characterized by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The potential role of betanin, indicaxanthin, and prickly pear extracts in counteracting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory events was evaluated by several in vitro cell-free and cell-based assays. Indicaxanthin and betanin represent the most abundant compounds (≥22.27 ± 4.50 and 1.16 ± 0.17 g/100 g dry extract, respectively). Prickly pear extracts showed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with respect to the pure betalains both on in vitro cell-free and cell-based assays, demonstrating the occurrence of synergistic activity, without any cytotoxicity or alteration of the barrier systems. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and key inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, and NO) was strongly inhibited by both betalains and even more by prickly pear extracts, which showed a similar and sometimes better profile than the reference compounds trolox and dexamethasone in counteracting the IL-1β–induced intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study was to evaluate and compare the phytochemical profile, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of two standardized extracts from non‐psychotropic (Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol ≤0.2%) Cannabis sativa L. var. fibrante rich in cannabidiol (CBD). The two extracts, namely Cannabis Fibrante Hexane Extract 1 (CFHE1) and Cannabis Fibrante Hexane Extract 2 (CFHE2), were obtained by extraction with acidified hexane from dried flowering tops as such and after hydrodistillation of the essential oil, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that cannabinoids remained the predominant class of compounds in both extracts (82.56% and 86.38%, respectively), whereas a marked depletion of the terpenes occurred. Moreover, liquid chromatographic analysis highlighted a high titer of cannabidiol acid (CBDA) and CBD in CFHE1 and CFHE2, respectively. Both extracts showed a strong and concentration‐dependent antioxidant activity and a potent antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC and MBC of 4.88 μg/ml for CFHE1, and 4.88 and 19.53 μg/ml, respectively, for CFHE2) and methicillin resistant clinical strains (MIC values between 1.22 and 9.77 μg/ml and MBC values between 4.88 and 78.13 μg/ml). Considering this, the obtained results suggest that standardized extracts of C. sativa var. fibrante could find promising applications as novel antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study an acidified methanol pistachio hull extract was investigated for antioxidant and inhibitory effects on melanin biosynthesis by in vitro and in vivo assays. The chromatographic analysis revealed that cyanidin-3-O-galactoside represents the main compound (98.37%). The pistachio hull extract efficiently inhibits the mono and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase (IC50= 141.07 and 116.08 μg/mL, respectively) and it was able, thanks to its strong antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities, to hinder the L-DOPA auto-oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner (125-500 μg/mL). Results of in vivo assay showed that the treatment with pistachio hull extract (10 μg/mL) reduced pigmentation in zebrafish embryos at early stages of development (60.01% of inhibition vs control). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ripe pistachio hull may be considered as a promising source of antioxidant and skin whitening agents for the development of new products useful in preventing the pigmentation disorders in humans and/or to improve the food quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of two extracts from a new Chinese accession (G‐309) of Cannabis sativa L. (Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol <0.2%) with high content of propyl side chain phytocannabinoids. Dried flowering tops, as such and after hydrodistillation of the essential oil, were extracted with acidic hexane to produce the Cannabis Chinese hexane extract 1 (CChHE1) and 2 (CChHE2), respectively. The phytochemical profile of CChHE1 and CChHE2 was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–diode array detector–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS) analyses. The antioxidant properties were assessed by several in vitro cell‐free assays. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans. Phytochemical analyses highlighted a high content of cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and tetraydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) in CChHE1, and cannabidivarin (CBDV) and tetraydrocannabivarin (THCV) in CChHE2. Both extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity and strong antimicrobial properties (MIC 39.06 and MBC 39.06–78.13 μg/ml) against both ATCC and methicillin‐resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, standardized extracts of C. sativa Chinese accession could be promising for their possible use as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of widespread S. aureus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]