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This paper employs the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to investigate the asymmetric effects of environmental taxes on CO2 emissions embodied in domestic final demand (CDFD) in 23 developing economies. The results indicate that a reduction in environmental tax has a more adverse effect on CDFD than an increase in tax, implying that environmental taxes alone may not be sufficient to reduce CO2 emissions, especially in the context of rapid economic growth. Additionally, the study finds that fluctuations in GDP and population growth are associated with changes in CDFD. The findings further reveal that environmental tax has a positive association with CDFD, which suggests that to achieve emission reduction targets, policymakers need to consider other measures such as incentives for clean technology and regulations on high-emission industries. Furthermore, the robustness test results suggest that technological innovation is significantly linked to a decrease in CO2 emissions embodied in domestic final demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while trade openness is positively associated with CDFD but negatively correlated with GHG emissions. This research provides crucial implications for policymakers on the effectiveness of environmental taxes and the need for supplementary measures to decrease CO2 emissions in developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to study the relationship between remittances and economic growth in African emerging economies from 1990 to 2021. The study centers on the optimistic, pessimistic, and the dual‐gap theories. The autoregressive distributed lag and cointegration techniques are applied. The findings indicate that remittances have a nonsignificantly negative effect on the gross domestic product growth rate. Domestic credit to the private sector and the inflation rate negatively influence economic growth. Policymakers should prioritize targeted response to the COVID‐19 crisis by reducing the costs of access to vaccines and healthcare for the populace so that the received remittances should significantly improve the population's welfare positively. Governments should recognize remittance services and reduce remittance costs by reducing taxes on remittances. Governments should increase the formalization of remittance transfers to improve accessibility to financial services to decrease the unbanked population. The monetary authorities should establish remittance‐based policies that promote the use of formal channels, ease the pressure on emerging countries' credit services, and improve foreign exchange rates. Banks should create financial products and services that attract investments and growth for the remittances of diasporas in developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study looks at whether credit unions, a type of microfinance, increase or decrease poverty in Cameroon from 2004 Q1 to 2021 Q4. Method/design: The fully modified ordinary least square, dynamic ordinary least square, and conical co‐integration is applied. Findings: The findings reveal a long‐term association between credit union measures and poverty levels. The results indicate that the number of credit unions, the number of commercial bank branches, and credit to the private sector negatively relate to poverty levels. This implies that as the number of credit unions increases, the poverty level increases as the credit unions tend to exploit the poor population. Outstanding deposits positively impact poverty levels, which imply that members' deposits alleviate poverty. Research implications: The government should refurbish the existing programs to enhance credit unions' activities to focus more on banking the poor population especially in remote areas. The credit unions should increase deposit mobilization from the public to empower individuals and businesses. The government should regulate the number of credit unions being created to limit exploitation. The government should intervene to ensure that credit unions' policy regarding lending, interest rates, and loan recovery procedures are mutually agreed upon by the parties. Originality/novelty: Limited studies used secondary data focusing on credit unions. The studies give conflicting results: Some studies reveal that microfinance banks positively affect poverty reduction. Some indicate negative effects of microfinance on poverty reduction. Others show that microfinance institutions do not significantly influence poverty reduction. Different opinions exist among depositors and borrowers of credit unions concerning poverty alleviation. Some credit union members hold that credit unions increase poverty, while others argue that credit unions alleviate poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the effect of public relations planning on human resources management performance in the Independent National Electoral Commission in Nigeria. Data were collected through a mailed survey-designed questionnaire to the senior and junior staff. The staff were stratified and randomly selected from a sampling frame of employees. Multiple linear regressions and the Z-test are used for the analysis. The results reveal that public relations planning affect human resources management practice and performance. The Z-critical value suggests a significant difference between the mean ratings of senior staff and junior staff on the strategies for credible performance in the human resource management. The Z-calculated value is greater than the Z-critical value confirming a significant difference between the mean ratings of junior and senior staff on the effectiveness of public relation planning strategies in the human resource management performance. The government is should play a crucial role to guarantee effective public relations planning by employing or deploying qualified personnel, evaluating electoral programs, and staff development programs. The government should provide adequate funding to the Independent National Electoral Commission to build public trust on the information disseminated to the public. The appointment of high-profile staff should be void of biases, prejudices, and unethical practices which will decrease corruption. These policy implications permit the Independent National Electoral Commission and the government human resource managements to mitigate electoral violence, fraud, corruption, and voters' abstention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]