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The challenges in citywide traffic flow are intricate, encompassing various factors like temporal and spatial dependencies, holidays, and weather. Despite the complexity, there are still research gaps in effectively incorporating these spatio‐temporal relations through deep learning. Addressing these gaps is crucial for tackling issues such as traffic congestion, public safety, and efficient traffic management within cities. This paper underscores notable research gaps, including the development of models capable of handling both local and global traffic flow patterns, integrating multi‐modal data sources, and effectively managing spatio‐temporal dependencies. In this paper, we proposed a novel model named 3D spatial–temporal‐based adaptive modeling graph convolutional network (3D(STAMGCN)) that addresses for traffic flow data in better periodicity modeling. In contrast to earlier studies, 3D(STAMGCN) approaches the task of traffic flow prediction as a periodic residual learning problem. This is achieved by capturing the input variation between historical time segments and the anticipated output for future time segments. Forecasting traffic flow, as opposed to a direct approach, is significantly simpler when focusing on learning more stationary deviations. This, in turn, aids in the training of the model. Nevertheless, the networks enable residual generation at each time interval through learned variations between future conditions and their corresponding weekly observations. Consequently, this significantly contributes to achieving more accurate forecasts for multiple steps ahead. We executed extensive experiments on two real‐world datasets and compared the performance of our model to state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Till date it is a great challenge to synthesize CdS photocatalyst with a high stability. In this study, a stable CdS photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple, cost‐effective hydrothermal route via cadmium acetate and thiourea as Cd and S precursors, respectively. The effect of different processing times (8 h and 24 h) and molar ratios on the photocatalytic activity and stability were mainly investigated. The samples were characterized in detail by XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, UV‐vis DRS, Photolummiscence spectroscopy and Surface photovoltage. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐obtained nanostructures was examined for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm). After 70 min of irradiation, nearly 82 % of MB was degraded by CdS nanostructures, display an improved photocatalytic activity for MB degradation with an apparent rate constant (k) of 0.019 min−1. Additionally, CdS nanostructures sustained a good photostability after five consecutive cycles. The higher photocatalytic activity of CdS nanostructure is attributed to an efficient separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs stimulated by its optimal molar ratio, optimal temperature and surface morphology. Our synthesized stable nanostructures have potential for dye contaminated waste‐water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart video surveillance helps to build more robust smart city environment. The varied angle cameras act as smart sensors and collect visual data from smart city environment and transmit it for further visual analysis. The transmitted visual data is required to be in high quality for efficient analysis which is a challenging task while transmitting videos on low capacity bandwidth communication channels. In latest smart surveillance cameras, high quality of video transmission is maintained through various video encoding techniques such as high efficiency video coding. However, these video coding techniques still provide limited capabilities and the demand of high-quality based encoding for salient regions such as pedestrians, vehicles, cyclist/motorcyclist and road in video surveillance systems is still not met. This work is a contribution towards building an efficient salient region-based surveillance framework for smart cities. The proposed framework integrates a deep learning-based video surveillance technique that extracts salient regions from a video frame without information loss, and then encodes it in reduced size. We have applied this approach in diverse case studies environments of smart city to test the applicability of the framework. The successful result in terms of bitrate 56.92%, peak signal to noise ratio 5.35 bd and SR based segmentation accuracy of 92% and 96% for two different benchmark datasets is the outcome of proposed work. Consequently, the generation of less computational region-based video data makes it adaptable to improve surveillance solution in Smart Cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is insufficient evidence to support the use of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness and safety of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. Methods: The study was conducted at Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, lady Willing-don hospital, Lahore for six months duration . The research was conducted by forming two groups. Women in Group-A (inflated urinary bladder) had significantly lower bladder injury as compared to women in Group-B (deflated urinary bladder). i.e. 1.9% vs. 11.32%, pvalue=0.050. Results: Homeostatic sutures requirement was significantly higher in Group-B as that of Group-A. i.e. 15.1% vs. 18.9%, p-value=0.604 Duration of hospital stay showed no significant difference between groups. i.e. 96.2% patients in Group-A and 88.7% patients in Group-B discharged from hospital within 3-4 days. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, women presenting with placenta previa had significantly lower incidences of bladder injury as a result of cystoinflation during cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm birth complicates at-risk singleton pregnancies, and this is associated with a poor prognosis for pregnant mothers. When comparing cervical cerclage to vaginal progesterone, the rationale is clear, but its effectiveness remains a mystery.It is the goal of this systematic review to shed further light on this well-known conundrum. To find research on preventive vaginal progesterone usage vs cervical cerclage, PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched. There were three randomized control trials, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, two cohort studies, and two conventional reviews. It was determined that both strategies for managing preterm delivery were equally effective in terms of preterm birth prevention when applied to pregnant women. We found that vaginal progesterone had less side effects than cervical cerclage, but it has no influence on a woman's ability to function and does not improve her life expectancy. The systematic reviews and randomized controlled studies unequivocally confirmed these findings. Cervical cerclage was shown to be more risky than preventive vaginal progesterone in a comprehensive study. However, prophylactic application of cervical cerclage still remains a superior treatment modality if serial transvaginal ultrasound scans are pointing towards cervical shortening. Therefore, more research is required to understand this relationship to identify populations at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the cosmic analysis of Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model in the frameworks of f (G) and f ̃ (T) modified theories of gravity. We reconstruct functional forms of f (G) and f ̃ (T) models by using a well-known power-law form of scale factor and flat FRW metric. The behavior of these functional forms with respect to their arguments is discussed. Using these models, various cosmic parameters like energy conditions, effective equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter and squared speed of sound parameters are explored to discuss the accelerated expansion of the universe. We obtain some consistent results for accelerated expansion of the universe related to specific values of model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is hard to trust any data entry on online websites as some websites may be malicious, and gather data for illegal or unintended use. For example, bank login and credit card information can be misused for financial theft. To make users aware of the digital safety of websites, we have tried to identify and learn the pattern on a dataset consisting of features of malicious and benign websites. We treated the problem of differentiation between malicious and benign websites as a classification problem and applied several machine learning techniques, for example, random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, and support vector machines to this data. Several evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and false positive rate, were used to evaluate the performance of each classification technique. Since the dataset was imbalanced, the machine learning models developed a bias during training toward a specific class of websites. Multiple data balancing techniques, for example, undersampling, oversampling, and SMOTE, were applied for balancing the dataset and removing the bias. Our experiments showed that after balancing the data, the random forest algorithm using the oversampling technique showed the best results in all evaluation metrics for the benign and malicious website feature dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Published studies have reported that acute kidney injury (AKI) and other kidney related manifestations are associated with COVID-19 and linked with poor outcome. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study of 154 patients involved retrieving data from hospital records confirm COVID-19 infection admitted to the Northwest General Hospital & Research Center, Peshawar from 1st April to 31st July 2020. AKI was defined using kidney disease. Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)" guidelines. Results: Incidence of AKI was 37.01%. Age, gender, intensive care (ICU) requirement, number of comorbid, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), arrhythmias among comorbid and fever and shortness of breath among symptoms were found to be significantly differed between AKI and non-AKI patients. Numerous differences of laboratory results such as serum sodium, potassium, total leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count and platelets between both groups were observed (p<0.05). Inflammatory markers including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly raised in AKI group. Overall mortality was observed to be 38 (24.7%). Moreover, age, ICU requirement; COAD, creatinine, serum sodium, inflammatory markers (LDH, ferritin, d-dimers and CRP), total leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, platelets and support requirement were significantly differed between survivors and non-survivors. Mortality was significantly higher among AKI group, i.e., 52.6% compared to 8.2% in non-AKI group (p<0.001). Conclusion: AKI is common among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and is associated with mortality. In all, AKI patients less than half of the patients survived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To see lipid profile in patients of AMI having no other concomitant disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Coronary Care Unit, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to January 2017. Material & Methods: One hundred newly diagnosed cases of AMI, admitted in coronary care unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar as emergency and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Sampling technique was Convenient sampling. Lipid profile was measured by using Cobas Chemistry analyzer, Roche, in Pathology Department, LRH, Peshawar. Results were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: There were 100 patients and 100 normal individuals included by consecutive sampling in the study. Out of 100 patients 85 (85%) were male and 15 (15%) were female. Age ranged from 26-80 years (50.87 ± 11.02). It was observed that 82% of the AMI patients had cholesterol levels less than 200mg/dl while LDL was less than 100mg/dl in all of the patients. However, HDL which is protective lipoprotein was found to be less than 40mg/dl. It was also observed that 82% of the patients had normal Blood Pressure whereas only 18% had high blood pressure. The working conditions of most of the patients (85%) were sedentary. Conclusion: In majority of the cases, blood pressure was normal. However HDL-C was less than 40 mg/dl in cases which is alarming. Besides, Sedentary Life style was found to be the major factor contributing to AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, for public safety and traffic management, traffic flow prediction is a crucial task. The citywide traffic flow problem is still a big challenge in big cities because of many complex factors. However, to handle some complex factors, e.g., spatial-temporal and some external factors in the intelligent traffic flow forecasting problem, spatial-temporal data for urban applications (i.e., travel time estimation, trajectory planning, taxi demand, traffic congestion, and the regional rainfall) is inherently stochastic and unpredictable. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning-based novel model called "multi-branching spatial-temporal attention-based long-short term memory residual unit (MBSTALRU)" for the citywide traffic flow from lower-level layers to high-level layers, simultaneously. In our work, initially, we have modeled the traffic flow with spatial correlations multiple 3D volume layers and propose the novel multi-branching scheme to control the spatial-temporal features. Our approach is useful for exploring temporal dependencies through the 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) multiple branches, which aim to merge the spatial-temporal characteristics of historical data with three-time intervals, namely closeness, daily, and weekly, and we have embedded features by attention-based long-short term memory (LSTM). Then, we capture the correlation between traffic inflow and outflow with residual layers units. In the end, we merge the external factors dynamically to predict citywide traffic flow simultaneously. The simulation results have been performed on two real-world datasets, BJTaxi and NYCBike, which show better performance and effectiveness of the proposed method than previous state-of-the-art models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multisource rainfall products can be used to overcome the absence of gauged precipitation data for hydrological applications. This study aims to evaluate rainfall estimates from the Chinese S-band weather radar (CINRAD-SA), operational raingauges, multiple satellites (CMORPH, ERA-Interim, GPM, TRMM-3B42RT) and the merged satellite–gauge rainfall products, CMORPH-GC, as inputs to a calibrated probability distribution model (PDM) on the Qinhuai River Basin in Nanjing, China. The Qinhuai is a middle-sized catchment with an area of 799 km2. All sources used in this study are capable of recording rainfall at high spatial and temporal resolution (3 h). The discrepancies between satellite and radar data are analysed by statistical comparison with raingauge data. The streamflow simulation results from three flood events suggest that rainfall estimates using CMORPH-GC, TRMM-3B42RT and S-band radar are more accurate than those using the other rainfall sources. These findings indicate the potential to use satellite and radar data as alternatives to raingauge data in hydrological applications for ungauged or poorly gauged basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple alkaline treatment method is developed to greatly improve the photochemical properties of ZnS. It is found that after treating ZnS with NaOH solution, the obtained sample (3 M-ZnS) has a larger pore size (12.5 nm) and a larger BET area (51.2 m2 g−1), compared with untreated ZnS (3.8 nm, 27.6 m2 g−1, respectively). Moreover, alkaline treatment also increases zinc vacancies (VZn), which up-shift the conduction band (CB) and down shift the valence band (VB) positions. VZn causes a defect energy level above the VB of ZnS, thus causing additional light absorption; it can also act as a trap for the photogenerated holes. VZn not only improves the charge separation efficiency, but also reduces the oxidative ability of holes. Compared with untreated ZnS, the degradation activity of 3 M-ZnS increases by 55% for MB dye in wastewater after 40 minutes of UV light irradiation (λ≤ 420 nm); most importantly, the resistance to photocorrosion of 3 M-ZnS increases by 210% compared with that of untreated ZnS. This low-cost strategy could be used for the mass production of efficient photocatalysts, which can be used for dye cleanup from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of 28 October 2020, there are over 44 000 000 confirmed COVID-19 infections and over 1 000 000 deaths worldwide, including 945 367 infections and 45 765 deaths in the UK. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs in 50% of patients with secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterised by a surge of cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6). Here we describe the case of the first patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia successfully treated with tocilizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor, in the UK. Early treatment (after 7–10 days from the onset of symptoms) with tocilizumab could (1) reduce the risk of requiring non-invasive or invasive ventilation; (2) offer a chance of survival to people who are not fit for escalation or have refused to be ventilated; and (3) potentially increase the chance of survival in some patients who are already ventilated but fail to improve with supportive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is found that under UV light (λ≤420 nm) irradiation, the photo activity of Bi12O15Cl6 is 1 times higher than that of BiOCl for the degradation of methyl orange (MO), which is mainly attributed to the wider light absorption range and higher charge separation efficiency, but rather than BET area (4.5 m2g−1vs. 15.9 m2g−1). Under visible light (λ>420 nm) irradiation, the photo activity of Bi12O15Cl6 is 3.3 times higher than that of Bi3O4Cl for the degradation of MO, which is mainly attributed to the higher charge separation efficiency and higher BET area (0.4 m2g−1), rather than light absorption range (2.86 vs. 2.63 eV). Under UV light irradiation (λ≤420 nm), the photo activity of BiOCl is 1 times higher than that of Bi3O4Cl for the degradation of MO, which is mainly ascribed to the higher BET area (15.9 vs. 0.4 m2g−1) and the higher charge separation efficiency, rather than light absorption (3.4 vs. 2.63 eV). This work suggests that various affecting factors should be fully investigated to correctly understand the photochemical properties of a photocatalyst. Compared with BiOCl and Bi3O4Cl, Bi12O15Cl6 has the highest photo activity under UV light (λ≤420 nm) and visible light (λ>420 nm) irradiation. This work favors to fully understand the photochemical properties of a photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a solitary parathyroid adenoma. The different manifestations of the disease are due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. "Giant parathyroid adenomas" weigh more than 2 g and are rarely evident in clinical examination. We present a young man who presented with severe bone deformities and a palpable neck lump. After surgery, a giant parathyroid adenoma was removed that weighed 33 g. Adenomas weighing more then 30 g are rare and presentation as a neck lump and severe bone disease has seldom been described. In patients presenting with a palpable neck lump, severe bone disease and renal calculi giant parathyroid adenomas should be considered as a possible culprit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To find out the diagnostic role of platelet indices in newly diagnosed patients of myocardial infarction and compare it with normal individuals. METHODS: The platelet indices were measured in 100 newly diagnosed patients of myocardial infarction admitted in cardiology unit, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan and were compared with 100 normal subjects. Two milliliter of venous blood of each subject was collected in K3-EDTA tubes. Platelet indices were assayed by using Sysmex KX-21, Japan auto-analyzer in clinical laboratory of LRH within 10-20 minutes of collection of blood. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: There were 85 males and 15 females in cases and 75 males and 25 females in control group. The mean ages in cases and control group were 50.87±11.02 47.31±12.09 respectively. Platelets count was significantly decreased by 19.93% (p<0.05) to 233 x109/L in patients as compared to controls where it was 291.27x109/L. Mean platelets volume (MPV) was significantly increased by 19.38% (p<0.05) 10.99±1.34fl in cases as compared to control where it was 9.21±0.98 fl. Platelets distribution width was also increased by 14.64% (p<0.05) and was 14.17±2.14fl in cases as compared to 12.36±1.86fl in controls. Platelets large cell ratio was also increased by 24.03% (p<0.05) and was 28.21±7.84% in cases as compared to 22.83±6.85% in controls. The same results were found when platelet indices were compared separately in males and females. CONCLUSION: Platelets count was decreased whereas rest of the platelet indices were significantly raised in newly diagnosed cases of myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia is a rare entity characterized by the histological pattern suggestive of diffuse alveolar damage, eosinophilic pneumonia and organizing pneumonia; the presence of intra alveolar "fibrin balls" distinguishes it from these conditions. Herein, we describe the association of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia with a respiratory tract infection. We believe that such an association has been extremely rarely described. Case presentation: We report the case of a 68 year old female patient of Afghan descent who presented with shortness of breath, cough and high grade fever not responding satisfactorily to standard antibiotic therapy. Imaging revealed bilateral basilar infiltrates and ground glass opacification of the right lower lung zone. Though the inflammatory markers decreased with antibiotic therapy, there was minimal improvement in the patient's symptoms and radiological appearance of the lungs. Bronchoscopy was refused by the patient's family and a Computed Tomography guided biopsy of the lung revealed a histological diagnosis of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. Patient was initiated on high dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy followed by a maintenance dose of prednisolone at 40 mg/day. She recovered dramatically. However, due to poor compliance with treatment, she relapsed and was re-treated with the same regimen. Currently she is completely symptom free and is on a tapering corticosteroid dose. Conclusion: We conclude that AFOP may be a rare but under diagnosed entity and recommend that it should be considered in the differentials of a suspected pulmonary infection unresponsive to optimum antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Metastatic involvement of the spleen by solid tumors is a rare clinical entity; those coming from endometrial adenocarcinomas are exceptionally rare. Spleen is an uncommon site for metastatic deposits due to its specific anatomy and microenvironment. Typically, splenic metastasis from endometrial carcinomas present months to years after curative surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The most common complaint in symptomatic patients is abdominal pain localized to the left hypochondrium. Most however, are asymptomatic only to be picked up on vigilant routine ultrasonography or computerized tomography during follow up. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented to us after 50 months of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for an endometrial adenocarcinoma. She had severe abdominal pain localized to the left hypochondrium as the presenting complaint. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st case to be reported from Pakistan with 14 cases reported prior to our report. All past cases report the endometroid variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma as the primary tumor and our patient was a victim to the same variant. Case presentation A 54-year-old, nulliparous widowed woman presented with severe abdominal pain in the left hypochondrium for the last 4 months. The pain radiated to the left shoulder and was exacerbated with deep breathing. She had a history of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy done 50 months back for stage 1a endometroid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Clinical examination revealed tenderness in the left hypochondrium but no visceromeglay was appreciable. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography revealed a space-occupying lesion within the spleen with associated splenomegaly. Computed tomography further suggested a large splenic abscess however the patient did not have fever, vomiting or leukocytosis which are the hallmarks of a splenic abscess. A splenectomy was performed for her complaints. On histopathology a metastatic adenocarcinoma was identified consistent with the primary tumor. The tumor was CK7, CA-125 and epithelial membrane antigen positive (EMA). The patient was then referred for further chemotherapy. Conclusion From this case we conclude, that although very rare, the spleen is a potential site for metastasis in endometroid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Since most patients are asymptomatic, routine examinations and imaging can identify its presence and avoid complications. If the practice is employed with vigilance, we may expect the clinical event to be diagnosed more frequently. The standard treatment is a classic splenectomy followed by chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state asymmetric micro‐supercapacitor (AMSC) still remains a big challenge. Herein, a simple metal‐glycerate precursor strategy is used for the synthesis of highly uniform MnCo2O4 hollow spheres, and the all‐solid‐state AMSC is fabricated by MnCo2O4 hollow spheres. It is found that the MnCo2O4 hollow sphere electrode processes a high specific capacitance (0.80 F cm−2) at 2 mA cm−2 and an excellent cycling stability (99% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles). The as‐fabricated all‐solid‐state AMSC displays a high energy density of 0.052 mWh cm−3, a high power density of 320 mW cm−3, and a long cycling life (95.7% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles). In addition, the all‐solid‐state AMSC can be easily assembled in series to achieve a desirable output voltage, which can drive a light‐emitting diode. This work demonstrates that the MnCo2O4 hollow spheres can be a promising electrode material for a stable, high‐energy‐density micro‐supercapacitor (MSC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the study "A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension" by D. L. Bhatt and colleagues. Topics mentioned include defining resistant hypertension which is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the reason and the description of the study where the authors designed a randomized single blinded control trial, and the finding, strengths and limitations of the study.

The article discusses a study published in a 2013 issue of "PLoS Medicine" which examined the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) that increase cadiovascular risk in low-, middle- and high-income countries. The drugs were ranked according to the cardiovascular risk they pose and published essential medicines lists (EML) were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) model list of essential medicines. Diclofenac was the most popular despite its adverse health profile.

The article presents a case study of a 65-year-old chronic asthmatic female who was presented to the emergency department due to severe abdominal pain. The woman was using oral steroids intermittently for many years and an ecchymosis around the umbilicus and flanks was revealed during the abdominal examination. The patient was mange conservatively after being discovered a hematoma in the planes of the external and internal oblique muscles during the computerized tomography (CT).