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We also did not conduct performance characterisation studies and relied upon imaging and infusion protocols from a prior proof of concept study.12 The fluorophore dose and imaging time points were not individually optimised for each of the imaging platforms, but these techniques have demonstrated efficacy in NIR imaging of multiple malignancies.14-16 Finally, our study relies upon the primary surgeon's subjective impression of tumour NIR fluorescence and adequate tumour-margin delineation, rather than a standardised, quantifiable measure of fluorescence. Head and neck cancer, indocyanine green dye, intraoperative imaging, optical imaging, near-infrared imaging, precision surgery In this study, we compared the performance of a surgical robot-integrated NIR camera system to a dedicated NIR imaging platform for SWIG imaging during TORS for OPSCC. Keywords: head and neck cancer; indocyanine green dye; intraoperative imaging; near-infrared imaging; optical imaging; precision surgery EN head and neck cancer indocyanine green dye intraoperative imaging near-infrared imaging optical imaging precision surgery 589 593 5 08/05/22 20220901 NES 220901 Key Points Prior studies demonstrated a failure to identify and localise head and neck cancers via near-infrared (NIR) imaging of indocyanine green (ICG) with a robot-integrated platform. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Surgery + adjuvant therapy was shown to have improved overall survival (OS) versus nonsurgical treatment in T1‐T2N1‐N2b human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Our objective was to compare OS in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with neck dissection versus nonsurgical treatment for T1‐T2N0 HPV‐negative OPC. Methods: Patients with T1‐T2N0 HPV‐negative OPC were identified in the National Cancer Database. OS was compared between groups: (1) TORS with neck dissection +/− adjuvant therapy, (2) primary radiotherapy (>60 Gy) +/− chemotherapy using Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: There were 665 (78.4%) patients treated nonsurgically and 183 (21.6%) patients in the TORS group. Adjusting for age, comorbidity score, facility type, tumor subsite, and tumor stage, primary nonsurgical treatment was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.34–2.69). Conclusion: For T1‐T2N0 HPV‐negative OPC, TORS with neck dissection may be associated with a survival benefit over nonsurgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: (1) To compare perioperative outcomes and overall survival of patients with oropharyngeal salivary gland malignancies (OPSGMs) treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) versus other approaches. (2) To identify clinical factors associated with a robotic surgical approach. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Setting: NCDB. Methods: Data obtained from the NCDB were analyzed between 2010 and 2017 for patients with T1-T4a OPSGMs without distant metastases treated surgically. Patients were stratified by surgical approach (TORS vs nonrobotic), and clinicopathologic factors were compared with the t test or chi-square test for continuous or categorical variables, respectively. Overall survival was analyzed by patient demographics and clinical factors according to Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Factors associated with TORS were assessed with logistic regression. Results: A total of 785 patients were analyzed. A non–soft palate primary site (odds ratio, 12.9; 95% CI, 6.6-25.2) and treatment at an academic facility (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5) were independently associated with TORS. There were no significant differences in the positive margin rate, 30-day mortality, or overall survival between the groups. The 30-day unplanned readmission rate was higher in patients treated with TORS versus nonrobotic resections (5.8% vs 1.7%, P =.0004). When stratified by tumor subsite, there was a significant decrease in hospital length of stay in patients with tongue base tumors undergoing TORS versus nonrobotic resections (P =.029). Conclusion: This study suggests that TORS may be a viable treatment modality for appropriately selected patients with OPSGM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus has serially overtaken our metropolitan hospitals. At peak, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may outnumber mechanical ventilators. In our Miami Hospital System, COVID‐19 cases have multiplied for 4 weeks and elective surgery has been suspended. Methods: An Otolaryngologic Triage Committee was created to appropriately allocate resources to patients. Hospital ethicists provided support. Our tumor conference screened patients for nonsurgical options. Patients were tested twice for coronavirus before performing urgent contaminated operations. N95 masks and protective equipment were conserved when possible. Patients with low‐grade cancers were advised to delay surgery, and other difficult decisions were made. Results: Hundreds of surgeries were canceled. Sixty‐five cases screened over 3 weeks are tabulated. Physicians and patients expressed discomfort regarding perceived deviations from standards, but risk of COVID‐19 exposure tempered these discussions. Conclusions: We describe the use of actively managed surgical triage to fairly balance our patient's health with public health concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While optical imaging with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye has been used in oncologic surgery, its use in the head and neck has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using NIR to visualize primary tumor and regional metastasis in head and neck malignancy. Patients undergoing resection of primary head and neck tumors were included in this pilot study. Each patient was injected with indocyanine green dye (ICG) the day prior to surgery. The VisionSense Iridium camera system was used to visualize the primary lesion, its margins, and neck dissection specimen intraoperatively. Fourteen patients were enrolled. Eighty-six percent of primary tumors showed fluorescence as compared with surrounding tissues. ICG positivity showed 100% sensitivity for pathologic nodes in 7 neck dissection specimens; however, for 3 patients, nonpathologic nodes also showed ICG positivity. NIR imaging with ICG dye can be considered for intraoperative imaging of head and neck lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the last several decades, transoral resection techniques for treatment of supraglottic lesions have become increasingly favored to reduce the need for either open transcervical resection or primary chemoradiation. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers advantages in visualization, dissection control, and access to remove bulky tumors en bloc. However, the management of the airway for these cases tends to vary, without clear guidelines as to when a tracheostomy is necessary. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent transoral robotic supraglottic partial laryngectomy at a large academic center from May 2005 through December 2016 was performed. Airway management was examined, specifically as it pertains to whether a tracheostomy was performed at the time of surgery or otherwise. Demographic and tumor characteristics were also evaluated. Results: Sixty-three patients were included. Forty (63%) were male, the average age at surgery was 63.6, and the majority (90.5%) underwent resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottis. Thirty-nine patients (62%) underwent the procedure with standard endotracheal intubation using a wire-reinforced tube. Of these, four patients required subsequent tracheostomy- 2 for laryngeal edema postoperatively, one for airway management during a postoperative bleeding event, and one for laryngeal edema following initiation of adjuvant chemoradiation. Twenty patients (32%) underwent tracheostomy at the time of transoral resection for airway management, 17 of whom were decannulated an average of 12.2 weeks following surgery. Those who underwent tracheostomy at the time of surgery had a higher percentage of tumors involving multiple supraglottic subsites (p = 0.031), 85 vs. 54% in the group who did not undergo tracheostomy. No difference in age, BMI, clinical T-stage, or clinical N stage was found between the two groups. Conclusion: Performing a tracheostomy at the time of surgery should be considered for those patients with more extensive malignant disease (≥T2 tumors). While avoiding tracheostomy is often preferred by the patient, the maintenance of the patent airway peri- operatively should be first priority when considering airwaymanagement. Furthermore, as the majority of those patients receiving tracheostomy are decannulated within 4 months of surgery, the tracheostomy could be considered a short-term adjunct to the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (NA) characteristically affects adolescent men. Although benign, these tumors can cause local destruction and surgical resection is warranted. Objective: We present a case of a 62-year-old man with nasal congestion and epistaxis, found to be a right NA on pathology. We also present a review of the available NA staging systems. Findings: In this case of NA, imaging revealed an aggressive, hypervascular mass in the nasal cavity with involvement of the middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus. The patient underwent complete endoscopic surgical resection following vascular embolization. Conclusions: Although it is rare, NA should not be disregarded in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (NA) characteristically affects adolescent men. Although benign, these tumors can cause local destruction and surgical resection is warranted. Objective: We present a case of a 62-year-old man with nasal congestion and epistaxis, found to be a right NA on pathology. We also present a review of the available NA staging systems. Findings: In this case of NA, imaging revealed an aggressive, hypervascular mass in the nasal cavity with involvement of the middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus. The patient underwent complete endoscopic surgical resection following vascular embolization. Conclusions: Although it is rare, NA should not be disregarded in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]