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Abstract Objective  We sought to evaluate the role of occupation and industry in lung carcinogenesis in six countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods  This multi-center case–control study included 2,056 male and 576 female lung cancer incidence cases diagnosed from 1998 to 2001 and 2,144 male and 727 female controls frequency-matched for sex and age. Unconditional regression models were applied to calculate the odds ratios after controlling for potential confounders including age (5-year groups), study center (15 centers), and tobacco pack-years. Results  Elevated odds ratios (ORs) were found for men employed as production workers (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22–1.72), bookkeepers and cashiers (1.81, 1.03–3.24), general farmers (1.67, 1.08–2.60), livestock workers (2.54, 1.09–5.88), miners (2.17, 1.47–3.23), toolmakers and metal patternmakers (2.56, 1.34–4.94), glass formers (2.55, 1.18–5.50), dockworkers, and freight handlers (1.49, 1.04–2.12). Industries with elevated risk among men included mining (1.75, 1.20–2.57), manufacture of cement, lime, or plaster (3.62, 1.11–12.00), casting of metals (2.00, 1.17–3.45), manufacture of electric motors (2.18, 1.24–3.86). For women, elevated ORs were found for medical, dental, veterinary doctors (2.54, 1.01–6.31), librarians and curators (7.03, 1.80–27.80), sewers 3.63 (1.12–10.23). Conclusions  This study identifies new areas for further, explanatory analyses, especially in production work, and indicates new possible sources of exposure to cancer risk for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several industry-based cohort studies have addressed the risk of lung cancer following exposure to vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile and styrene, with inconsistent results and usually without smoking adjustment. These exposures are addressed here in a large case–control study with full adjustment for smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]