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The present paper deals with the analysis of corrosion inhibition effects of four isoperthiocyanic acid (IPA) derivatives, namely, N-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl) thiophene-2-carboxamide, 4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxamide, N-[(3-thioxo-3H-1 2,4-dithiazol-5-yl) cyclohexane carboxamide, and N-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl) acetamide on the anti-corrosion behaviour of mild steel in 2 M solution of HCl by quantum chemical and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the Tafel polarization, and weight loss methods were employed to obtain experimental data. The computational studies as well as the experimental results showed that TRIPA exhibits the maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.12% due to the presence of heteroatoms and aromaticity of the compound. That IPA inhibitor retarded the adsorption through physisorption and concurred with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Temperature studies were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the IPA derivatives on mild steel within the range of 303 to 343 K. The thermodynamic parameters clearly indicate that the inhibition process is spontaneous, and the studied inhibitors predominantly act as mixed type inhibitors with anodic dominance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the retention of the mild steel polished surface corrosion in the presence of an inhibitor. Thus, four novel IPA derivatives at a very low concentration were found to be potent inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of the study was to develop piroxicam-Aloe vera gel (PAG) formulation and make a pharmacodynamic evaluation of the formulation. Materials and Methods: The gel was prepared by using carbopol 934 as gelling agent and methyl paraben as a preservative in an Aloe vera gel base. The formulated gel was also evaluated for physicochemical parameters like pH, viscosity, drug content, and in vitro diffusion assessment. Pharmacodynamic activity of the formulation was evaluated in Wistar albino rats. The formulated gel was compared with that of similar marketed gel (commercial piroxicam gel (CPG)) against the same parameters. Results: From in vitro studies, an effective drug release from PAG was observed to be 68.17% when compared with that of the CPG (62.71%) at 180 min indicating better drug release from the gel formulated in this study. Percentage inhibition of edema was greater for the preparation of PAG (29.57 mean percent inhibition after 60 min) compared to marketed gel which exhibited 18.3% after 60 min. Conclusion: It was concluded from the results that the Aloe vera gel acts as an effective gel base to prepare piroxicam gel with high drug loading capacity and improved anti-inflammatory effect. From the statistical analysis the formulation of PAG showed better release than the CPG at p < 0.05 level of significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the traditional five sensory perceptions, colour and smell often go hand in hand, along with taste. Among the objects used for worshipping God, for instance, flowers and incenses occupy prime places. The subject matter of this article is the chemistry of musk and related perfumes derived from natural sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the several ways of exploiting locally available plants in their day-to-day activities by primitive communities all over the world, catching fish for food was a major one. The plants used for this purpose included species of Derris and Lonchocarpus of the family Leguminosae ( Fabaceae). The active principle, rotenone, is a pentacyclic isoflavanoid derivative. Several other closely related compounds are also known and these are together classified as rotenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify various factors in the development of rampant type of dental caries in South Kerala children, other than high sucrose intake and poor oral hygiene. This was done by comparing the salivary buffering capacity(BC), flow-rate(FR), resting pH and salivary immunoglobulin-A(s-IgA) levels in children who are caries resistant(CR) and who have rampant dental caries. Materials and Methods:Two study groups, a rampant caries group(RC) with more than five active caries lesions in the early stages and a CR with no caries lesions were selected based on a specific criteria. Unstimulated whole mixed saliva was collected directly from the floor of the mouth for a period of 10 min and the FR was calculated. Resting pH of saliva was measured using color coded pH paper. BC was measured by calculating the amount of citric acid of pH2.5, required to lower the initial pH of saliva down to 3. s-IgA levels were also estimated by immunoturbidometric method after forming a precipitate of s-IgA with specific anti-IgA antibodies. Result: The salivary BC, FRs, pH and s-IgA levels were significantly lower in the RC group when compared to the CR group. Conclusion: This study showed that salivary BC, flow-rate, resting pH and levels of s-IgA in saliva are risk factors in the development of RC in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European explorers of the New World brought back to Europe exotic specimens of plant and animal origin. One of these was curare, the arrow poison used by the natives of the Orinoco and the Amazon river basins mainly to capture birds and animals for food. Three types of curare were known, namely tubocurare, calabash curare and pot curare. The main plant component of tubocurare was identified as the Menispermaceae plant Chondrodendrontomentosum, whereas in calabash curare the chief ingredient was the bark of Strychnos toxifera. From tubocurare, the quaternary base, d-tubocurarine was isolated. It is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Calabash curare is a complex mixture of several closely related indole alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most colourful objects found in Nature are bird feathers and butterfly wings. Their beauty is more obvious when a bird or a butterfly is in flight as the colour of the pigments present in wings and feathers is accentuated by refraction and reflection of incident light by the nanokeratinoid structural elements in the feather. Thus, when a bird or a butterfly flaps its wings the effect is kaleidoscopic. The pigments responsible for the primary colours of bird feathers and butterfly wings are discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigo and Tyrian purple are two dyes which have captured the imagination of the common man as well as the gentry from the very beginning of human civilization. Their story is like a multi-coloured yarn, with strands from chemistry, history, culture and politics. Their popularity is reflected by the fact that their stories are very well documented not only in scientific journals but also in books and even on the celluloid! Recent studies show that indigo may be utilized even as a semi-conducting material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the very beginning of civilization, humans have used chemicals from Nature - most of them comparatively small organic molecules now designated as secondary metabolites - for a variety of purposes such as pigments and dyes, arrow and fish poisons and olfactory stimulants. It is no wonder that many eminent chemists were attracted to these materials to elucidate the underlying chemistry. Willstatter, Baeyer, Richard Kuhn, Karrer, Robinson and others made pioneering studies and isolated several new compounds which were included in the curriculum of earlier days. Another pioneer, A G Perkin, second son of Sir W H Perkin, was, according to his elder brother, W H Perkin, Jr, a dabhand with natural dyes.He andAE Everest wrote a book The Natural Organic Colouring Matters, first published in 1918, which was like a Bible to natural product chemists of yesteryears. (You can now read it on line!). As organic chemistry progressed, making leaps and bounds, the newer exciting discoveries gradually pushed the study of several of these compounds out of the curriculum. While one can understand this trend, one also feels sad that students these days are not aware of several interesting facets of natural products chemistry which link organic chemistry with folklore, traditional practices by diverse native communities, indigenous systems of medicine and current ideas of chemical structure and reactivities. It is not possible to fill in these gaps in textbooks which are designed to cater to the needs of students preparing for various university examinations, but articles such as those contemplated here can provide students with knowledge that can be stimulating, interesting as well as enjoyable! We begin the series with 'some exotic red pigments of plant origin'. Several red coloured dyes and pigments of vegetable origin have been known to mankind ever since the dawn of civilization. Their varied uses have been mentioned in ancient literature, including the Ramayana, folklores, travelogues and accounts of several explorers. Their chemistry is equally fascinating and has attracted the attention of a number of eminent organic chemists. In this article, we examine a few of these pigments isolated from plant materials found in different parts of the world. They include the pigments of the red sandalwood, the colourants of safflower, the exotic cosmetic chica red, brazilin from the Brazil wood (and the related hematoxylin), the compounds from the Dragon's blood, the sesquiterpene quinones of the Miro wood and rottlerin, the main red pigment of Kamala dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies sustainable supply chain management from the perspective of protein biosynthesis, which is one of the most fundamental supply chains present in every organism. After providing a review of literature, the study explains the protein biosynthesis process. The paper then analyzes sustainable supply chains using a biomimetic perspective of protein biosynthesis. Finally, lessons of excellence for supply chain sustainability based on unique characteristics present in the protein biosynthesis process have been delineated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]