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A bromine‐substituted [2‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid, 1Br‐2PACz, is designed as hole‐selective self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), contributing to an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.35% for binary bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) based organic solar cells (OSCs). As compared to the previous high‐performance 2Br‐2PACz SAMs, 1Br‐2PACz molecules can effectively reduce the interaction of the SAM with the BTP‐eC9 nonfullerene acceptors with a decreased binding energy, resulting in the suppressed vertical self‐aggregation of BTP‐eC9 small molecules as the bottom side of PM6:BTP‐eC9 BHJ during the solidification process. There is decreased energetic disorder within photoactive layer together with more efficient charge transfer and suppressed non‐radiative recombination. Furthermore, five additional binary BHJ systems are applied in 1Br‐2PACz SAM‐based OSCs, exhibiting continuously superior performance as compared to the reference cells with conventional PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer. This work underscores the potential of advancing OSCs by fine‐tuning SAMs through halogenation strategies to improve active layer morphology and overall device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ternary strategy proves effective for breakthroughs in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Elevating three photovoltaic parameters synergistically, especially the proportion‐insensitive third component, is crucial for efficient ternary devices. This work introduces a molecular design strategy by comprehensively analyzing asymmetric end groups, side‐chain engineering, and halogenation to explore the outstanding optoelectronic properties of the proportion‐insensitive third component in efficient ternary systems. Three asymmetric non‐fullerene acceptors (BTP‐SA1, BTP‐SA2, and BTP‐SA3) are synthesized based on the Y6 framework and incorporated as the third component into the D18:Y6 binary system. BTP‐SA3, featuring asymmetric terminal (difluoro‐indone and dichloride‐cyanoindone terminal), with branched alkyl side chains, exhibited high open‐circuit voltage (VOC), balanced crystallinity and compatibility, achieving synergistic enhancements in VOC (0.862 V), short circuit‐current density (JSC, 27.52 mA cm−2), fill fact (FF, 81.01%), and power convert efficiency (PCE, 19.19%). Device based on D18/Y6:BTP‐SA3 (layer‐by‐layer processed) reached a high efficiency of 19.36%, demonstrating a high tolerance for BTP‐SA3 (10–50%). This work provides novel insights into optimizing OPVs performances in multi‐component systems and designing components with enhanced tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently gained recognition as highly effective photocatalysts for solar energy conversion, in which manipulation of the electronic structures of photocatalysts is crucial for optimizing their photocatalytic performances. In this study, four benzothiadiazole and its derivative-based COFs (HIAM-0007 to HIAM-0010) were rationally designed and synthesized, which show remarkable differences toward photocatalytic oxidative amine coupling and hydrogen peroxide generation. The benzothiadiazole-based COF exhibits efficient oxidative amine coupling with a yield of up to 99%, while the naphthothiadiazole-based COF shows the highest rate of 796 μmol g−1 h−1 for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation from air and water without additional reagents. This work underscores the variability in the activity of individual COFs across different photocatalytic reaction systems, demonstrating that the best performance is a combination of the electronic structures of COFs and the surrounding reaction environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cathode interface layers (CILs) play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, challenges arise due to the high work function of CIL and inadequate contact with the active layer, leading to high interface trap recombination and poor charge extraction. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to improve charge injection and extraction in CILs by incorporating polyphenols, trihydroxybenzoic acid (TBA). Focusing on the CIL PDINN, its work function is successfully reduced from 4.14 eV to 3.80 eV and obtained charge collection efficiency of 91.23% through TBA regulation. These enhancements can be ascribed to improved contact between the active layer and the CILs, and enhanced the formation of a fine fiber phase width and inhibited interface recombination. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the binary OSCs comprising PM6: BTP‐ec9 exhibits an increase from 18.2% to 19.3%, placing it among the one of the highest PCE values. Moreover, this approach demonstrated notable applicability for another CILs, as well as various OSCs systems. Overall, this research underscores the importance of regulating and modifying CILs to fully exploit their potential in OSCs devices, while laying the groundwork for optimizing their efficiency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi‐component strategy has proven effective in advancing the performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), enhancing photocurrent and fill factor through spectral complementarity and morphology optimization. However, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) mechanism in multi‐component systems lacks systematic investigation. In this study, we explore the influence of alloy‐like phases on energy level distribution and energy loss mechanisms in multi‐component OPVs. Appropriate modulation of donor alloy‐like phases maintains the original intermolecular stacking, enhances component compatibility, reduces acceptor aggregation, and improves acceptor phase purity, mitigating non‐radiative recombination losses. Additionally, suitable alloy‐like phase modulation elevates charge transfer (CT) states, reducing the gap between CT and local exciton state, lowering reorganization energy, and alleviating radiative recombination loss below the bandgap. Through synergistic optimization (layer‐by‐layer method with solid additive), ternary devices based on Y6 acceptor achieve a notable 19.41% power conversion efficiency, offering new insights for the analysis of the energy loss of the multi‐component OPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of guest small molecule donors for ternary organic solar cells is still a challenge. Herein, we designed and synthesized two novel small-molecule donor third components using ethyl (QxBE) and isopropyl formate (QxBC) substituted quinoxalines as acceptor units. The stronger electron withdrawing ability of the isopropyl formate group and the small torsion angle provide QxBC with obviously red-shifted absorption and tighter molecular packing than QxBE. Both molecules exhibited complementary absorption and good miscibility with the host PM6:L8-BO blend system. The incorporation of these two molecules into the PM6:L8-BO system facilitated a fibrous network structure, enhanced crystallinity and optimized vertical phase distribution. This results in suppressed charge recombination and balanced charge transport ability. Consequently, QxBC-based ternary OSCs exhibited simultaneous enhancements in open-circuit voltage (VOC) (0.898 V), short-circuit current (JSC) (26.49 mA cm−2), FF (80.04%) and PCE (19.04%), representing record values for ternary OSCs with small-molecule donors as the third component. Furthermore, the storage/thermal stability of ternary OSCs has been significantly improved. These results imply in-depth insights into the structure–property relationship of SMD third components manipulated by the middle bridge unit, and provide new strategies for effective molecular design of SMD third components toward high-performance ternary OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel wide‐bandgap small molecule guest material, ITOA, designed and synthesized for fabricating efficient ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) ITOA complements the absorbance of the PM6:Y6 binary system, exhibiting strong crystallinity and modest miscibility. ITOA optimizes the morphology by promoting intensive molecular packing, reducing domain size, and establishing a preferred vertical phase distribution. These features contribute to improved and well‐balanced charge transport, suppressed carrier recombination, and efficient exciton dissociation. Consequently, a significantly enhanced efficiency of 18.62% for the ternary device is achieved, accompanied by increased short‐circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Building on this success, replacing Y6 with BTP‐eC9 leads to an outstanding PCE of 19.33% for the ternary OSCs. Notably, the introduction of ITOA expedites the formation of the optimized morphology, resulting in an impressive PCE of 18.04% for the ternary device without any postprocessing. Moreover, the ternary device exhibits enhanced operational stability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking. This comprehensive study demonstrates that a rationally designed guest molecule can optimize morphology, reduce energy loss, and streamline the fabrication process, essential for achieving high efficiency and stability in OSCs, paving the way for practical commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production, offering advantages such as a low carbon footprint, short energy payback period, and compatibility with eco‐solvents. However, the use of hazardous solvents continues to dominate the best‐performing OSCs, mainly because of the challenges of controlling phase separation and domain crystallinity in eco‐solvents. In this study, we combined the solvent vapor treatment of CS2 and thermal annealing to precisely control the phase separation and domain crystallinity in PM6:M‐Cl and PM6:O‐Cl systems processed with the eco‐solvent o‐xylene. This method resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4%, which is among the highest values reported for sustainable binary OSCs. Furthermore, the fabrication techniques were transferred from spin coating in a nitrogen environment to blade printing in ambient air, retaining a PCE of 16.0%, showing its potential for high‐throughput and scalable production. In addition, a comparative analysis of OSCs processed with hazardous and green solvents was conducted to reveal the differences in phase aggregation. This work not only underscores the significance of sustainability in OSCs but also lays the groundwork for unlocking the full potential of open‐air‐printable sustainable OSCs for commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high‐performance in all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) significantly relies on precise nanoscale phase separation through domain size manipulation in the active layer. Nonetheless, for ASM‐OSC systems, forging a clear connection between the tuning of domain size and the intricacies of phase separation proves to be a formidable challenge. This study investigates the intricate interplay between domain size adjustment and the creation of optimal phase separation morphology, crucial for ASM‐OSCs' performance. It is demonstrated that exceptional phase separation in ASM‐OSCs' active layer is achieved by meticulously controlling the continuity and uniformity of domains via re‐packing process. A series of halogen‐substituted solvents (Fluorobenzene, Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene, and Iodobenzene) is adopted to tune the re‐packing kinetics, the ASM‐OSCs treated with CB exhibited an impressive 16.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE enhancement can be attributed to the gradual crystallization process, promoting a smoothly interconnected and uniformly distributed domain size. This, in turn, leads to a favorable phase separation morphology, enhanced charge transfer, extended carrier lifetime, and consequently, reduced recombination of free charges. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of re‐packing kinetics in achieving optimal phase separation in ASM‐OSCs, offering valuable insights for designing high‐performance ASM‐OSCs fabrication strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing crystalline porous materials with efficient hydrogen evolution is a promising strategy to obtain green energy. Covalent organic frameworks have been regarded as outstanding photocatalysts for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. In particular, sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs), via carbon–carbon double bond linkage, have good chemical and physical stability, which has attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, we design and synthesize two series of benzothiadiazole and its derivative-based isoreticular sp2c-COFs (HIAM-0001 to HIAM-0006) for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The experimental results show that benzothiadiazole-based COFs exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity compared with its derivative-based ones possessing much broader light-harvesting ranges. The average hydrogen evolution rates of HIAM-0001 and HIAM-0004 are up to 1410 μmol g−1 h−1 and 1526 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible-light illumination (λ > 420 nm), respectively. This work presents the relevant background for the study of the structure–property relationship in benzothiadiazole and its derivative-based sp2c-COFs, and also provides a new guidance for the rational design and development of efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to polymer‐based organic solar cells, all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their well‐defined chemical structures, lower batch‐to‐batch variation, straightforward synthesis and purification procedures, and easy to modulate properties. Recent developments in small molecule donors have enabled ASM‐OSCs to achieve power conversion efficiencies in excess of 17%, gradually approaching those of polymer‐based devices, and demonstrating considerable potential for commercialization. However, structural and morphological features in the all‐small‐molecule blend films, including crystallization behavior, phase separation, and molecular arrangement, play a crucial role in the photoelectric performance. This review systematically introduces and discusses recent advancements in ASM‐OSCs in terms of design strategies for novel small molecule donors and device engineering. Additionally, the correlation between active layer morphology and structure and device performance is analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of ASM‐OSCs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bus lanes have gradually become an indispensable infrastructure for the development of urban public transportation networks. A bi-level programming model is used herein to compare the total travel time of social vehicles and buses before and after the bus lane is set up to judge whether the bus lane layout plan is scientific and reasonable considering the road network. The model's effectiveness is verified using areas of Qingshan Lake in Nanchang City, and the operational efficiency of one bus lane before and after establishing the dedicated bus lane is analyzed. The case results show that the bus lane layout evaluation needs to consider the traffic benefits of a specific road and also judge whether the total travel time of the network traffic volume is improved from the macroscopic road network level. The research results provide theoretical support for the rational layout of bus lanes and are of practical significance for prioritizing the development of public transportation and promoting the sustainable development of urban transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizing the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of the active layer is essential for optimizing blade‐coated organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, the morphology evolution of a highly efficient ternary polymer:nonfullerene blend PM6:N3:N2200 under different blade coating conditions is probed in real‐time by in situ synchrotron X‐ray scattering and in situ ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy. Besides, the morphology of blade‐coated blend films at different conditions is detailed by ex situ X‐ray scattering and microscopic imaging. The ternary blend film exhibited optimized morphology, such as superior molecular stacking structure and appropriate phase separation structure, and boosted photovoltaic performance of the binary blend, as adding a second polymer component to the host polymer:nonfullerene system can balance nucleation and crystallization of polymers and small molecules, facilitating molecular rearrangement to perfect crystallization. Both binary and ternary blends obtained optimized morphology and photovoltaic properties at medium coating speed, mainly attributed to the movement of the polymer and small molecules at the long crystallization and aggregation stage. These findings help understand morphology formation under film drying and provide guidance for optimizing the morphology in blade‐coated OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic filler-filled polyurethane elastomer (PUE) is faced with problems such as cracking and functional structure failure under high-speed impact, which limits its application in the field of protection. Inspired by the secondary electrostatic effect of quadruple hydrogen bonds, a polymer containing quadruple hydrogen bonds (PHI) was composited with nano-CaCO3 to prepare a nano-reinforced filler (PUE-QHB@CaCO3). The composition, morphology and microstructure of the nano-reinforced filler were systemly characterized, and it was used to improve impact resistance and energy absorption of PUE. Compared with pure PUE, 4 wt% PUE-QHB@CaCO3 composite PUE simultaneously improves the maximum compressive modulus (190.70%), elastic modulus (186.81%), dynamic strength (24.32%) and energy absorption (23.33%) and reduces thermal weight loss rate (137.58%). The excellent mechanical properties exhibited by PUE-QHB@CaCO3 are not only attributed to the rigidity provided by nano-CaCO3 and the flexibility of PHI, but to the synergistic enhancement effect of the two in PUE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) offer unique features such as spectral tunability and see‐through function, giving them great potential in photovoltaic (PV) agriculture. However, the combination of sufficient average visible transmittance (AVT) and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) with eco‐friendly device fabrication has always been a key issue. Herein, a simple but effective strategy by incorporating pentacyclic aromatic lactam acceptor unit (TPTI) in copolymer donors for toluene processed high‐efficiency ST‐OSCs is performed. The comparisons between D18‐ and DEH‐X‐based ST‐OSCs demonstrate the effect of TPTI inserting on the polymer main skeleton can not only lower the energy level, improve the processability in nonhalogen solvent, tune the ideal morphology for efficient charge dissociation, but also control a photon transport window suitable for plant absorption. Therefore, the resulting OSCs processed with toluene exhibit a PCE of 14.6% with an AVT of 22%, which represents one of the highest values for ST‐OSCs made from nonhalogenated solvents. What's more, it is found that plant growth under ST‐OSCs filtered light is comparable with that under natural light. Herein, a guide for developing high‐performance ST‐OSCs is provided and the prospect of ST‐OSCs for green manufacturing PV greenhouse application is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant cancer worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in the development and progression of NSCLC, and may be potential biomarkers of NSCLC. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of lncRNA oxidative stress responsive serine rich 1 antisense RNA 1 (OSER1-AS1) in peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC. OSER1-AS1 in peripheral blood of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and healthy subjects was detected, and the clinical diagnostic efficacy was analyzed. The correlation between OSER1-AS1 expression and clinicopathological features in patients with LUSC and LUAD was analyzed. The downstream mechanism of OSER1-AS1 was explored. The area under the ROC curve of lncRNA OSER1-AS1 and miR-1298-5p/CHSY3 in LUSC and LUAD was compared using the MedCalc analysis. OSER1-AS1 was low in peripheral blood of patients with LUSC and LUAD. The area under the ROC curve for predicting LUSC was 0.800. The area under the ROC curve for predicting LUAD was 0.728. In LUSC and LUAD, OSER1-AS1 deficiency was associated with tumor node metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, and poor prognosis. miR-1298-5p was highly expressed, while chondroitin sulfate synthase 3 (CHSY3) was lowly expressed in patients with LUSC and LUAD. miR-1298-5p had target relations with OSER1-AS1 and CHSY3. lncRNA OSER1-AS1 had a higher diagnostic value in patients with NSCLC than miR-1298-5p and CHSY3. Overall, low expression of OSER1-AS1 in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients has high clinical significance, which provides a certain reference value for NSCLC early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) equipped with thick‐film active layers and high flexibility are of great significance for industrial preparation and practical applications. Herein, a ternary strategy coupled with a functional additive is employed to obtain efficient thick‐film flexible OSCs. A novel polymer donor PBB1‐F with good planarity is synthesized as a third component to optimize photon capture and molecular stacking. Meanwhile, a high dielectric constant polyarene ether (PAE) functional additive with strong adhesion not only greatly improves exciton dissociation efficiency, but also acts as locking cage‐like for effective enhancement of the mechanical stability of active layer. As a result, the PM6:PBB1‐F:Y6‐BO‐4Cl and PM6:PBB1‐F:BTP‐eC9 based ternary OSCs with PAE exhibit an efficiency of 17.91% and 18.51% under rigid thin‐film state, and perform better under thick‐film state of rigid (16.40% and 16.84%) and flexible (14.78% and 14.95%). Under the protection of the polymers, tight entanglement and cage‐like PAE adhesion, the elongation at break of the active layer increases by more than fourfold (27.3%), and gives a super flexible thick‐film OSCs that maintains more than 90% performance after 1000 bending cycles with a diameter of 10 mm. Overall, this work provides a new feasible scheme to effectively solve thickness sensitivity and flexibility issues in the context organic photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a public basic course in the system of higher vocational colleges, mathematics has received more and more attention from education administrators. However, there are still problems in higher education that mathematics teaching resources are scatter and data are difficult to integrate. Big data (DT) and smart clouds are the burgeon of intelligent technology, which has provided support for teaching informatization and teaching data integration in colleges and universities. This article aims to solve the problems of mathematics teaching in higher vocational education, such as more content and less class hours, difficult, higher vocational education due to the expansion of enrollment, and the decline in mathematics teaching quality, and build a smart cloud platform based on big data mathematics instructing environment system and mathematics wisdom instructing. The reconstruction of the environment is the deep integration of information technology and mathematics instructing, which can promote the deep integration of information technology with teaching, management, and environment. The experiments in this article show that the application of the smart cloud platform to mathematics teaching can greatly increase students' enthusiasm for learning and improve the school's mathematics teaching level, and the improvement rate of students' performance can reach 99.89%. The research in this article is of great significance to the adjustment of mathematics teaching environment in higher professional education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to explore the level and changes in handgrip strength among preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD patients and to evaluate the association between handgrip strength and cognitive function.Methods: A total of 1431 participants from the memory clinic of Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and community were enrolled in the final analysis, including 596 AD, 288 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 547 normal individuals (NC). All participants received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-BC), and the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III-CV) were used as cognitive tests. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to assess the power of handgrip strength as a screening measure to discriminate AD and MCI.Results: The results showed that handgrip strength in the MCI group was significantly lower than that of NC group, and the AD group had a further decline (both P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression was performed with the handgrip strength quartiles, and the results showed that the ORs of AD for increasing levels of handgrip strength were 1.00, 0.58 (0.46-0.78), 0.51 (0.36-0.73), and 0.50 (0.35-0.68), showing a decreasing trend (Pfor trend < 0.01). The ROC curve demonstrated that the handgrip strength cutoff points for the identification of AD were 16.8 and 20.7 kg among the female participants above and under 70 yrs and 24.4 and 33.3 kg for the male participants above and under 70 yrs, respectively. Similarly, for the identification of MCI, cutoff points were 17.5 and 21.9 kg for females above 70 yrs and under 70 yrs, and 25.8 and 36.2 kg for males above 70 yrs and under 70 yrs, respectively.Conclusions: Our study provided the further knowledge on the relationship between noncognitive features and cognition in populations with differing cognitive status, revealed that the stronger handgrip strength was associated with better performances on cognitive function. It can be speculated that handgrip strength can help early recognition of Chinese AD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral embolism after lobectomy is a life-threatening complication during the early postoperative period. However, it is unclear if cerebral embolism can develop after segmentectomy.Case Presentation: We experienced a case of a 37-year-old man who demonstrated early symptom of acute ischemic stroke in early postoperative period after right upper posterior segmentectomy and performed intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy (IAMT) successfully.Conclusions: Long and irregular pulmonary vein stump (PVS) and endothelial injury caused by surgical procedure may lead to cerebral embolism after segmentectomy. We believe that doing preoperative pulmonary vascular assessment and using appropriate surgical procedure may reduce the rate of cerebral embolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To screen out the differential expression circRNA in peripheral blood of patients with aortic regurgitation and left ventricular enlargement. Methods Four patients with aortic regurgitation complicated with left ventricular enlargement (observation group) and four patients with aortic valve regurgitation without left ventricular enlargement (control group) were selected. Their fasting venous blood was taken to detect the circRNAs by high throughput circRNA chip technique, and differentially expressed circRNAs between the two groups were screened out. Target Scan ant miRanda software were used to predict the circRNAs which were associated with miRNA-233 related to myocardial remodeling. Results Compared with the control group of fluorescence signal intensity, 158 circRNAs were differentially expressed, with fold change values> 2 ( P < 0. 05) including 21 circRNAs' fold change values > 5, meanwhile, 105 were down-regulated and 53 were up-regulated. There were binding sites between hsa-circRNA-102898, hsa-circRNA-101661, hsa-circRNA-103740 and miRNA-233 of 158 differentially expressed circRNAs. Conclusions Compared with patients with aortic regurgitation without left ventricular enlargement, there are 158 differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with aortic regurgitation and left ventricular enlargement. Twenty-one circRNAs, such as hsa-circRNA-103245, hsa-circRNA-104014, hs-circRNA-102617, and hsa-circRNA-103421 are significantly different. Totally 158 differential expressed circRNAs may be associated with the occurrence and development of left ventricular enlargement with aortic regurgitation. The hsa-circRNA-102898, hsa-circRNA-101661, and hsa-circRNA-103740 may regulate left ventricular enlargement by binding to miRNA-233 site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Efficiency Boost in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells: Insights from the Re-Ordering Kinetics," researchers Chunming Yang, Gang Li, Hanlin Hu, and their colleagues investigate the relationship between domain size adjustment and phase separation morphology in all-small-molecule organic solar cells. The study explores the impact of different solvents on domain size and crystallinity in blend films during the re-ordering process. The findings provide valuable insights into improving the efficiency of organic solar cells. [Extracted from the article]

Understanding the influence of water and temperature on the mechanical behaviors of coal measure rocks is important for deep coal resource exploitation. Using an electro-hydraulic servo-controlled testing system (MTS816) with a self-designed thermostatic water tank, a series of water absorption experiments and uniaxial compression experiments were performed on mudstone and sandstone samples that were immersed in water under different temperature conditions (from 25 to 95 °C). The water absorption characteristics at different temperatures and the effect of water and temperature on the mechanical strength, deformation and failure mode of the samples under uniaxial compression were systematically analyzed. In addition, computerized tomography (CT) scanning was used to examine the microstructural changes in the mudstone and sandstone before and after water saturation at different water temperatures. The results from the water absorption tests show that the water content of the mudstone and sandstone samples kept increasing with immersion time until a saturated state was reached, with the trend generally following an exponential law. The higher water temperature allowed additional water absorption in the saturated mudstone, but less water absorption in the saturated sandstone. The mechanical tests suggest that the presence of water can significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the coal measure rocks. Decreases in the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of 76.0 and 38.9 % and the elastic modulus of 68.1 and 48.5 % were observed in the mudstone and sandstone, respectively, because of water saturation at room temperature. Moreover, the water-weakening effect was sensitive to water temperature, and as the water temperature increased from 25 to 95 °C, the UCS and elastic modulus decreased linearly in the saturated mudstone by 53.8 and 70.4 %, respectively, and increased linearly in the saturated sandstone by 21.3 and 20.2 %, respectively. The increasing water temperature also promoted a transition in the saturated mudstone from brittle to ductile behavior, but it had a negligible effect on the failure mode of the saturated sandstone. The CT scanning tests demonstrated that new fractures are produced inside the mudstone after water saturation and that the increasing temperature can exacerbate such water-induced damage. However, no obvious fractures were observed in the CT images of the sandstone at room temperature or at high water temperatures, and the water-induced damage in the sandstone appeared as the micro-fractures at a scale below the CT resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a novel anti-disturbance speed tracking control problem for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems with unknown mismatched disturbances. In order to realise the rejection and compensation for load torque, a cascaded PMSM system is constructed by using a coordinate transformation such that the load disturbances become matched with respect to the virtual control input. By combining disturbance observer with proportional-integral feedback control structure, a composite speed controller is proposed on this basis to ensure the PMSM system stability, and convergence of the tracking error of angular velocity to zero. The favourable observation performance for the load torque and its derivative can also be achieved simultaneously. Meanwhile, the L 1 performance index is used to further optimise the robustness of the PMSM system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulations for the PMSM system with monotonous disturbances and harmonic disturbances respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a case study of the failure mechanisms and support design for deep composite soft rock roadway in the Yangcheng Coal Mine of China. Many experiments and field tests were performed to reveal the failure mechanisms of the roadway. It was found that the surrounding rock of the roadway was HJS complex soft rock that was characterized by poor rock quality, widespread development of joint fissures, and an unstable creep property. The major horizontal stress, which was almost perpendicular to the roadway, was 1.59 times larger than the vertical stress. The weak surrounding rock and high tectonic stress were the main internal causes of roadway instabilities, and the inadequate support was the external cause. Based on the failure mechanism, a new support design was proposed that consisted of bolting, cable, metal mesh, shotcrete, and grouting. A field experiment using the new design was performed in a roadway section approximately 100 m long. Detailed deformation monitoring was conducted in the experimental roadway sections and sections of the previous roadway. The monitoring results showed that deformations of the roadway with the new support design were reduced by 85–90% compared with those of the old design. This successful case provides an important reference for similar soft rock roadway projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed comprehensive regulation of intra- and inter-domain interactions in the active layer points to an important research direction for the thickness sensitivity and mechanical stability issues facing flexible OSC applications. Keywords: elongation at break; flexible thick-film; mechanical stability; solid additives; ternary OSCs EN elongation at break flexible thick-film mechanical stability solid additives ternary OSCs 1 1 1 08/22/22 20220818 NES 220818 B Organic Photovoltaics b In article number 2201614, Shuguang Wen, Chunming Yang, Xichang Bao, and co-workers report a synergistic strategy to fabricate efficient and super flexible thick-film organic solar cells (OSCs). Mechanical stability, solid additives, elongation at break, flexible thick-film, ternary OSCs. [Extracted from the article]