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This study investigates the fabrication of nanostructured chromium thin films via selective dissolution of PVD-deposited Cu–Cr thin films. The effects of the deposition parameters on the structural, chemical, and morphological properties of the films are systematically analyzed. Starting from a thin film composed of 50 wt.% chromium and 50 wt.% copper, deposited onto a substrate pre-heated to 300 °C, we demonstrate that the following dealloying process carried out in a diluted nitric acid solution yields nanostructured chromium films with high porosity, large surface area, enhanced wettability and neglectable copper content. These findings underline the critical influence of the deposition temperature and alloy composition on achieving optimal film properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To perform a quantitative multimodal evaluation in 25 patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) without ocular complaints and to compare them with 25 healthy individuals. Methods: A structural and functional ophthalmological evaluation using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and microperimetry (MP) exam in 25 patients with PAPS, followed at a tertiary rheumatology outpatient clinic, was performed. All ophthalmologic manifestations were documented and subsequent statistical analysis was performed for comparative purposes, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: We included 100 eyes of 50 subjects (25 patients with PAPS without ocular complaints and 25 healthy individuals). Quantitative OCTA assessment revealed significant differences between PAPS patients and controls in both the superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) using high-speed protocol, as well as in the SVC in the high-resolution protocol. Analysis of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters showed a larger area of FAZ in the DVC in PAPS patients using the high-speed method compared to the control group (p = 0.047). In MP quantitative analysis, the PAPS group exhibited lower central (p = 0.041) and global (p < 0.001) retinal sensitivity compared to the control group, along with sectoral differences, except in the inferior sector. Conclusions: PAPS patients present lower vascular density and retinal sensitivity compared to the control group, even in patients without paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). Our findings underscore the significance of ocular evaluation beyond symptomatic assessment in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic substance from turmeric, displays diverse medicinal properties. However, its instability poses challenges in detection. Cyclodextrin-based nanogels (CyDngs) offer a transformative solution, enhancing CUR's stability in aqueous solutions. Multisensing approaches involving fluorescence, electrochemistry, and NMR spectroscopy were employed, demonstrating CyDngs' pivotal role in CUR detection. Langmuir analysis revealed a binding constant of 1.4 × 104 M–1 for CyDngs, highlighting their effectiveness over native β-CyDs. The study emphasized CyDngs' superiority in stabilizing CUR and enabling reliable and sensitive detection with very diverse methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Identifying novel variants in very rare disease genes can be challenging when patients exhibit a complex phenotype that expands the one described, and we provide such an example here. A few terminal truncating variants in KIDINS220 cause spastic paraplegia (SP), intellectual disability (ID), nystagmus, and obesity (SINO, MIM #617296). Prompted by the result of next-generation sequencing on a patient referred for SP associated with complex brain dysmorphisms, we reviewed the phenotype of SINO patients focusing on their brain malformations, mainly described in prenatal age and first years of life, and tried to understand if the predicted effect of the mutant kidins220 may have caused them. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and a literature and mutation databases review. Results: We report a young adult with SP, severe ID, strabismus, and macrocephaly exhibiting brain malformations at follow-up, partially overlapping with those described in TUBB3 tubulinopathy. WES analysis of the proband and parents identified the heterozygous de novo variant (NM_020738.4: c. 4144G > T) p. Glu 1382* in KIDINS220 that was predicted to be causative of SINO. Conclusions: The progression of myelination and the development of brain structures turned out to be crucial for identifying, at follow-up, the whole KIDINS220-related brain malformations. The truncated proteins associated with SINO lack a portion fundamental for the interaction of kidins220 with tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins. The complexity of the brain malformations displayed by our patient, and possibly by other reported SINO patients, could result from an impaired dynamic modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton during embryogenesis. Brain malformations must be considered as part of the SINO spectrum phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioresorbable electrochemical sensors remain mostly unexplored despite their ability to provide continuous in situ measurements of critical biomarkers. The primary challenge arises from the direct exposure of the electrodes' thin metal films to biofluids, which poses difficulties in ensuring both proper operational lifetimes and sensing performance. Molybdenum (Mo) presents itself as a promising biometal due to its uniquely gradual dissolution in biofluids, facilitated by the formation of a slower‐dissolving MoOx surface layer. Consequently, carefully engineered MoOx films can endow transient electrochemical sensors with unparalleled stability during extended operational lifetimes. Herein an unprecedented sensor architecture achieved via the unique pairing of sputtered Mo and MoOx thin films, probed as a pH and dissolved oxygen sensor is reported. Compared to a bare Mo electrode, a bilayer Mo+MoOx electrode subjected to post‐deposition annealing (400 °C, 60 min, N2 environment) displayed a largely improved stability (>24 h) in solution and demonstrated predictable functionality during ongoing film dissolution at 37 °C. Collectively, this work establishes a pioneering strategy for the fabrication of reliable and clinically relevant implantable electrochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Reporting gender-related outcomes for symptomatic carotid lesion revascularization after both endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures in an unselected group of patients treated by Italian Vascular Specialists. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients presenting with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis treated by CAS and by CEA. The primary endpoint was the 30 days any stroke occurrence rate; secondary endpoints were technical success, occurrence of transient ischemic attack (TIA), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and death. Demographic, clinical and procedural data were all noted in order to identify the outcome's determining factor. Results: A total of 265 patients (193 males and 72 females) were enrolled, and of these 134 (50.5%) underwent CEA and 131 CAS (49.5%). At 30 days, the overall new stroke rate was 3.4% (one fatal), and no TIA, AMI or deaths were observed. Among strokes, seven major and two minor strokes were reported, with six after CEA and three after CAS (p = 0.32; OR: 2; CI95%: 0.48–8.17). The timing of revascularization has been found to be slightly associated with new stroke occurrence: seven out nine strokes were observed in patients treated within 14 days from symptom onset (5.5% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.08, OR: 3.8, CI95%: 0.77–18.56). Lastly, female patients presented a significantly higher risk of post-operative stroke compared to male patients: 6.9% vs. 2.1% (p: 0.05; OR: 3.52; CI95%: 0.91–13.52). Conclusions: Our experience seems to suggest that both CEA and CAS provide safe and effective results in treating patients presenting with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Regardless of the type of revascularization, female sex is an independent risk factor for stroke recurrence after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body image concerns related to breast cancer surgery may challenge patients’ quality of life and their treatment outcomes, thus representing a key aspect to be assessed in the psycho-oncological settings. The present longitudinal study is aimed to (1) investigate the association between preoperative body image and postoperative psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients; (2) explore the impact of pre−/post-surgery variation in body image on psychological symptomatology. Methods: N =  72 women undergoing breast cancer surgery were preoperatively screened (T1) using the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) and were assessed postoperatively (T2) using the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and re-administered the BUT. Spearman’s correlation was used to investigate the relationship between age, preoperative body image and postoperative psychological symptoms, and variation in body image. To predict post-surgical psychological symptomatology, two separated multiple regression models were used to evaluate preoperative body image and its variation after surgery controlling for covariates (i.e., education; intervention type). P significance was set as 0.05 for all analyses and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: At T1, anxiety in relation to body image scores emerged as the most frequently experienced psychological symptomatology after surgery (all adjusted p <  0.05). Significant correlations were observed between all SCL90-R scores at T2 and avoidance behaviors and depersonalization scores at T1. The associations were most significantly strong for somatization, depression, anxiety, and hostility (all adjusted p <  0.05). However, change in body image between pre- and post-intervention was not associated with psychological symptomatology at T2 (all adjusted p >  0.05). Pre-surgery body avoidance was significantly associated with post-intervention psychological symptoms (SOMβ  =  0.453, p =  0.0001; DEPβ  =  0.507, p =  0.0001; AXβ  =  0.459, p =  0.0001; HOSβ  =  0.410, p=. 0001). However, increased weight phobia between preand post-surgery was statistically associated with increased somatization, anxiety, depression and hostility at T2 (βSOM  =  0.439, p =  0.0001; βDEP =  0.454, p =  0.0001; βANX  =  0.471, p =  0.0001). Discussion: Overall, pre−/post-intervention body concerns were significantly associated with primary psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. Higher levels of body avoidance and weight phobia were significantly associated with the primary psychological dimensions assessed. As body concerns might act as quality-of-life predictors, their evaluation is crucial in fostering patients’ well-being and treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP‐ALL) blasts strictly depend on the transport of extra‐cellular asparagine (Asn), yielding a rationale for L‐asparaginase (ASNase) therapy. However, the carriers used by ALL blasts for Asn transport have not been identified yet. Exploiting RS4;11 cells as BCP‐ALL model, we have found that cell Asn is lowered by either silencing or inhibition of the transporters ASCT2 or SNAT5. The inhibitors V‐9302 (for ASCT2) and GluγHA (for SNAT5) markedly lower cell proliferation and, when used together, suppress mTOR activity, induce autophagy and cause a severe nutritional stress, leading to a proliferative arrest and a massive cell death in both the ASNase‐sensitive RS4;11 cells and the relatively ASNase‐insensitive NALM‐6 cells. The cytotoxic effect is not prevented by coculturing leukaemic cells with primary mesenchymal stromal cells. Leukaemic blasts of paediatric ALL patients express ASCT2 and SNAT5 at diagnosis and undergo marked cytotoxicity when exposed to the inhibitors. ASCT2 expression is positively correlated with the minimal residual disease at the end of the induction therapy. In conclusion, ASCT2 and SNAT5 are the carriers exploited by ALL cells to transport Asn, and ASCT2 expression is associated with a lower therapeutic response. ASCT2 may thus represent a novel therapeutic target in BCP‐ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare congenital disorder of the connective tissue, leading to thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) and dissection, among other complications. Currently, the most efficient strategy to prevent life-threatening dissection is preventive surgery. Periodic imaging applying complex techniques is required to monitor TAA progression and to guide the timing of surgical intervention. Thus, there is an acute demand for non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for innovative therapeutic targets of MFS. Unraveling the intricate pathomolecular mechanisms underlying the syndrome is vital to address these needs. High-throughput platforms are particularly well-suited for this purpose, as they enable the integration of different datasets, such as transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. In this narrative review, we summarize relevant studies investigating changes in both the coding and non-coding transcriptome and epigenome in MFS-induced TAA. The collective findings highlight the implicated pathways, such as TGF-β signaling, extracellular matrix structure, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Potential candidates as biomarkers, such as miR-200c, as well as therapeutic targets emerged, like Tfam, associated with mitochondrial respiration, or miR-632, stimulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. While these discoveries are promising, rigorous and extensive validation in large patient cohorts is indispensable to confirm their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the standard of care for treating infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in patients with favorable anatomies, while patients with challenging AAA anatomies, and those with suprarenal or thoraco-abdominal aneurysms, still need alternative, more complex, solutions, including custom-made branched or fenestrated grafts, which are constrained by production delay and costs. To address urgent needs and complex cases, physicians have proposed modifying standard endografts by manually creating graft fenestrations. This allows for effective aneurysm exclusion and satisfactory patency of visceral vessels. Although physician-modified grafts (PMEGs) have demonstrated high technical success, standardized creation processes and long-term safety data are still lacking, necessitating further study to validate their clinical and legal standing. The aim of this article is to illustrate the state of the art with regard to this surgical technique, summarizing its origin, evolution, and the main clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness. The paper also aims to discuss the main medico-legal issues related to the use of PMEGs, with particular reference to the issue of safety related to the standardization of the surgical technique, medical liability profiles, and informed consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant public health challenges, sharing intertwined pathophysiological mechanisms. Prediabetes is recognized as a precursor to diabetes and is often accompanied by cardiovascular comorbidities such as hypertension, elevating the risk of pre-frailty and frailty. Albuminuria is a hallmark of organ damage in hypertension amplifying the risk of pre-frailty, frailty, and cognitive decline in older adults. We explored the association between albuminuria and cognitive impairment in frail older adults with prediabetes and CKD, assessing cognitive levels based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods: We conducted a study involving consecutive frail older patients with hypertension recruited from March 2021 to March 2023 at the ASL (local health unit of the Italian Ministry of Health) of Avellino, Italy, followed up after three months. Inclusion criteria comprised age over 65 years, prior diagnosis of hypertension without secondary causes, prediabetes, frailty status, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score < 26, and CKD with eGFR > 15 ml/min. Results: 237 patients completed the study. We examined the association between albuminuria and MoCA Score, revealing a significant inverse correlation (r: 0.8846; p < 0.0001). Subsequently, we compared MoCA Score based on eGFR, observing a significant difference (p < 0.0001). These findings were further supported by a multivariable regression analysis, with albuminuria as the dependent variable. Conclusions: Our study represents the pioneering effort to establish a significant correlation between albuminuria and eGFR with cognitive function in frail hypertensive older adults afflicted with prediabetes and CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in wearable technology have led to a new era of intelligent wound dressings capable of monitoring vital healing biomarkers. While a significant leap from traditional gauze dressings, these innovations still necessitate periodic removal and disposal. Bioresorbable electrochemical sensors have emerged as a promising and sustainable solution, offering continuous monitoring of critical wound healing biomarkers in real‐time and in situ, followed by their full physiological resorption. The current challenge lies in the susceptibility of metallic electrodes to harsh electrolytic biofluids, hindering the development of viable transient electrochemical sensors. This study pioneers a bioresorbable electrochemical material and unique architecture comprising engineered sputtered tungsten (W) plus tungsten oxide (WOx) thin films, taking advantage of their high catalytic activity and uniquely gradual biodissolution. While a bare W film electrode detached from the wafer substrate within 5 hours of soaking, an annealed W‐WOx electrode showcases a notable electrochemical stability at body temperature, for up to several days. The latter reliably senses multiple analytes during 24‐hour room‐temperature tests. These findings underscore the potential of annealed W plus WOx electrodes in future bioresorbable wound management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeing the atomic configuration of single organic nanoparticles at a sub-Å spatial resolution by transmission electron microscopy has been so far prevented by the high sensitivity of soft matter to radiation damage. This difficulty is related to the need to irradiate the particle with a total dose of a few electrons/Å2, not compatible with the electron beam density necessary to search the low-contrast nanoparticle, to control its drift, finely adjust the electron-optical conditions and particle orientation, and finally acquire an effective atomic-resolution image. On the other hand, the capability to study individual pristine nanoparticles, such as proteins, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and polymers, with peculiar sensitivity to the variation in the local structure, defects, and strain, would provide advancements in many fields, including materials science, medicine, biology, and pharmacology. Here, we report the direct sub-ångström-resolution imaging at room temperature of pristine unstained crystalline polymer-based nanoparticles. This result is obtained by combining low-dose in-line electron holography and phase-contrast imaging on state-of-the-art equipment, providing an effective tool for the quantitative sub-ångström imaging of soft matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accessory renal arteries (ARAs) frequently coexist with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and can influence treatment. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the ARA's exclusion effect on patients undergoing standard endovascular aneurysm repair for AAA. Methods: The study focused on medium- and long-term outcomes, including type II endoleak, aneurysmal sac changes, mortality, reoperation rates, renal function, and infarction post-operatively. Results: 76 patients treated with EVAR for AAA were included. One hundred and two ARAs were identified: 69 originated from the neck, 30 from the sac, and 3 from the iliac arteries. The ARA treatment was embolization in 15 patients and coverage in 72. Technical success was 100%. One-month post-operative computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed that 76 ARAs (74.51%) were excluded. Thirty-day complications included renal deterioration in 7 patients (9.21%) and a blood pressure increase in 15 (19.73%). During follow-up, 16 patients (21.05%) died, with three aneurysm-related deaths (3.94%). ARA-related type II endoleak (T2EL) was significantly associated with the ARA's origin in the aneurysmatic sac. Despite reinterventions were not significantly linked to any factor, post-operative renal infarction was correlated with an ARA diameter greater than 3 mm and ARA embolization. Conclusion: ARAs can influence EVAR outcomes, with anatomical and procedural factors associated with T2EL and renal infarction. Further studies are needed to optimize the management of ARAs during EVAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid and accurate detection of infectious people is crucial in controlling outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of the viral load expressed as Ct in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected for RT-PCR testing. Forty-one subjects were recruited, of which 48.8% developed severe symptoms and 51.2% showed milder symptoms. The distribution of Ct values measured from the symptom onset showed that the kinetics of the viral load decreased with increasing time. A Ct of 25 (high viral load) was reached after a mean of 9.9 ± 4.8 days from the symptom onset, without a significant difference between patients with severe (10.9 ± 5.7 days) and milder (9.0 ± 3.9 days) symptoms. In 65.8% of cases, a high viral load was maintained for more than 7 days from the symptom onset, especially in patients with severe symptoms (70.6%). A Ct of 30 (moderate viral load) and of 38 (low viral load) were reached after a mean of 16.1 ± 8.1 and 28.5 ± 22.4 days from the symptom onset, respectively, with a significant difference between patients with severe (Ct = 30:17.9 ± 9.8 days; Ct = 38:34.6 ± 29.6 days) and milder (Ct = 30:14.3 ± 5.8 days; Ct = 38:22.7 ± 9.9 days) symptoms. These results provide an understanding of the viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 and have implications for pandemic control strategies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant public health challenges, sharing intertwined pathophysiological mechanisms. Prediabetes is recognized as a precursor to diabetes and is often accompanied by cardiovascular comorbidities such as hypertension, elevating the risk of pre-frailty and frailty. Albuminuria is a hallmark of organ damage in hypertension amplifying the risk of pre-frailty, frailty, and cognitive decline in older adults. We explored the association between albuminuria and cognitive impairment in frail older adults with prediabetes and CKD, assessing cognitive levels based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods: We conducted a study involving consecutive frail older patients with hypertension recruited from March 2021 to March 2023 at the ASL (local health unit of the Italian Ministry of Health) of Avellino, Italy, followed up after three months. Inclusion criteria comprised age over 65 years, prior diagnosis of hypertension without secondary causes, prediabetes, frailty status, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score < 26, and CKD with eGFR > 15 ml/min. Results: 237 patients completed the study. We examined the association between albuminuria and MoCA Score, revealing a significant inverse correlation (r: 0.8846; p < 0.0001). Subsequently, we compared MoCA Score based on eGFR, observing a significant difference (p < 0.0001). These findings were further supported by a multivariable regression analysis, with albuminuria as the dependent variable. Conclusions: Our study represents the pioneering effort to establish a significant correlation between albuminuria and eGFR with cognitive function in frail hypertensive older adults afflicted with prediabetes and CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The certification of Ecological Conservation Areas (ECA) was carried out in the Mountain region of Guerrero state, as part of an initiative to promote a new paradigm for conservation, consisting of integrated management of ecosystems, with the Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM) Project in Three Priority Ecoregions, coordinated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the certification process, in order to systematize the regional experience. The research followed a qualitative approach, applying the methodology of documentary research and the systematization of experiences in the researchers' own process. Results indicate that the project achieved ECA certification for 48,851.3 ha, of 18 agricultural nuclei; the certified area represents 57.5% of the total surface area, certified as Areas Voluntarily Destined for Conservation (AVDC) in the state of Guerrero. We conclude that considering the certified area, the ECA certification in the region represents a successful effort for the conservation of ecosystems, while also promoting processes of local and regional participation, organization for conservation and development and inter-institutional coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne nematode-causing canine heartworm disease, with adult worms localized in the pulmonary arteries and right heart. In rare cases, ectopic migration might occur, and adults and blood circulating microfilariae can be found in unusual organs or fluids (e.g., eyes, abdominal cavity, bone marrow, and urine). A 17-year-old mixed-breed female dog was presented in a private veterinary clinic in Italy for hematuria and dysuria. Physical examination showed cardiac mitral murmur with marked respiratory distress and cyanotic mucous membranes after handling. Abdominal ultrasounds revealed a non-specific chronic cystopathy, while the echocardiography showed enlargement of the right heart associated with tricuspid insufficiency and mitral regurgitation, with the presence of an adult filariae in the right ventricular chamber. Circulating microfilariae were observed in the blood smear and molecularly identified as D. immitis. Unusual microfilaruria was detected in the urine sediment. Data presented raise awareness about the occurrence of microfilariae in unusual locations, such as the bladder, suggesting the need of a thorough clinical and laboratory assessment where D. immitis is endemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic materials, known for their exceptional water-repellent properties, have found widespread applications in diverse fields such as self-cleaning surfaces, anti-icing coatings, and water-resistant textiles. In recent years, researchers have explored a sustainable approach by repurposing waste materials to create superhydrophobic surfaces. This eco-friendly approach not only reduces environmental impact but also aligns with circular economy principles, contributing to a more sustainable future. Creating superhydrophobic materials from waste involves a combination of surface modification techniques and hierarchical structuring, with rigorous characterization to ensure the desired properties. These materials showcase their potential in various industries, opening doors to more environmentally friendly technologies. This review delves into the concept of superhydrophobic materials derived from waste and the methods used for their synthesis. It begins by defining superhydrophobicity and highlighting its unique characteristics. It emphasizes the pivotal role played by superhydrophobic materials across industries. The review then explores waste materials' untapped potential, discussing the advantages of harnessing waste for superhydrophobic material development. Concrete examples of promising waste materials are provided, including agricultural residues and industrial byproducts. The review outlines five key sections that will be further developed to offer a comprehensive understanding of this innovative and sustainable approach to superhydrophobic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile-based electronics represents a key technology for the development of wearable devices. Light-emitting textiles based on OLED architecture are particularly promising due to their intrinsic flexibility and possibility to be fabricated on large areas using scalable processes. Fabric planarization is one of the most critical issues in their fabrication. Here we report a fast, simple, and industrially scalable planarization method based on the transfer of surface morphological properties from silicon to fabric. A liquid resin is used as a planarization layer, and by exploiting the low roughness of a 'guide substrate' it is possible to replicate the smooth and uniform surface from the silicon to the planarization layer. The result is a fabric with a flat and homogeneous polymer layer on its surface, suitable for OLED fabrication. In particular, the effect of resin viscosity on the surface morphology was evaluated to obtain the best planarization layer. The best device shows high luminance and current efficiency values, even after 1000 bending cycles. We also explored the possibility of tuning the color emitted by the device by using a fluorescent fabric as a down-converting layer. Thanks to this approach, it is in principle possible to achieve white emission from a very simple device architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are among the first microorganisms colonizing the human gut. Among these species, strains of Bifidobacterium breve are known to be commonly transmitted from mother to her newborn, while this species has also been linked with activities supporting human wellbeing. In the current study, an in silico approach, guided by ecology- and phylogenome-based analyses, was employed to identify a representative strain of B. breve to be exploited as a novel health-promoting candidate. The selected strain, i.e., B. breve PRL2012, was found to well represent the genetic content and functional genomic features of the B. breve taxon. We evaluated the ability of PRL2012 to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and to interact with other human gut commensal microbes. When co-cultivated with various human gut commensals, B. breve PRL2012 revealed an enhancement of its metabolic activity coupled with the activation of cellular defense mechanisms to apparently improve its survivability in a simulated ecosystem resembling the human microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifidobacteria are commensal microorganisms that typically inhabit the mammalian gut, including that of humans. As they may be vertically transmitted, they commonly colonize the human intestine from the very first day following birth and may persist until adulthood and old age, although generally at a reduced relative abundance and prevalence compared to infancy. The ability of bifidobacteria to persist in the human intestinal environment has been attributed to genes involved in adhesion to epithelial cells and the encoding of complex carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes. Recently, a putative mucin‐degrading glycosyl hydrolase belonging to the GH136 family and encoded by the perB gene has been implicated in gut persistence of certain bifidobacterial strains. In the current study, to better characterize the function of this gene, a comparative genomic analysis was performed, revealing the presence of perB homologues in just eight bifidobacterial species known to colonize the human gut, including Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains, or in non‐human primates. Mucin‐mediated growth and adhesion to human intestinal cells, in addition to a rodent model colonization assay, were performed using B. bifidum PRL2010 as a perB prototype and its isogenic perB‐insertion mutant. These results demonstrate that perB inactivation reduces the ability of B. bifidum PRL2010 to grow on and adhere to mucin, as well as to persist in the rodent gut niche. These results corroborate the notion that the perB gene is one of the genetic determinants involved in the persistence of B. bifidum PRL2010 in the human gut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) are among the nanomaterials that are produced in large quantities. ASNP have been present for a long time in several fast-moving consumer products, several of which imply exposure of the gastrointestinal tract, such as toothpastes, food additives, drug excipients, and carriers. Consolidated use and experimental evidence have consistently pointed to the very low acute toxicity and limited absorption of ASNP. However, slow absorption implies prolonged exposure of the intestinal epithelium to ASNP, with documented effects on intestinal permeability and immune gut homeostasis. These effects could explain the hepatic toxicity observed after oral administration of ASNP in animals. More recently, the role of microbiota in these and other ASNP effects has attracted increasing interest in parallel with the recognition of the role of microbiota in a variety of conditions. Although evidence for nanomaterial effects on microbiota is particularly abundant for materials endowed with bactericidal activities, a growing body of recent experimental data indicates that ASNPs also modify microbiota. The implications of these effects are recounted in this contribution, along with a discussion of the more important open issues and recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of novel drugs (PD-1 inhibitors and/or brentuximab vedotin) into salvage regimens has improved the response rate and the outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the impact of new drugs on the outcome has not been adequately investigated so far. We retrospectively analyzed 42 consecutive patients treated at our institution with high-dose chemotherapy/autologous stem cell transplantation after either one standard chemotherapy represented by BEGEV (n = 28) or >1 salvage therapy (ST) comprising novel drugs (n = 14). With a median follow-up of 24 months, the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was similar between the two cohorts: 26% for 1 ST and 18% for >1 ST (p = 0.822). Consistently, overall survival and progression-free survival did not differ among the two groups: 3-year overall survival was 91% and 89% (p = 0.731), respectively, and 3-year progression-free survival was 74% and 83% (p = 0.822) for only one and more than one salvage regimens, respectively. Of note, the post-transplant side effects and engraftment rates were similar between the 1 ST and >1 ST cohorts. In conclusion, consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy/autologous stem cell transplantation is a safe and curative option, even for patients achieving disease response after more than one rescue line of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape variety, quality, geographic origins and phytopathology can influence the amount of polyphenols that accumulate in grape tissues. Polyphenols in wine not only shape their organoleptic characteristics but also significantly contribute to the positive impact that this beverage has on human health. However, during the winemaking process, the total polyphenol content is substantially reduced due to the adsorption onto yeast wall polymers and subsequent lees separation. Despite this, limited information is available regarding the influence of the yeast starter strain on the polyphenolic profile of wine. To address this issue, a population consisting of 136 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains was analyzed to identify those with a diminished ability to adsorb polyphenols. Firstly, the reduction in concentration of polyphenolic compounds associated to each strain was studied by assaying Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) in the wines produced by micro-scale must fermentation. A total of 29 strains exhibiting a TPC and TEAC reduction ≤ 50%, when compared to that detected in the utilized grape must were identified and the nine most-promising strains were further validated by larger-scale vinification. Physico-chemical analyses of the resulting wines led to the identification of four strains, namely ITEM6920, ITEM9500, ITEM9507 and ITEM9508 which showed, compared to the control wine, a TPC and TEAC reduction ≤ 20 in the produced wines. They were denoted by a significant (p < 0.05) increased amount of anthocyanin, quercetin and trans-coutaric acid, minimal volatile acidity (<0.2 g/L), absence of undesirable metabolites and a well-balanced volatile profile. As far as we know, this investigation represents the first clonal selection of yeast strains aimed at the identifying "functional" fermentation starters, thereby enabling the production of regional wines with enriched polyphenolic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A facile and clean-room compatible approach to Ni nitride (NixNy) synthesis is proposed, based on a reactive sputtering deposition technique. NixNy thin films were deposited at different N2 partial pressures, after which their electrocatalytic properties towards glucose oxidation were investigated. Relative to the bare Ni, NixNy thin films sputtered at low N2 partial pressures exhibited a decreased linear range (0–5 mM) and sensitivity. Contrarily, NixNy thin films sputtered at high N2 partial pressures displayed an increase in sensitivity of ≈30% in the same linear range (0–10 mM) as for Ni. The NixNy films showed a clear morphological change from a flat thin film (Ni) to a faceted nanostructure whose characteristic dimensions decreased with increasing N2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of vascular graft/endograft infection (VGEI) is a challenge for clinicians due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and the complexity of its management. Microbiological culture is the gold standard, but it often fails to isolate the causative microorganism. A non-invasive imaging approach is therefore needed to assess VGEI. CTA is currently the first-choice imaging modality. Nuclear medicine techniques are recommended in case of negative or doubtful CTA results with persisting clinical suspicion. This review aims to summarize data from original studies published in the last decades regarding the role of both white blood cell (WBC) scans and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT), their respective diagnostic performances, and their integration into the diagnostic approach for patients with a suspicion of VGEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study a novel and straightforward 3D printing method based on inkjet printing process for the design of superhydrophobic surfaces was investigated. In particular, a novel sol-gel solution was designed and used with a modified 3D printing approach based on micro-solenoid inkjet printing. The study focuses on the impact of roughness and chemical composition - both crucial factors in achieving superhydrophobic properties - by measuring the contact. In addition, tilt angle of water droplets on different coating were determined. It is believed that the simple new inkjet printing method presented here can expand the application of the superhydrophobic high and low adhesive surface on different substrates for application in many industrial fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the factors that influence individuals' belief in fake news? A structured survey was conducted to examine the impact of cognitive, emotional, and personality factors on the perceived accuracy of fake news. This study utilizes certain facets of the Personality Inventory of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PID‐5‐Adult trait) to investigate the phenomenon of fake news. Using actual fake news headlines encountered on Facebook, the study revealed that individuals with high levels of psychoticism, impulsivity, suspiciousness, and low analytical reasoning abilities are more likely to believe fake news. Furthermore, the study found that fear induced by news content significantly influences by impeding rational, factual analysis. These findings suggest that while social media platforms contribute to the dissemination of fake news, individual vulnerabilities also play a crucial role. These findings could be useful for the development of digital literacy programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for non‐enzymatic alternatives to glucose oxidase, reliable and microchip‐compatible approaches to catalyst development are highly desirable. Herein, the electrochemical behavior of thin films of VOx deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on glassy carbon electrodes is reported. A process of partial etching during polarization is observed. Thereafter, highly active and stable traces of VOx act as catalytic centers for glucose electrooxidation. A mechanistic description of the electrochemical process is proposed based on evidence provided by voltammetric measurements. The sensors are calibrated both with potentiometric and amperometric techniques, the former showing a wide linear range (1–10 mM), good sensitivity (14.93 ± 0.39 µA cm−2 × mM–1) and a limit of detection (0.32 m‐M). Unlike most metal oxides, it is shown that VOx on glassy carbon is capable of successfully oxidizing glucose at −0.4 V. Such a one‐of‐kind behavior can have important ramifications for energy‐efficient integrated electrochemical sensors and non‐enzymatic glucose sensing as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current single-cell technologies require large and expensive equipment, limiting their use to specialized labs. In this paper, we present for the first time a microfluidic device which demonstrates a combined method for full-electric cell capturing, analyzing, and selectively releasing with single-cell resolution. All functionalities are experimentally demonstrated on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our microfluidic platform consists of traps centered around a pair of individually accessible coplanar electrodes, positioned under a microfluidic channel. Using this device, we validate our novel Two-Voltage method for trapping single cells by positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP). Cells are attracted to the trap when a high voltage (VH) is applied. A low voltage (VL) holds the already trapped cell in place without attracting additional cells, allowing full control over the number of trapped cells. After trapping, the cells are analyzed by broadband electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These measurements allow the detection of single cells and the extraction of cell parameters. Additionally, these measurements show a strong correlation between average phase change and cell size, enabling the use of our system for size measurements in biological applications. Finally, our device allows selectively releasing trapped cells by turning off the pDEP signal in their trap. The experimental results show the techniques potential as a full-electric single-cell analysis tool with potential for miniaturization and automation which opens new avenues towards small-scale, high throughput single-cell analysis and sorting lab-on-CMOS devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Several studies have shown the relevance among students of the quality of their interpersonal relationships for their academic achievement. Nevertheless, most studies available have explored the relation between the cognitive functioning and academic achievement without taking into account the quality of the relationships experienced in the school environment. Furthermore, the studies that have begun to consider the joint role of these factors in the prediction of academic achievement are scant. Therefore, it appears of relevance to deepen the relation between cognitive functioning and quality of school relationships in order to support students' academic achievement and the potential of youth. In this paper, we examined the moderating role of the quality of student–teacher relationships and school bonding (STR-SB) in the associations of fluid intelligence (Gf) with academic achievement among adolescents (N = 219). A multiple-group structural equation modelling analysis revealed that STR-SB quality moderated unexpectedly only the link between Gf and mathematics. The findings support the idea that the quality of student–teacher relationships may be a relevant dimension to be considered to clarify the association between cognitive functioning and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals, widely acknowledged for their unique physical-chemical properties and functionalities, are used in disparate technological fields, including photovoltaics, sensing, environmental remediation and energy storage. In this paper, the preparation of thin films consisting of anatase-phase TiO2 nanorods deposited using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique and their characterization in terms of morphology, elemental composition and wettability are presented and discussed. Particular attention is paid to the effects of the laser fluence, varied over a broad range (F = 25, 50, 100 mJ/cm2), and to the role of the capping surfactants bound to the surface of the nanorod precursors. Whereas increasing fluence favored a partial removal of the surface-bound surfactants, a post-growth UV-light-driven photocatalytic treatment of the films was found to be necessary to reduce the incorporated fraction of organics to a further substantial extent. It was noteworthy that, under our experimental conditions, the distinctive surface patterns and roughness that commonly degrade the morphology of films deposited using the MAPLE technique were not observable. This previously unreported experimental evidence was rationalized on the basis of the interaction dynamics between solvent/solute droplets ejected from the laser-irradiated target and the rough surfaces of the growing film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a psychosocial perspective, the psychoanalytic theory of social defenses can help to understand professionals' resistance to reflexivity when it comes to improving practices and programs. One of the intervention methods developed based on this theory is the Work Discussion Group (WDG), which is a group course designed to support the development of reflective skills in the field of helping relationships. This article presents an ex-post evaluation of a WDG experience with a group of social workers working with young probationers. The aim was to explore how the WDG helped the social workers to overcome their resistance to reflexivity and to reflect on both their relationship with the young people in their care and the probation service as a form of restorative justice. The project team conducted the evaluation study 5 years after the completion of the project activities from an observation-in-situation position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed at comparing 99mTc-HMPAO white blood cells (99mTc-WBC) scintigraphy, 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and CT angiography (CTA) in patients with suspected abdominal vascular graft or endograft infection (VGEI). Moreover, we attempted to define a new visual score for interpreting [18F]FDG PET/CT scans aiming at increasing its specificity. Methods: We prospectively compared 99mTc-WBC SPECT/CT, [18F]FDG PET/CT, and CTA in 26 patients with suspected abdominal VGEI. WBC scans were performed and interpreted according to EANM recommendations. [18F]FDG PET/CT studies were assessed with both qualitative (Sah's scale and new visual score) and semi-quantitative analyses. CTA images were interpreted according to MAGIC criteria. Microbiology, histopathology or a clinical follow-up of at least 24 months were used to achieve final diagnosis. Results: Eleven out of 26 patients were infected. [18F]FDG PET/CT showed 100% sensitivity and NPV, with both scoring systems, thus representing an efficient tool to rule out the infection. The use of a more detailed scoring system provided statistically higher specificity compared to the previous Sah's scale (p = 0.049). 99mTc-WBC SPECT/CT provided statistically higher specificity and PPV than [18F]FDG PET/CT, regardless the interpretation criteria used and it can be, therefore, used in early post-surgical phases or to confirm or rule out a PET/CT finding. Conclusions: After CTA, patients with suspected late VGEI should perform a [18F]FDG PET/CT given its high sensitivity and NPV. However, given its lower specificity, positive results should be confirmed with 99mTc-WBC scintigraphy. The use of a more detailed scoring system reduces the number of 99mTc-WBC scans needed after [18F]FDG PET/CT. Nevertheless, in suspected infections within 4 months from surgery, 99mTc-WBC SPECT/CT should be performed as second exam, due to its high accuracy in differentiating sterile inflammation from infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to perform a multimodal ophthalmological evaluation, including optical coherence angiography (OCTA), asymptomatic APS secondary to SLE (APS/SLE), and compare to SLE patients and control group (CG). We performed a complete structural/functional ophthalmological evaluation using OCTA/microperimetry exam in all participants. One hundred fifty eyes/75 asymptomatic subjects [APS/SLE (n = 25), SLE (n = 25), and CG (n = 25)] were included. Ophthalmologic abnormalities occurred in 9 (36%) APS/SLE, 11 (44%) SLE, and none of CG (p < 0.001). The most common retinal finding was Drusen-like deposits (DLDs) exclusively in APS/SLE and SLE (16% vs. 24%, p = 0.75) whereas severe changes occurred solely in APS/SLE [2 paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and 1 homonymous quadrantanopsia]. A trend of higher frequency of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) triple positivity (100% vs. 16%, p = 0.05) and higher mean values of adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (aGAPSS) (14 ± 0 vs. 9.69 ± 3.44, p = 0.09) was observed in APS/SLE with PAMM vs. those without this complication. We identified that ophthalmologic retinal abnormalities occurred in more than 1/4 of asymptomatic APS/SLE and SLE. DLDs are the most frequent with similar frequencies in both conditions whereas PAMM occurred exclusively in APS/SLE patients. The possible association of the latter condition with aPL triple positivity and high aGAPSS suggests these two conditions may underlie the retinal maculopathy. Our findings in asymptomatic patients reinforce the need for early surveillance in these patients. Key Points • Retinal abnormalities occur in more than 1/4 of asymptomatic APS/SLE and SLE patients. • The occurrence of PAMM is possibly associated with APS and DLDs with SLE. • Presence of aPL triple positivity and high aGAPSS seem to be risk factors for PAMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SLC38A5/SNAT5 is a system N transporter that can mediate net inward or outward transmembrane fluxes of neutral amino acids coupled with Na+ (symport) and H+ (antiport). Its preferential substrates are not only amino acids with side chains containing amide (glutamine and asparagine) or imidazole (histidine) groups, but also serine, glycine, and alanine are transported by the carrier. Expressed in the pancreas, intestinal tract, brain, liver, bone marrow, and placenta, it is regulated at mRNA and protein levels by mTORC1 and WNT/b-catenin pathways, and it is sensitive to pH, nutritional stress, inflammation, and hypoxia. SNAT5 expression has been found to be altered in pathological conditions such as chronic inflammatory diseases, gestational complications, chronic metabolic acidosis, and malnutrition. Growing experimental evidence shows that SNAT5 is overexpressed in several types of cancer cells. Moreover, recently published results indicate that SNAT5 expression in stromal cells can support the metabolic exchanges occurring in the tumor microenvironment of asparagine-auxotroph tumors. We review the functional role of the SNAT5 transporter in pathophysiology and propose that, due to its peculiar operational and regulatory features, SNAT5 may play important pro-cancer roles when expressed either in neoplastic or in stromal cells of glutamine-auxotroph tumors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The transporter SLC38A5/SNAT5 provides net influx or efflux of glutamine, asparagine, and serine. These amino acids are of particular metabolic relevance in several conditions. Changes in transporter expression or activity have been described in selected types of human cancers, where SNAT5 can mediate amino acid exchanges between tumor and stromal cells, thus providing a potential therapeutic target. This is the first review that recapitulates the characteristics and roles of the transporter in physiology and pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report a case of splenic artery aneurysm rupture in a patient with known heterozygosity mutation of the ACTN2 gene (variant c.971G > A p.Arg324Gln). The patient came to our emergency department with epigastric pain radiating to the lumbar area, with an absence of peritonism signs. An abdominal computed tomography angiography showed a ruptured huge (5 cm) splenic artery aneurysm. Therefore, the patient underwent emergency endovascular coil embolization with complete aneurysm exclusion. The postoperative course was uneventful, until postoperative day five when the patient developed a symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia in the absence of echocardiographic alterations. The signs and symptoms disappeared after three days of medical management. The patient was discharged on the 14th postoperative day in good clinical condition under verapamil and anti-platelet therapy. Although ACTN2 mutation was associated with cardiac and peripheral vascular disease occurrence, to the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a visceral (splenic) aneurysm directly linked with this rare mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although compositional variation in the gut microbiome during human development has been extensively investigated, strain-resolved dynamic changes remain to be fully uncovered. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of 12,415 fecal microbiomes from healthy individuals are employed for strain-level tracking of gut microbiota members to elucidate its evolving biodiversity across the human life span. This detailed longitudinal meta-analysis reveals host sex-related persistence of strains belonging to common, maternally-inherited species, such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Comparative genome analyses, coupled with experiments including intimate interaction between microbes and human intestinal cells, show that specific bacterial glycosyl hydrolases related to host-glycan metabolism may contribute to more efficient colonization in females compared to males. These findings point to an intriguing ancient sex-specific host-microbe coevolution driving the selective persistence in women of key microbial taxa that may be vertically passed on to the next generation. Here, via analyses of shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of more than 12,000 fecal microbiomes from healthy individuals, the authors reveal the presence of microbiome genetic traits involved in host mucin metabolism, supporting colonization and persistence of specific bacterial strains preferentially in the intestinal environment of women compared to men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare inherited autosomic disorder, which encompasses a variety of systemic manifestations caused by mutations in the Fibrillin-1 encoding gene (FBN1). Cardinal clinical phenotypes of MFS are highly variable in terms of severity, and commonly involve cardiovascular, ocular, and musculoskeletal systems with a wide range of manifestations, such as ascending aorta aneurysms and dissection, mitral valve prolapse, ectopia lentis and long bone overgrowth, respectively. Of note, an accurate and prompt diagnosis is pivotal in order to provide the best treatment to the patients as early as possible. To date, the diagnosis of the syndrome has relied upon a systemic score calculation as well as DNA mutation identification. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest MFS evidence regarding the definition, differences and similarities with other connective tissue pathologies with severe systemic phenotypes (e.g., Autosomal dominant Weill–Marchesani syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome) and clinical assessment. In this regard, the management of MFS requires a multidisciplinary team in order to accurately control the evolution of the most severe and potentially life-threatening complications. Based on recent findings in the literature and our clinical experience, we propose a multidisciplinary approach involving specialists in different clinical fields (i.e., cardiologists, surgeons, ophthalmologists, orthopedics, pneumologists, neurologists, endocrinologists, geneticists, and psychologists) to comprehensively characterize, treat, and manage MFS patients with a personalized medicine approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]