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Adler emphasized social interest as a social adaptive lifestyle. The study used a nudge strategy to generate social interest in middle school students through a volunteer program. If student gets a good reward for volunteering, it can be a nudge naturally toward social interest. The dependent variables for the volunteer program as a nudge are inferiority complex, social interest, and game over‐immersion. Using convenience sampling, it was assigning 28 participants to two groups each. The experimental group participated in an intervention consisting of 9 sessions of 90 min each, once a week. Both groups were assessed before and after intervention and at a 4‐weeks follow‐up. Program effectiveness was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that it was a significant difference in inferiority complex between the experimental and control groups immediately after intervention, and that it was a strong difference in social interest and game over‐emersion both immediately after the experiment and 4 weeks later. Therefore, it proposes that volunteer programs to increase social interest and transition to a pro‐social lifestyle be included as a nudge in school extracurricular activities or curriculum. Practitioner points: Well‐intentioned school volunteer program that includes a nudge strategy plays a role in encouraging adolescents to experience joy and rewards rather than coercion and obligation, and can be a gentle and natural comprehensive education tool that relieves feelings of inferiority.The steady increase in social interest immediately after the intervention and after follow‐up indicates the effectiveness of the nudge volunteer program, and the Ministry of Education should encourage the development of volunteer programs and train educational experts to improve social interest through various experiences.The fact that the nudge volunteer program is effective in reducing game over‐immersion means that volunteering experienced in adolescents can lead to changes in desirable lifestyles. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education and school officials must continue to provide support so that those in charge can run the program well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest influence two-person decision making. However, it remains unclear how these three factors jointly influence three-person bargaining. We investigated the impact of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest on fairness decisions in a three-person ultimatum game and a third-party punishment dictator game. The results of the ultimatum game showed that in the condition of positive social interest, the acceptance rate of unfair/fair offers was higher when third players had attractive faces or attractive voices. Attractive faces of third players also increased acceptance rates of unfair/unfair offers than unattractive faces when third players expressed negative social interest. In the third-party punishment game, participants rated unfair allocations from unattractive-voice proposers with attractive faces (compared to unattractive faces) and proposers who expressed negative social interest (compared to positive social interest) as more reasonable. Regarding the punishment intentions, among the three factors, both the effect of vocal attractiveness and social interest were modulated by the combinations of the other two factors, while the effect of facial attractiveness remains robust across all conditions. These findings suggest that fairness decisions in three-person bargaining games are affected by beauty premium and social interest, while these effects vary across different decision contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating role of social interest in predicting the effect of authenticity on fear of growing up in emerging adulthood university students, which is proposed as a new developmental concept. Data were collected from 355 students (291 female, 64 male) studying at universities in Ankara. The study method was a relational survey, and the mediation model to be developed was tested. Personal information form, Authenticity Scale, Fear of Growth Scale, and Social Interest Scale were used to collect data. SPSS 28 program was used in data analysis, and Hayes macro was used in the mediation analysis of social interest in the effect of authenticity levels on fear of growth. The data of the study were collected online via Google Forms. According to the results, as authenticity increases, fear of growth decreases. There is a good and positive relationship between authenticity and social interest, and social interest hurts fear of growth. The mediation analysis of social interest in predicting the effect of authenticity on fear of growth was conducted, and partial mediation was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study involving unobtrusive observations of salespeople's behaviors in sales settings surfaces a novel insight: a salesperson's selling effectiveness with a customer may be enhanced by the way the salesperson interacts with secondary entities, such as objects and people outside the core salesperson–customer dyad. Based on this insight and social interest theory, this research introduces the construct of secondary selling. It refers to a salesperson interacting with secondary entities in a manner that indicates to a focal customer that the salesperson values these entities. The pattern of results from four follow-on studies using multiple methods and data sources indicates that, in general, secondary selling reduces a focal customer's reactance to a salesperson's recommendations, which leads to higher sales revenue and customer satisfaction. Customers with high persuasion knowledge (compared with customers with lower persuasion knowledge) are more favorably influenced by secondary selling involving company property but less favorably influenced by secondary selling involving nonfocal customers. In addition to reducing a focal customer's reactance to sales recommendations, secondary selling also helps primary selling (targeted at a focal customer) reduce the customer's reactance to a greater extent. Overall, the results provide evidence of the pervasive and influential role of secondary selling in boosting sales revenue and customer satisfaction in sales exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional research design was used to examine the relationship between personality, self-compassion and social interest levels of 351 psychological counsellor candidates. Data were collected with the Personality Test of Adjectives, the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form, and the Social Interest Index. Correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze data. A moderately negative relationship was found between self-compassion and neuroticism, while a moderately positive relationship was found between extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness, and a low-level positive relationship was found between agreeableness. While a moderate negative relationship was observed between social interest and neuroticism, a moderate positive relationship was found between extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and responsibility. Personality explained 47.6% of the variance regarding self-compassion and 42.2% of the variance regarding social interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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University students in early adulthood indeed encounter diverse developmental demands, particularly in the realm of relationships and social development. This stage often involves considerations related to establishing families and entering into marriage or long-term partnerships. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a premarital counseling program grounded in the Adlerian approach in enhancing intimacy and social interest among a sample of single university students. The sample comprised 718 single young individuals from a public university in Jordan. Among them, 38 students displaying low social interest and experiencing fear of intimacy voluntarily participated. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 19 participants and a control group of 19 participants. The study utilized two measurement scales-one for fear of intimacy and another for social interest. The group counseling program, consisting of 11 sessions, was administered. The findings revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in pre- and post-measurements, indicating the positive impact of the group counseling program on the experimental group. Additionally, follow-up assessments indicated that the beneficial effects of the group counseling program were sustained over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study employed dictator game and ultimatum game to investigate the effect of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness and social interest in expressing positive ("I like you") versus negative signals ("I don't like you") on decision making. Female participants played against male recipients in dictator game and ultimatum game while played against male proposers in ultimatum game. Results showed that participants offered recipients with attractive faces more money than recipients with unattractive faces. Participants also offered recipients with attractive voices more money than recipients with unattractive voices, especially under the positive social interest condition. Moreover, participants allocated more money to recipients who expressed positive social interest than those who expressed negative social interest, whereas they would also expect proposers who expressed positive social interest to offer them more money than proposers who expressed negative social interest. Overall, the results inform beauty premium for faces and voices on opposite-sex economic bargaining. Social interest also affects decision outcomes. However, the beauty premium and effect of social interest varies with participants' roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the attractiveness of voices plays an important role in social interactions, it is unclear how voice attractiveness and social interest influence social decision‐making. Here, we combined the ultimatum game with recording event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) and examined the effect of attractive versus unattractive voices of the proposers, expressing positive versus negative social interest ("I like you" vs. "I don't like you"), on the acceptance of the proposal. Overall, fair offers were accepted at significantly higher rates than unfair offers, and high voice attractiveness increased acceptance rates for all proposals. In ERPs in response to the voices, their attractiveness and expressed social interests yielded early additive effects in the N1 component, followed by interactions in the subsequent P2, P3 and N400 components. More importantly, unfair offers elicited a larger Medial Frontal Negativity (MFN) than fair offers but only when the proposer's voice was unattractive or when the voice carried positive social interest. These results suggest that both voice attractiveness and social interest moderate social decision‐making and there is a similar "beauty premium" for voices as for faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article examines the role of social interest and stress tolerance in the successful performance of future educators and analyzes the significance of these qualities in their role as professional requirements. It includes a study with pedagogy students, which is aimed at determining whether there exists a relationship between the two aforementioned important qualities of a teacher’s professiogram. This research featuring pedagogy students shows that the individuals who possess the highest level of social interest also demonstrate better stress tolerance. The results of the study are supported with statistics and analyzed from the perspective of the Adlerian understanding of personality as an indivisible whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to examine the mediation effects of social interest on the relationship between internalized shame and interpersonal problems among Korean university students. Participants comprised of 463 Korean university students who completed questionnaires including inventories of internalized shame, interpersonal problems, and social interest. Mediation effects were examined by analyzing data through SPSS 21.0 and the SPSS Process Macro program (model 4). The results were as follows: First, social interest showed a significant negative correlation with interpersonal problems. Second, social interest had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between internalized shame and interpersonal problems. Third, social interest exhibited a partial mediating effect on the relationship between internalized shame and the subtypes of interpersonal problems (moving against and moving away). Based on the results, implications for counseling strategies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study has been conducted to analyse the mediating role of jealousy in the relationship between social interest and partner violence in romantic relationships. The research group consisted of 402 emerging adults who were reached by convenient sampling method, who had a romantic relationship and who were students of a state university in Turkey. The data were collected with "Multi-dimensional Jealousy Scale, Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale-Revised form and Adlerian Social Interest Scale-Romantic Relationship Form. Mediation analysis showed that jealousy had a mediating role in the relationship between social interest and partner violence. Positive correlation was found between jealousy and partner violence, while social interest and jealousy and partner violence were found to be negatively correlated. As a result of Multivariate Hotelling T2, the main effect of gender on social interest, partner violence and jealousy in romantic relationships scores were found to be significant. Men were found to have significantly higher jealousy and partner violence levels and lower social interest levels than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article aims to present the concept of social interest applied within the scope of Corporate Law and interpret it according to its application in Portuguese and Spanish Law, in order to subsequently find out if the theoretical concept is applied differently in the normative-legal context of these countries. As a result of this theoretical-interpretative analysis, an attempt will be made to understand whether the concept has evolved towards an understanding of the value creation of the socially responsible company from the same perspective of corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Act of 12 July 1984 on Spatial Planning ensured the primacy of social interest over individual interest. This superiority was a manifestation of the authoritarian tendencies of the legislator. The normative measures ensuring this supremacy were the principle of planned development and the linking of spatial development plans with social and economic plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Research of the University of Quindio / Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindio is the property of Journal of Research of the University of Quindio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the issue of distributing dividends to the shareholders in an amount lower than that relating to the number of shares held in the company, in the context in which the decision regarding the distribution of dividends belongs to the general meeting of the shareholders. Law No. 31/1990 of companies allows the distribution of dividends to the shareholders in a different amount from their participation quota in the paid-up share capital, but only under certain special conditions. Such an uneven or unfair distribution must be decided by the vote of all the shareholders of the company and without infringing the ownership right over the shares. According to article 67 of Law No. 31/1990, the shareholders of a company are the beneficiaries of a share of the profit, respectively the dividends, in principle in proportion to the participation quota in the paid-up share capital, as provided for in the articles of incorporation. However, this rule also bears some exceptions, but without prejudice to the ownership of shares enjoyed by shareholders (provisions also covering limited liability companies). The general meeting of shareholders cannot establish a fixed amount constituting the amount of the dividends, since they are determined mainly annually, depending on the profit made by the company, by reference to the financial statements and whether or not the shareholders' decision to reinvest the profit obtained was adopted [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The term 'vested interest' is often used with a negative connotation, with regard to powerful and wealthy firms or groups who exploit their insider position or block policy changes that others believe would benefit the social interest, the latter potentially including future generations. But the term vested interests also covers members of the public who have rights to participate in public debate. So, how should we understand 'vested interests' for the purpose of improving and democratising policymaking processes? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature: Numerous studies have examined the relationship between family performance and social interest. However, no study has examined the structural model of the relationship between family performance and social interest with the mediating role of self-differentiation. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between family performance and social interest with the mediating role of self-differentiation in university students. Method: The present study was a structural equation correlational study using PLS software and survey method. The statistical population of the study included all the students of Islamic Azad University of Khomeini Shahr Branch in the 2019-2020 academic year. The sample size was 300 students who were selected by random cluster sampling based on the number of students in different faculties. The Family Assessment Device (FAD) by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop (1983), the Differentiation of Self Inventory by Skowron and Friedlander (1998), and Social Interest Index by Greever et al. (1973) were used to collect research data. Results: Testing the research model showed that the direct effect of family performance on social interest has been confirmed. On the other hand, considering the significant effect of family performance on selfdifferentiation as well as self-differentiation on social interest, the mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between family performance and social interest is confirmed (p<0.05). Accordingly, family performance both has a direct effect on social interest and affects social interest through self-differentiation. Conclusion: Among the achievements of this study, the increase in self-differentiation can be mentioned which improves family performance and in this way enhances social interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problems of the legal organization of public authority in the context of ensuring social interest. Given the idea of constitutionally limited power, the study considers two key elements of the mechanism for ensuring social interest - organizational and legal. The content of these elements is considered in the logic of their relationship with one another. Conclusions are made about their complementarity, on the one hand, and a certain degree of competition, on the other hand, and the problems of collisions between the elements under consideration are also revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of the current study was to examine the relations between narcissism and Adler's community feeling. Based on theoretical considerations, we claim that community feeling can be treated as an opposite pole of narcissism and we expected that: (1) both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism would be negatively related to community feeling and that (2) grandiose and vulnerable narcissism would be positively related to anti-community domination and isolation. A sample of 520 university students (Mage = 21.37, SDage = 4.31) completed the Community Feeling Questionnaire (CFQ), the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS). Structural equation modeling largely confirmed our expectations. These results suggest that narcissism can be understood in terms of a deficit in community feeling. It turned out that community feeling and narcissism are related constructs but they are not reducible to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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