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To examine the effects of water washing and acid-based deashing on the structure as well as combustion characteristics of Zhundong lignite, this study used high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements (OH-PLIF) with a specific burner and characterization techniques including XRD, BET, and ICP-AES as the method. The results indicated that both water washing and deashing can remove the ash and the main mineral alkali metals. Compared with RC, the total amount of OH release from WWC and UCC was increased attributing to the addition of combustibles and volatiles. The ignition of WWC and UCC was faster than that of RC, while the burning rate followed the opposite order. Experimental result confirms that the alkali metal and alkaline earth metals play a catalytic role in coal combustion. Meanwhile, the increase of the BET surface area and the reduction of ash are conducive to heat transfer, which is favorable for the ignition of pulverized coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the data collected by the cluster intelligent and complex optimization of the power system equipment, the cluster intelligent and complex optimization algorithms are introduced into the CAD-aided intelligent operation and maintenance of power system equipment (CAD-IOMPSE). Based on this, the CAD-aided intelligent operation and maintenance graph of power system equipment is used to apply the cluster intelligent complex data contained in the quality inspection of the different types of data obtained to restrict the relationship between different entities for the value of knowledge contained in the collected power data in the operation process and control stage of the power system. According to the types of equipment with problems in the operation of power system, the defects and problems are quickly diagnosed to quickly locate the problems and give solutions. Finally, the results of example analysis show that compared with the traditional naming entity recognition algorithm, BiLSTM-softmax and Seq2Seq-Attention model, the algorithm in this study is better than the traditional algorithm in the three evaluation index values of accuracy, recall, and F1 value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-situ catalytic pyrolysis has simple process configuration and low cost. Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis can optimize the pyrolysis capacity and upgrade catalysis, and the catalytic can be reused. But there have been few studies researched on compare in-situ and ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of the OS performed in similar reactor with two kinds of catalytic. This paper study the pyrolysis of oily sludge (OS) uses CaO and oily pyrolysis char as catalytic at 700 °C. Through analysis the pyrolysis oil (PO), pyrolysis solid (PS) and pyrolysis gas (PG) during pyrolysis procedure to research the difference between in-situ and ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results show that CaO was conducive to the synthesis of aromatics, which content more than aliphatics and heterocyclics in CaO-i (i: in-situ) and CaO-e (e: ex-situ) groups. However, char greatly inhibits the production of aromatic compounds and promotes the production of aliphatic compounds. Gas chromatography (GC) results present that the char and CaO can greatly increase the content of combustible gas and the content reach to 85.85%, the pyrolysis gas (PG) keep at the highest combustion performance in char-CaO-i group. Meanwhile, compared with uncatalyzed groups, the content of CH4 and CO increased about 2.05% and 3.93%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) show that char and CaO reduce the function groups number of pyrolysis solid (PS), and it shows that the pyrolysis reaction is more complete. This research is expecting to provide theory support for catalytic pyrolysis of OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the co-combustion of Zhundong coal and NH4H2PO4 was investigated in a laboratory-scale tube furnace. The ash fusibility, combustion performance, and ash characteristics were quantified by experimental approaches. This study also used Gibbs free energy theory to analyze the chemical reactions. The results showed that NH4H2PO4 can extend the burning time of coal and reduce combustion intensity. Moreover, NH4H2PO4 significantly changed the composition of ash, which was caused by reactions between alkali/alkaline earth metals and NH4H2PO4, increasing the sodium retention ratio of the formed ash. In addition, the newly formed phosphate crystals (i.e., Mg2P2O7, AlPO4, and Ca3(PO4)2) with higher melting temperatures contributed to the increase in fusion temperature of the formed ash, and the sodium-containing crystals (i.e., Na2CaP2O7 and NaMg4(PO4)3) contributed to the increase in the sodium retention ratio. Furthermore, NH4H2PO4 had a significant effect on the microcosmic structure, with ash showing more rough and sintering being inhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhundong coal (ZD), which has a high content of Na and low ash fusion temperature (AFT), causes a serious problem of slagging in boilers. P-rich municipal sludge has suitable properties for managing problems with alkali metals, but its insufficient utilization makes sludge management harder. Thus, co-combustion of municipal sludge and ZD may be a suitable approach to solve the problems. Different proportions of sludge were added to ZD at 900°C in different contents of O2 in a laboratory-scale tube furnace experimental system. The transformation of the minerals, the AFTs of residual ashes, and changes of the sodium retention ratio were investigated, respectively. The test results indicate that the ash fusibility of ZD and the sodium retention ratio can be improved because of the generated high-melting-point phosphates, such as Ca2.71Mg0.29(PO4)2, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), Ca9Fe(PO4)7, and Ca9MgNa(PO4)7. With increases in the proportion of sludge in blended samples, the AFTs increase, but the extent of the increase tends to be reduced. Modified sludge with a lower SiO2/Al2O3 ratio is more favorable for the improvement of the AFT. It is observed that 20% oxygen is the most suitable environment of those tested for co-combustion, avoiding the disadvantages of excessively high or low oxygen content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduced a bluish violet‐emitting phosphor Ca3Al4ZnO10:Ti (IV) (CAZO:Ti4+) synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. Upon 265 nm excitation, a broad emission band spanned from 300 nm to 500 nm and centered at 370 nm was observed. In addition, the effects of flux and charge compensation to photoluminescence properties of CAZO:Ti4+ were systematically investigated. The results show that 103% improvement of emission intensity was achieved when 1% H3BO3 flux was introduced and 32.8% enhancement of it for 2% Ca2+ vacancies doped as charge compensator. Moreover, the lifetimes, band gap energy, concentration quenching mechanism, as well as electron transition process of CAZO:Ti4+ were discussed. Due to the efficient broad bluish violet emission, this phosphor may find a potential application in mercury vapor‐excited fluorescent lamp for plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway plays important roles in immune responses and peripheral tolerance. Under pathological conditions, this pathway can suppress protective T cell responses and induce immune system disorders. Endometriosis (EM) is an estrogen-dependent, immune-associated disease. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 has been studied in a variety of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Few studies, however, have attempted to explore their expression and the possibility that they are regulated by estrogen in EM. Eutopic and ectopic endometria and blood samples were collected from 15 women with EM and 15 women without EM. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in endometrial tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Their expression in blood was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, their expression was evaluated in endometrial cells after estrogen and cytokine treatment. We observed PD-1/PD-L1 expression in both eutopic and ectopic endometria, with elevated expression in EM. Their expression was also higher in CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood from EM patients. In addition, treatment with 17β-estradiol upregulated PD-L1 expression in eutopic epithelial cells in EM. These data suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be involved in EM immune dysfunction and be regulated by estrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]