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To enhance the real-time monitoring capability of Distributed Acoustic Sensors (DAS) systems in detecting wire breaks in Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP), this study conducted a 1 : 1 scale wire break experiment on an underground PCCP with a diameter of 4000 mm. In response to issues such as the low sliding efficiency of the classical One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1-D CNN) filtering window and the issue of shared feature point weights leading to the underrepresentation of key features, a novel Pooling Convolution (PoolConv) model for wire break detection was proposed. Through comprehensive comparison with methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Resnet50, and 1-D CNN, results showed that the performance of PoolConv and 1-D CNN was significantly superior to other approaches.Especially the PoolConv model, the average damage recognition rate can reach 99.59%. Further analysis and comparison with the previous version of the 1-D CNN showed that the PoolConv model not only improved the average validation accuracy and testing accuracy by 0.51 and 2.01%, respectively, but also enhanced the training and testing time efficiency by 20 times and 3 times, respectively. Moreover, in terms of convergence speed, generalization ability, and resistance to noise, the PoolConv model exhibited superior performance and also had a smaller model weight file, effectively circumventing the problem of low efficiency present in the 1-D CNN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricacies of air traffic departure scheduling, especially when numerous flights are delayed, frequently impede the implementation of automated decision-making for scheduling. To surmount this obstacle, a mathematical model is proposed, and a dynamic simulation framework is designed to tackle the scheduling dilemma. An optimization control strategy is based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), focusing on minimizing the cumulative delay time for a cohort of delayed aircraft amidst congestion. This technique harnesses an approximation of the dynamic programming value function, augmented by reinforcement learning to enhance the approximation and alleviate the computational complexity as the number of flights increases. Comparative analyses with alternative approaches, including the branch and bound algorithm for static conditions and the first-come, first-served (FCFS) algorithm for routine scenarios, are conducted. Moreover, perturbation simulations of ADP parameters validate the method's robustness and efficacy. ADP, when integrated with reinforcement learning, demonstrates time efficiency and reliability, positioning it as a viable solution for decision-making in departure management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine whether sublingual microcirculation can be used as an effective and noninvasive method for assessing cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional observational study enrolled 186 patients with T2DM. All patients were evaluated using the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) and cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) syndrome stage. Side‐stream dark‐field microscopy was used for sublingual microcirculation, including total and perfused vessel density (TVD and PVD). Multiple machine‐learning prediction models have been developed for CKM risk and stage assessment in T2DM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine cutoff points. Results: Compared to patients with T2DM, diabetic patients with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) had a greater CV risk, as measured by the FGCRS, accompanied by markedly decreased microcirculation perfusion. Microcirculatory parameters (TVD and PVD), including carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (ba‐PWV), and FGCRS, were closely associated with SA incidence. Microcirculatory parameters, Index (DMSA screen), and cut‐off points were used to screen for SA in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, a new set of four factors identified through machine learning showed optimal sensitivity and specificity for detecting CKM risk in patients with T2DM. Decreased microcirculatory perfusion served as a useful early marker for CKM syndrome risk stratification in patients with T2DM without SA. Conclusions: Sublingual microcirculatory dysfunction is closely correlated with the risk of SA and CKM risk in T2DM patients. Sublingual microcirculation could be a novel tool for assessing the CKM syndrome stage in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and weight regain in patients with obesity after metabolic surgery. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 162 patients who underwent metabolic surgery. Correlations between decreases in thyroid hormone levels and changes in weight, waist circumference (WC) and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) were assessed. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify predictors and clinically useful cut‐off values, respectively. Results: The levels of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) decreased markedly at 1 year after surgery, as did weight, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, WC and CVAI. Decreases in TSH and FT3 after metabolic surgery were associated with changes in weight, BMI and CVAI. Binary logistic regression and ROC curve analyses confirmed that decreases in TSH can predict good weight loss after metabolic surgery to some extent. Finally, binary logistic regression and ROC curve analyses confirmed that changes in TSH can predict weight regain after metabolic surgery. Conclusions: Changes in TSH and FT3 after metabolic surgery were correlated with changes in weight and CVAI. Changes in thyroid hormones can predict weight regain in patients with obesity who underwent metabolic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change and the collection of environmental protection taxes are accelerating the green transformation of thermal power enterprises. This study selected Chinese thermal power listed companies as samples and used a dynamic three-stage (operational, green transformation, and market performance) network DEA model to evaluate their transformation efficiency and corporate performance. This paper incorporates targeted indicators such as ESG (environment, society, governance) and stock prices into the model and conducts a comparative study on the basis of macro policies and the geographical location of the enterprise. A comparative analysis was conducted on the efficiency of enterprises before and after the adjustment of the environmental tax burden, using the environmental tax burden as an exogenous variable. Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn: there is a certain positive correlation between the collaborative efficiency of the two links of thermal power enterprises and the economic development of their respective regions. Moreover, the green transformation efficiency of most thermal power enterprises is superior to the market performance efficiency. The environmental tax burden mainly improves the overall efficiency of thermal power enterprises by improving their operational efficiency and efficiency in the green transformation stage without affecting market performance. To further improve efficiency, thermal power enterprises should actively communicate with stakeholders to strive for more financial relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the number of foreign patients and the frequency of international academic exchanges increase, English proficiency has become increasingly essential for Chinese nurses in the treatment and nursing processes, clinical academic exchanges, and ongoing education. However, the overall English proficiency of Chinese nurses is generally inadequate, greatly depending on the English that they acquire during their nursing education. This study aims to explore the challenges encountered by Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) nursing students in the process of learning Nursing English, along with the effective self-regulated learning strategies they adopt to overcome these challenges. Data were collected from nine Chinese EFL nursing students through their reflective journals and thematic analysis was applied. Data analysis revealed the variety of challenges EFL nursing students encountered, including language-related challenges, which are linguistic difficulties that relate to Nursing English learning itself, such as Nursing English vocabulary and terminology, English-to-English translation, limited listening comprehension, and the gap between textbook knowledge and its practical application; learner-related challenges, which are difficulties that affect students' emotional, affective, and mental state, primarily caused by uncertainty about the significance of Nursing English, the unexpected difficulty of Nursing English, and failing quizzes; and context-related challenges, which are difficulties relate to social, cultural, and educational context, such as insufficient learning resources, a lack of language environment, and peer pressure. To surmount these challenges, the participants adopted diverse self-regulated learning strategies, including setting goals, previewing in advance and reviewing in time, utilizing word roots, prefixes, and suffixes to facilitate vocabulary learning, repeating, practicing with sounds and writing systems, translating, highlighting and using imagery to overcome language-related challenges; believing in the usefulness and significance of Nursing English, keeping a growth mindset, enjoying Nursing English learning and teacher support and maintaining grit in learning Nursing English to overcome learner-related challenges; and integrating resources, creating supportive language environments and seeking assistance from teachers and cooperating with peers to overcome context-related challenges. Based on these findings, implications are drawn for Nursing English teachers, material designers, curriculum developers, and program designers. We suggest incorporating explicit strategy instruction into regular Nursing English education to enhance nursing students' self-regulated learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual emission (DE) characteristics of atomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are of significant theoretical and practical interest. Despite this, the underlying mechanism driving DE in Cu NCs remains elusive, primarily due to the complexities of excited state processes. Herein, a novel [Cu4(PPh3)4(C≡C−p−NH2C6H4)3]PF6 (Cu4) NC, shielded by alkynyl and exhibiting DE, was synthesized. Hydrostatic pressure was applied to Cu4, for the first time, to investigate the mechanism of DE. With increasing pressure, the higher‐energy emission peak of Cu4 gradually disappeared, leaving the lower‐energy emission peak as the dominant emission. Additionally, the Cu4 crystal exhibited notable piezochromism transitioning from cyan to orange. Angle‐dispersive synchrotron X‐ray diffraction results revealed that the reduced inter‐cluster distances under pressure brought the peripheral ligands closer, leading to the formation of new C−H⋅⋅⋅N and N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds in Cu4. It is proposed that these strengthened hydrogen bond interactions limit the ligands′ vibration, resulting in the vanishing of the higher‐energy peak. In situ high‐pressure Raman and vibrationally resolved emission spectra demonstrated that the benzene ring C=C stretching vibration is the structural source of the DE in Cu4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual emission (DE) characteristics of atomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are of significant theoretical and practical interest. Despite this, the underlying mechanism driving DE in Cu NCs remains elusive, primarily due to the complexities of excited state processes. Herein, a novel [Cu4(PPh3)4(C≡C−p−NH2C6H4)3]PF6 (Cu4) NC, shielded by alkynyl and exhibiting DE, was synthesized. Hydrostatic pressure was applied to Cu4, for the first time, to investigate the mechanism of DE. With increasing pressure, the higher‐energy emission peak of Cu4 gradually disappeared, leaving the lower‐energy emission peak as the dominant emission. Additionally, the Cu4 crystal exhibited notable piezochromism transitioning from cyan to orange. Angle‐dispersive synchrotron X‐ray diffraction results revealed that the reduced inter‐cluster distances under pressure brought the peripheral ligands closer, leading to the formation of new C−H⋅⋅⋅N and N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds in Cu4. It is proposed that these strengthened hydrogen bond interactions limit the ligands′ vibration, resulting in the vanishing of the higher‐energy peak. In situ high‐pressure Raman and vibrationally resolved emission spectra demonstrated that the benzene ring C=C stretching vibration is the structural source of the DE in Cu4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains the primary cause of lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in infants and the elderly. In this study, we employed reverse genetics to generate a chimeric influenza virus expressing neuraminidase‐3F protein conjugate with three repeats of the RSV F protein protective epitope inserted into the NA gene of A/California/7/2009 ca (CA/AA ca), resulting in rFlu/RSV/NA‐3F (hereafter, rFRN3). The expression of NA‐3F protein was confirmed by Western blotting. The morphology and temperature‐sensitive phenotype of rFRN3 were similar to CA/AA ca. Its immunogenicity and protective efficiency were evaluated in BALB/c mice and cotton rats. Intranasal administration of rFRN3 elicited robust humoral, cellular, and to some extent, mucosal immune responses. Compared to controls, rFRN3 protected animals from RSV infection, attenuated lung injury, and reduced viral titers in the nose and lungs post‐RSV challenge. These results demonstrate that rFRN3 can trigger RSV‐specific immune responses and thus exhibits potent protective efficacy. The "dual vaccine" approach of a cold‐adapted influenza vector RSV vaccine will improve the prophylaxis of influenza and RSV infection. rFRN3 thus warrants further clinical investigations as a candidate RSV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The serum lipid level is strongly associated with atherosclerosis. However, research on the relationship between lipid-derived indices and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) occurrence in hemodialysis populations is limited. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of lipid-derived indices, including atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Non- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and lipoprotein combine index (LCI) in clinical practice for the occurrence and prognosis of AIS in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 451 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were screened and 350 were enrolled in this study. The lipid parameters exhibit a progressive increase across the tertiles, with values rising from Q1 through Q3. Enrolled patients were divided into three groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) based on tertiles of AIP, Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and LCI values. Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to investigate the association between the AIP, Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, LCI and AIS-free survival in hemodialysis patients. Chi-square analysis was used to explore the association between the AIP, Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, LCI and AIS outcomes in hemodialysis patients. AIS outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the AIS-free survival rates were significantly higher in the Q1 group compared to Q2 and Q3 groups for AIP, Non-HDL-C, Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and LCI. Log rank tests showed statistically significant differences between the Q1 group and the Q2 and Q3 groups (p < 0.05 for all). The proportion of patients with a good outcome mRS was higher in the Q1 group compared to the Q2-Q3 groups (AIP: 0.818 vs 0.792; Non- HDL-C: 0.866 vs 0.767; Non- HDL-C/HDL-C: 0.867 vs 0.767; LCI: 0.938 vs 0.750). Conclusion: The four lipid-derived parameters are effective predictors of AIS in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and AIP has a strongest correlation with the risk of AIS. Hemodialysis patients with elevated levels of the four lipid-derived indices had a higher incidence of AIS and poorer functional outcomes compared to those with lower levels. Our conclusions may require confirmation by further research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity in China. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity in China has shown that leaders who inspire and motivate employees significantly enhance creative output. Transformational leaders foster an environment that encourages innovation by providing intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, which in turn boosts employees' intrinsic motivation and willingness to take risks. Studies indicate that such leadership styles positively impact employees' creative problem-solving abilities and the generation of novel ideas. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, social exchange theory & self-determination theory may be used to anchor future studies on relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity in China. Organizations should design and implement leadership development programs that emphasize transformational leadership behaviors proven to enhance creativity, such as fostering intellectual stimulation and providing personalized support. Policymakers should create guidelines that integrate transformational leadership principles into organizational policies, particularly those related to performance management and leadership evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress in the discovery of potent antibodies for therapeutic and research purposes has been accelerated by mining the antibody repertoire of plasma cells and plasmablasts. Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) is a well recognized method for cell sorting, however, secreted IgGs rapidly diffuse away from cells, therefore requiring specialized technique to compartmentalize individual cells and capture their secretions for MACS isolation. To this end, a scalable method to prepare hydrogel‐based microcontainers for single cell culture and subsequent sorting based on their secreted IgG products at high‐throughput level are described. In situ crosslinkable microgels featuring tunable viscosity are fabricated to act as soft compartments that accommodate delicate primary cells and capture secreted proteins, while providing solid supports after solgel transition to enable immune recognition with chemically functionalized magnetic nanorods in aqueous medium for MACS separation. Splenocytes are sorted based on antigen‐specific IgG production from mice immunized with an antibiotic target ceftriaxone sodium, enriching a population of 220 000 000 to 800 000 prevalence following sorting. This enrichment ratio is substantially higher than conventional fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) methods, likely due to the multivalency of the antigen‐conjugated magnetic nanorods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the role of enterotoxin‐related genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. Upregulated differentially expressed genes shared by three out of five Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets were included to screen the key enterotoxin‐induced oncogenes (EIOGs) according to criteria oncogene definition, enrichment, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, followed by prognosis survival, immune infiltration, and protential drugs analyses was performed via integration of RNA‐sequencing data and The Cancer Genome Atlas‐derived clinical profiles. We screened nine common key EIOGs from at least three GEO data sets. A Cox proportional hazards regression models verified that more alive cases, decreased overall survival, and highest 4‐year survival prediction in CRC patients with high‐risk score. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F polypeptide‐interacting protein alpha‐4 (PPFIA4), STY11, SCN3B, and SPTBN5 were shared in the same PPI network. Immune infiltration results showed that SCN3B and synaptotagmin 11 expression were obviously associated with B cell, macrophage, myeloid dendritic cell, neutrophils, and T cell CD4+ and CD8+ in both colon adenocarcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma. CHIR‐99021, MLN4924, and YK4‐279 were identified as the potential drugs for treatment. Finally, upregulated EIOGs genes PPFIA4 and SCN3B were found in colon adenocarcinoma and PPFIA4 and SCN3B were proved to promote cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We demonstrated here that EIOGs promoting a malignancy phenotype was related with poor survival and prognosis in CRC, which might be served as novel therapeutic targets in CRC management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic agents targeting cytokine-cytokine receptor (CK-CKR) interactions lead to the disruption in cellular signaling and are effective in treating many diseases including tumors. However, a lack of universal and quick access to annotated structural surface regions on CK/CKR has limited the progress of a structure-driven approach in developing targeted macromolecular drugs and precision medicine therapeutics. Herein we develop CytoSIP (Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Interface, and Phenotype), a rich internet application based on a database of atomic interactions around hotspots in experimentally determined CK/CKR structural complexes. CytoSIP contains: (1) SNPs on CK/CKR; (2) interactions involving CK/CKR domains, including CK/CKR interfaces, oligomeric interfaces, epitopes, or other drug targeting surfaces; and (3) diseases and phenotypes associated with CK/CKR or SNPs. The database framework introduces a unique tri-level SIP data model to bridge genetic variants (atomic level) to disease phenotypes (organism level) using protein structure (complexes) as an underlying framework (molecule level). Customized screening tools are implemented to retrieve relevant CK/CKR subset, which reduces the time and resources needed to interrogate large datasets involving CK/CKR surface hotspots and associated pathologies. CytoSIP portal is publicly accessible at https://CytoSIP.biocloud.top, facilitating the panoramic investigation of the context-dependent crosstalk between CK/CKR and the development of targeted therapeutic agents. Annotated structural atlas of cytokines and cytokine receptors featuring hotspots in a unified format, help to understand the mechanisms of cytokine-mediated signal transduction pathways and formulate therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) is a pathogen of the Flaviviridae family that causes infections in poultry, leading to significant economic losses in the duck farming industry in recent years. Ducks infected with this virus exhibit clinical symptoms such as decreased egg production and neurological disorders, along with serious consequences such as ovarian hemorrhage, organ enlargement, and necrosis. Variations in morbidity and mortality rates exist across different age groups of ducks. It is worth noting that DTMUV is not limited to ducks alone; it can also spread to other poultry such as chickens and geese, and antibodies related to DTMUV have even been found in duck farm workers, suggesting a potential risk of zoonotic transmission. This article provides a detailed overview of DTMUV research, delving into its genomic characteristics, vaccines, and the interplay with host immune responses. These in-depth research findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the virus's transmission mechanism and pathogenic process, offering crucial scientific support for epidemic prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI scores have been substantiated as reliable prognostic markers in patients presenting with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. Given this premise, our research aims to assess the predictive efficacy of these models in patients with intermediate and advanced HCC receiving a combination of TACE and Apatinib. Additionally, we have conducted a meticulous comparative analysis of these four scoring systems to discern their respective predictive capacities and efficacies in combined therapy. Methods: Performing a retrospective analysis on the clinical data from 200 patients with intermediate and advanced HCC, we studied those who received TACE combined with Apatinib at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China between June 2018 and December 2022. To identify the factors affecting survival, the study performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, with calculations of four different scores: HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI. Lastly, Harrell's C-index was employed to compare the prognostic abilities of these scores. Results: Cox proportional hazards model results revealed that the ALBI score, presence of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT,)and tumor size are independent determinants of prognostic survival. The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed significant differences in survival rates among patients classified by the HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI scoring methods. Of the evaluated systems, the HAP scoring demonstrated greater prognostic precision, with a Harrell's C-index of 0.742, surpassing the alternative models (P < 0.05). In addition, an analysis of the area under the AU-ROC curve confirms the remarkable superiority of the HAP score in predicting short-term survival outcomes. Conclusion: Our study confirms the predictive value of HAP, Six-and-Twelve, Up to Seven, and ALBI scores in intermediate to advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving combined Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Apatinib therapy. Notably, the HAP model excels in predicting outcomes for this specific HCC subgroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In current pig farming, pigs are susceptible to stress-induced adverse emotions. Emotional contagion may propagate these emotions within a herd, potentially affecting overall welfare. Typically, treatments of individual pigs should be conducted separately from the group. Thus, after separation from treatment on an individual pig, the behavioral responses and heart rate changes of the companion pig were recorded to determine if the sensory avoidance was effective. It was found that peers were still affected by the treated pigs after sensory avoidance. Separation from treatment does not eliminate the effects of the treated pig on companion pigs, which can still be affected in post-treatment contact. In the pig farming industry, it is recommended to avoid groups when treating individuals to reduce adverse reactions in the group. However, can this eliminate the adverse effects effectively? Piglets were assigned to the Rewarding Group (RG), the Punishing Group (PG), and the Paired Control Group (PCG). There were six replicates in each group, with two paired piglets per replicate. One piglet of the RG and PG was randomly selected as the Treated pig (TP), treated with food rewards or electric shock, and the other as the Naive pig (NP). The NPs in the RG and PG were unaware of the treatment process, and piglets in the PCG were not treated. The behavior and heart rate changes of all piglets were recorded. Compared to the RG, the NPs in the PG showed longer proximity but less contact behavior, and the TPs in the PG showed more freezing behavior. The percentage change in heart rate of the NPs was synchronized with the TPs. This shows that after sensory avoidance, the untreated pigs could also feel the emotions of their peers and their emotional state was affected by their peers, and the negative emotions in the pigs lasted longer than the positive emotions. The avoidance process does not prevent the transfer of negative emotions to peers via emotional contagion from the stimulated pig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Topical medicines are the preferred treatment for mild to moderate psoriasis, but the effect of excipients used in semi‐solid preparations on psoriasis‐like skin inflammation is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of stearyl alcohol, a commonly used excipient, on imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in mice. Psoriasis‐like skin inflammation was induced by topical IMQ treatment on the back of mice. Skin lesion severity was evaluated by using psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores. The skin sections were stained by haematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry. Stearyl alcohol (20% in vaseline) treatment significantly reduced the IMQ‐induced increase of PASI scores and epidermal thickness in mice. IMQ treatment increased the number of Ki67‐ and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells in the skin, and the increases were inhibited by stearyl alcohol (20% in vaseline) treatment. Stearyl alcohol treatment (1%, 5%, 10% in vaseline) dose‐dependently ameliorated IMQ‐induced increase of PASI scores and epidermal thickness in mice. Hexadecanol (20% in vaseline), stearic acid (20% in vaseline) and vaseline treatment had no significant effect on IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in mice. In conclusion, stearyl alcohol has the effect of improving IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a promising frontier in the field of electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) because of their distinctive catalytic properties. Although numerous metal NCs are developed for CO2RR, their use in practical applications has suffered from their low‐yield synthesis and insufficient catalytic activity. In this study, the large‐scale synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of ClAg14(C≡CtBu)12+ NCs, which exhibit remarkable efficiency in catalyzing CO2‐to‐CO electroreduction with a CO selectivity of over 99% are reported. The underlying mechanisms behind this extraordinary CO2RR activity of ClAg14(C≡CtBu)12+ NCs are investigated by a combination of electrokinetic and theoretical studies. These analyses reveal that different active sites, generated through electrochemical activation, have unique adsorption properties for the reaction intermediates, leading to enhanced CO2RR and suppressed hydrogen production. Furthermore, industrially relevant CO2‐to‐CO electroreduction using ClAg14(C≡CtBu)12+ NCs in a zero‐gap CO2 electrolyzer, achieving high energy efficiency of 51% and catalyst activity of over 1400 A g−1 at a current density of 400 mA cm−2 is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ESKAPE pathogen-associated antimicrobial resistance is a global public health issue, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The short cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family represents an important subfamily of scorpion-derived AMPs, but high hemolysis and poor antimicrobial activity hinder their therapeutic application. Here, we recomposed the hydrophilic face of Ctriporin through lysine substitution. We observed non-linear correlations between the physiochemical properties of the peptides and their activities, and significant deviations regarding the changes of antimicrobial activities against different bacterial species, as well as hemolytic activity. Most importantly, we obtained two Ctriporin analogs, CM5 and CM6, these two have significantly reduced hemolytic activity and more potent antimicrobial activities against all tested antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Fluorescence experiments indicated they may perform the bactericidal function through a membrane-lytic action model. Our work sheds light on the potential of CM5 and CM6 in developing novel antimicrobials and gives clues for optimizing peptides from the short cationic AMP family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses are one of the leading causes of human disease, and many highly pathogenic viruses still have no specific treatment drugs. Therefore, producing new antiviral drugs is an urgent matter. In our study, we first found that the natural wasp venom peptide Protopolybia-MP III had a significant inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in vitro by using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and plaque-forming assays. Immunofluorescence analysis showed Protopolybia-MP III could enter cells, and it inhibited multiple stages of the HSV-1 life cycle, including the attachment, entry/fusion, and post-entry stages. Furthermore, ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy detected that Protopolybia-MP III significantly suppressed HSV-1 virion infectivity at different temperatures by destroying the integrity of the HSV-1 virion. Finally, by comparing the antiviral activity of Protopolybia-MP III and its mutants, a series of peptides with better anti-HSV-1 activity were identified. Overall, this work found the function and mechanism of the antiviral wasp venom peptide Protopolybia-MP III and its derivatives against HSV-1 and laid the foundation for the research and development of wasp venom-derived antiviral candidate peptide drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective metabolic surgery against diabetes and obesity. Clinical evidence indicates that patients with severe obesity have a poor curative effect in losing weight if they suffer from leptin or its receptor deficiency, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of leptin receptor deficiency on metabolic dysfunction in db/db mice treated by RYGB surgery. Methods: The db/db mice and their heterozygote control db/m mice were subjected to RYGB or sham surgery. Body weight, blood glucose, food intake and glucose tolerance were evaluated. Micro-PET/CT and histological analysis were performed to examine the glucose uptake of tissues and the fat changes in mice. The key factors in glucose and fatty acid metabolism were detected by western blot analysis. Results: Compared with the sham group, the db/db mice in the RYGB group showed more significant weight regain after surgical recovery and improvement in hyperinsulinemia and glucose tolerance. However, the total body fat and multiple organ lipid deposition of RYGB-treated db/db mice was increased. The underlying mechanism studies suggested that the activation of AMPK regulated GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake, but AMPK could not promote fatty acid oxidation through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway under leptin receptor deficiency in db/db mice. Conclusion: We conclude that leptin receptor deficiency impedes the AMPK activation-mediated fat catabolism but does not affect AMPK-related glucose utilization after metabolic surgery in db/db mice. This result helps select surgical indications for patients with obesity and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture frequently altered in cancer. However, its changes during the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remained elusive. Methods: Hi-C and RNA-seq were applied to study the 3D chromatin landscapes and gene expression of HCC and ANHT. Hi-C Pro was used to generate genome-wide raw interaction matrices, which were normalized via iterative correction (ICE). Moreover, the chromosomes were divided into different compartments according to the first principal component (E1). Furthermore, topologically associated domains (TADs) were visualized via WashU Epigenome Browser. Furthermore, differential expression analysis of ANHT and HCC was performed using the DESeq2 R package. Additionally, dysregulated genes associated with 3D genome architecture altered were confirmed using TCGA, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), etc. Results: First, the intrachromosomal interactions of chr1, chr2, chr5, and chr11 were significantly different, and the interchromosomal interactions of chr4–chr10, chr13–chr21, chr15–chr22, and chr16–chr19 are remarkably different between ANHT and HCC, which resulted in the up-regulation of TP53I3 and ZNF738 and the down-regulation of APOC3 and APOA5 in HCC. Second, 49 compartment regions on 18 chromosomes have significantly switched (A–B or B–A) during HCC tumorigenesis, contributing to up-regulation of RAP2A. Finally, a tumor-specific TAD boundary located on chr5: 6271000–6478000 and enhancer hijacking were identified in HCC tissues, potentially associated with the elevated expression of MED10, whose expression were associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the crucial role of chromosomal structure variation in HCC oncogenesis and potential novel biomarkers of HCC, laying a foundation for cancer precision medicine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence rate of malignant tumors after solid organ transplantation is higher than the normal population. The aim of our study is to identify the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after liver, kidney, heart and lung transplantation, respectively, and suggest that transplant patients can be screened early for tumors to avoid risk. Methods: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from their inception until August 16,2023. Retrospective and cohort studies which focus on the statistical data of standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of RCC after solid organ transplantation (SOT) more than one year have been included and extracted. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD4202022343633. Results: Sixteen original studies have been included for meta-analysis. Liver transplantation could increase the risk of RCC (SIR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.53 to 0.93) with no heterogeneity(P = 0.594, I2 = 0.0%). And kidney transplantation could increase the risk of RCC(8.54, 6.68 to 10.40; 0.000,90.0%). Besides, heart and lung transplantation also could increase the risk of RCC(SIR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.53 to 0.93; SIR = 1.61, 95%CI:0.50 to 2.71). Moreover, significance could also be found in most subgroups, especially the European group and retrospective study group. What's more, after removing studies which have a greater impact on the overall outcome in RCC rate after kidney transplantation, heterogeneity did not solve and significant different was also observed in the European group (7.15, 5.49 to 8.81; 0.000, 78.6%). Conclusion: Liver, kidney, heart and lung transplantation patients have an increased risk of processing RCC compared to the general population and most subgroups, especially in geographic location of European subgroup, which suggested that patients should be screened frequently after transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression level of SLC35A3 is associated with the prognosis of many cancers, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the role of SLC35A3 in CRC. The expression levels of SLC35A3 in CRC were evaluated through tumor immune resource assessment (TIMER), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical evaluation. TCGA, GEO, and ICGC databases were used to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of SLC35A3 in CRC. A overall survival (OS) model was constructed and validated based on the expression level of SLC35A3 and multivariable analysis results. The cBioPortal tool was used to analyze SLC35A3 mutation in CRC. The UALCAN tool was used to analyze the promoter methylation level of SLC35A3 in colorectal cancer. In addition, the role of SLC35A3 in CRC was determined through GO analysis, KEGG analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, and immune checkpoint correlation analysis. In vitro experiments validated the function of SLC35A3 in colorectal cancer cells. Compared with adjacent normal tissues and colonic epithelial cells, the expression of SLC35A3 was decreased in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Low expression of SLC35A3 was associated with N stage, pathological stage, and lymphatic infiltration, and it was unfavorable for OS, disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and post-progression survival (PPS). According to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, SLC35A3 is a potential important diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients. The nomograph based on the expression level of SLC35A3 showed a better predictive model for OS than single prognostic factors and TNM staging. SLC35A3 has multiple types of mutations in CRC, and its promoter methylation level is significantly decreased. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that SLC35A3 may be involved in transmembrane transport protein activity, cell communication, and interaction with neurotransmitter receptors. GSEA revealed that SLC35A3 may be involved in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cancer pathways. In addition, SLC35A3 was closely related to immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the positive correlation between SLC35A3 and helper T cell infiltration. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of SLC35A3 inhibited the proliferation and invasion capability of colorectal cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. The results of this study indicate that decreased expression of SLC35A3 is closely associated with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer, and it can serve as a promising independent prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some risk/protective factors of adolescent depression have been proposed but have not been comprehensively studied. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided greater insight into the underlying neuropsychiatric mechanisms of depression-related factors such as impulsivity, substance use, gender difference and social support. However, how these factors are interconnected and how they affect depression in the real world is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationships between adolescent depression with trait impulsivity, substance use and gender. We also tested the hypothesis that social support may play a buffering role in preventing depression. By expanding the diathesis-stress model.Methods: The adolescents enrolled in this study were grade 1 senior high school students from northern Taiwan (N = 5879), and they were assessed for depression, trait impulsivity, and tobacco/alcohol use. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to control possible confounders, including other depression-related diathesis and sociodemographic variables. Gender differences were also analyzed by separately examining variables significantly associated with depression.Results: A higher level of depression was associated with female gender, trait impulsivity, low self-esteem, negative attitude towards the future, tobacco use, alcohol use, family discord and difficulty in basic family needs. Good parental health, living with their biological family and social support were protective factors. Trait impulsivity was significantly associated with depression after controlling for the confounding factors. Gender-specific analysis showed that trait impulsivity and tobacco use had a significant synergistic interaction on female depression. Social support from parents/peers was significantly associated with depression, but social support from other family members/teachers was not.Conclusion: The current study advances the understanding of adolescent depression and highlights that trait impulsivity, addictive substance use, social support and their interaction may play an influential role in the emergence of adolescent depression. Gender-specific research and treatment approach are also crucial, and more investigations are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate detection of lung metastasis is of great significance for making better treatment choices and improving cancer prognosis, but remains a big challenge in clinical practice. In this study, we propose a reinventing strategy to develop a pH‐activatable near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe, pulmonary metastasis tracer (denoted as PMT), based on assembly of NIR dye IR780 and calcium phosphate (CaP). By delicately tuning the intermolecular interactions during the assembly process and dye doping content, as well as the synthetic condition of probe, the fluorescence of PMT could be finely adjusted via the tumor acidity‐triggered disassembly. Notably, the selected PMT9 could sharply convert subtle pH variations into a distinct fluorescence signal to generate high fluorescence ON/OFF contrast, dramatically reducing the background signals. Benefiting from such preferable features, PMT9 is able to precisely identify not only the tumor sites in orthotopic lung cancer models but also the pulmonary metastases in mice with remarkable signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). This study provides a unique strategy to turn shortcomings of traditional dye IR780 during in vivo imaging into advantages and further expand the application of fluorescent probe to image lung associated tumor lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate detection of lung metastasis is of great significance for making better treatment choices and improving cancer prognosis, but remains a big challenge in clinical practice. In this study, we propose a reinventing strategy to develop a pH‐activatable near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe, pulmonary metastasis tracer (denoted as PMT), based on assembly of NIR dye IR780 and calcium phosphate (CaP). By delicately tuning the intermolecular interactions during the assembly process and dye doping content, as well as the synthetic condition of probe, the fluorescence of PMT could be finely adjusted via the tumor acidity‐triggered disassembly. Notably, the selected PMT9 could sharply convert subtle pH variations into a distinct fluorescence signal to generate high fluorescence ON/OFF contrast, dramatically reducing the background signals. Benefiting from such preferable features, PMT9 is able to precisely identify not only the tumor sites in orthotopic lung cancer models but also the pulmonary metastases in mice with remarkable signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). This study provides a unique strategy to turn shortcomings of traditional dye IR780 during in vivo imaging into advantages and further expand the application of fluorescent probe to image lung associated tumor lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical frequency combs provide a powerful tool for precise measurement of the optical frequency, holding significant importance in fields such as spectroscopy, optical communication and optical clock. The frequency stability of the comb line determines the precision of the frequency measurement, but the delicate interplay between high precision, low power consumption and integration still needs to be optimized. To this aim, here we demonstrate a frequency measurement scheme based on a fully stabilized electro-optic comb, in which the pump laser frequency and repetition rate are independently locked to the atomic transition and microwave signal. The measurement precision of the demonstrated wavemeter can reach sub-kHz-level, and the parallel measurement of multiple wavelengths can be performed. Therefore, by combining the technical scheme reported here with advanced integrated functional devices, our system is expected to provide a feasible solution for chip-scale frequency precision measurement and reference. Optical frequency combs enable precise measurement of optical frequencies, but integrated setups require a delicate balance between high precision and low power consumption. The authors demonstrate a sub-kHz-frequency measurement scheme based on a fully stabilized electro-optic comb that enables the parallel measurement of multiple wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We previously demonstrated that pregnant women with a history of cervical insufficiency had a softer anterior cervical lip, shorter cervical length and wider endocervical canal in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in cervical elastography, cervical length, and endocervical canal width in the second trimester after cerclage, and further discuss whether these ultrasound parameters are predictive of preterm delivery. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of cervical changes in singleton pregnancies after cerclage from January 2016 to June 2018. Cervical elastography, cervical length, and endocervical canal width were measured during the second trimester in the cervical insufficiency group and control group without cervical insufficiency. Strain elastography under transvaginal ultrasound was used to assess cervical stiffness and presented as percentage (strain rate). Results: Among the 339 pregnant women enrolled, 24 had a history of cervical insufficiency and underwent cerclage. Both anterior and posterior cervical lips were significantly softer in the cervical insufficiency group even though they received cerclage (anterior strain rate: 0.18 ± 0.06% vs. 0.13 ± 0.04%; P = 0.001; posterior strain rate: 0.11 ± 0.03% vs. 0.09 ± 0.04%; P = 0.017). Cervical length was also shorter in the cervical insufficiency group (36.3 ± 3.6 mm vs. 38.3 ± 4.6 mm; P = 0.047). However, there was no significant difference in endocervical canal width between the two groups (5.4 ± 0.7 mm vs. 5.6 ± 0.7 mm; P = 0.159). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed significant differences in anterior cervical lip strain rate (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.32, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-31.41; P = 0.007), posterior cervical lip strain rate (adjusted OR, 5.22, 95% CI, 1.42–19.18; P = 0.013), and cervical length (adjusted OR, 3.17, 95% CI,1.08–9.29; P = 0.035). Among the four ultrasound parameters, softer anterior cervical lip (P = 0.024) and shorter cervical length (P < 0.001) were significantly related to preterm delivery. Conclusions: Cervical cerclage can prevent widening of the endocervical canal, but not improve cervical elasticity or cervical length. Measuring anterior cervical elastography and cervical length may be valuable to predict preterm delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Emotional contagion and social support are common phenomena in animals. The study evaluated whether pigs that did not observe the stimulus process could also perceive the negative emotions of their companions and provide social support. Here, the research compared differences in behavioral responses between treated individuals and naive companions by measuring the frequency/duration and latency of behaviors occurring in pigs under different test conditions to determine whether there were behavioral responses of the companions with emotional contagion to support the treated individuals. Whether or not the companions were aware of the source of the negative emotions of the treated pigs, they were able to respond to it in an appropriate emotional way and provide social support to the treated individual. This study expects to confirm the existence of emotional transmission in pigs from multiple perspectives and to provide theoretical references for improving animal welfare in livestock farming. A group that could directly observe (DO) and a group that could not directly observe (NO) were created based on whether or not their peers observed the treatment process, as the treated pig (TP) was treated with electrical shock and the companion pig (CP) either witnessed the treatment inflicted upon TP or not, and a third group was a control group, in which neither pig was stimulated. The behavioral responses of both the TPs and CPs were recorded to evaluate the emotional reaction. The results found that in both the DO and NO groups, the frequency of TP freezing was significantly higher than that of CP, and CP was significantly higher than that of the control group. Interestingly, although the social interaction responses of the CPs were not similar in the DO and NO groups, there were no significant differences between the behaviors of TPs in the DO and NO groups, except for nose–nose contact and a single approach to the partition, which allowed us to conclude that, whether or not the pigs directly observed the negative treatment, they were able to respond accordingly to fear and provide similar social support to their companions who were treated negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biologically active peptides have attracted increasing attention in research on the development of new drugs. Mastoparans, a group of wasp venom linear cationic α-helical peptides, have a variety of biological effects, including mast cell degranulation, activation of protein G, and antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, the potential hemolytic activity of cationic α-helical peptides greatly limits the clinical applications of mastoparans. Here, we systematically and comprehensively studied the hemolytic activity of mastoparans based on our wasp venom mastoparan family peptide library. The results showed that among 55 mastoparans, 18 had strong hemolytic activity (EC50 ≤ 100 μM), 14 had modest hemolytic activity (100 μM < EC50 ≤ 400 μM) and 23 had little hemolytic activity (EC50 > 400 μM), suggesting functional variation in the molecular diversity of mastoparan family peptides from wasp venom. Based on these data, structure–function relationships were further explored, and, hydrophobicity, but not net charge and amphiphilicity, was found to play a critical role in the hemolytic activity of mastoparans. Combining the reported antimicrobial activity with the present hemolytic activity data, we found that four mastoparan peptides, Parapolybia-MP, Mastoparan-like peptide 12b, Dominulin A and Dominulin B, have promise for applications because of their high antimicrobial activity (MIC ≤ 10 μM) and low hemolytic activity (EC50 ≥ 400 μM). Our research not only identified new leads for the antimicrobial application of mastoparans but also provided a large chemical space to support the molecular design and optimization of mastoparan family peptides with low hemolytic activity regardless of net charge or amphiphilicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is known to improve the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with obesity. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of BS on patients with MS at low BMI levels. The study aims to assess the effect of BS on MS in patients with low BMI by comparing BS with medical therapy (MT). Methods: A total of 271 patients with MS who underwent BS and MT at a single institution were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed for the BS and MT groups with BMI<35 kg/m2. We analyzed the 5 years effect of BS versus MT on the remission of MS, its components, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, and medication used. Results: Patients in the MT group showed a decrease in the prevalence of MS to 62% at the 1st year and 10% at the 5th year. In the BS group, MS prevalence in patients with BMI<35 kg/m2 decreased to 30% and 9% at the 1st and 5th year, whereas in patients with BMI≥35 kg/m2 was 26% and 7%, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk and the lifetime ASCVD were significantly decreased 5 years after BS in patients with BMI<35 kg/m2. The number and daily drug dose of hypoglycemic drugs, antihypertensive medications, and lipid-lowering drugs were reduced from baseline in both BS and MT groups. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery significantly improves MS remission rates and long-term cardiovascular risk in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome and a BMI <35 kg/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to explore whether the mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio (MPR) has predictive value for the occurrence and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in hemodialysis patients.Patients and Methods: A total of 402 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were screened and 259 were enrolled in this study. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive power of the models. The patients enrolled in this study were divided into three groups based on the tertiles of the MPR value (Q1, Q2, and Q3). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to investigate the association between the MPR and AIS-free survival in hemodialysis patients. Chi-square analysis was performed to explore the association between the MPR and AIS outcomes in hemodialysis patients. And the AIS outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).Results: MPR had a predictive value for the occurrence of AIS (AUC=0.814) in hemodialysis patients with a high sensitivity and specificity. AIS-free survival rates in the MPR Q1, MPR Q2, and MPR Q3 groups were 0.930, 0.701, and 0.360, respectively. The proportion of patients with good outcomes (mRS 0– 2) was significantly greater among patients in the MPR Q1-Q2 group than in the MPR Q3 group (0.844 vs 0.745, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The MPR can be used as a good predictor of AIS in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients on hemodialysis with increased MPR levels had a higher incidence of AIS and poorer functional outcomes than those with low MPR levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary tannic acid (TAN) on the gas production, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, rumen microflora, and fermentation function of beef cattle through in vitro and in vivo experiments. TAN was evaluated at 0.15% (dry matter basis, DM) in the in vitro experiment and 0.20% (DM basis) in the animal feeding experiment. The in vitro results revealed that compared with control (CON, basal diet without TAN), the addition of TAN significantly increased the cumulative gas production and asymptotic gas production per 0.20 g dry matter substrate (p < 0.01), with a tendency to reduce methane concentration after 96 h of fermentation (p = 0.10). Furthermore, TAN supplementation significantly suppressed the relative abundance of Methanosphaera and Methanobacteriaceae in the fermentation fluid (LDA > 2.50, p < 0.05). The in vivo experiment showed that compared with CON, the dietary TAN significantly improved average daily gain (+0.15 kg/d), dressing percent (+1.30%), net meat percentage (+1.60%), and serum glucose concentration (+23.35%) of beef cattle (p < 0.05), while it also significantly reduced hepatic malondialdehyde contents by 25.69% (p = 0.02). Moreover, the TAN group showed significantly higher alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and increased relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Saccharomonas (LDA > 2.50, p < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae in rumen microbial community was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared to that of the CON group. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of TAN could improve the growth and slaughter performance and health status of beef cattle, and these favorable effects might be attributed to its ability to alleviate liver lipid peroxidation, enhance glucose metabolism, and promote a balanced rumen microbiota for optimal fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]