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The western tree hole mosquito, Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow) (Diptera: Clucidae), is a pestiferous mosquito with a range extending over the entire pacific seaboard and into portions of the intermountain west. As a peridomestic heartworm vector, it demands at least some level of surveillance to understand its abundance. However, the species is refractory to a majority of conventional vector surveillance approaches for tracking mosquitoes. To find more options for Aedes sierrensis surveillance, a variety of oviposition attractants were evaluated in arena-style choice assays using colony reared adults. A range of infusion treatments (e.g. alfalfa, oak, and beetroot) were examined and then combined with investigations of liquid color as well as ovicup color and entryway position. These studies revealed that Ae. sierrensis have an affinity for purple coloration, plain water, and larger entryway sizes for oviposition cups. A prototype ovicup was 3D-printed using purple filament and multiple types of entryways, and used to re-test infusion waters. No particular attraction differences were detected after normalizing for purple color. Comparisons to black 3D-printed cups yielded surprising observations that male mosquitoes also aggregated on purple cups while females sheltered, but not necessarily oviposited, in black cups. Although this was only a laboratory-based assessment, these studies provide useful information for future field trials of potential oviposition traps for surveillance of Ae. sierrensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, we focus on a very curious and bibliometrically important case of a 2017 moth pheromone paper published in Cell Press' Current Biology that has already accumulated over 1600 Google Scholar-based citations within the past 4 years (i.e., since 2020) to appreciate whether all those citations are valid, i.e., within thematic scope, or whether a portion of those citations might be invalid, and which we colloquially refer to herein as "unwanted citations". Our investigation assessed Scopus-based data (1088 citations on 10 August 2023). In addition to creating a SciVal thematic profile, which indicated a wide diversity of topics of papers citing the 2017 paper, a manual screen revealed only one paper that was directly thematically relevant to the topic of insect reproductive biology. The remaining > 99% of citations, or "unwanted citations", are invalid. To reflect a valid state of scientific truthfulness, those papers should be corrected to reflect that citation abuse has taken place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I describe some of the ways in which D.W. Winnicott's notion of 'holding' might be seen as something intimates do for one another across the life cycle. Drawing on a wide selection of Winnicott's writings on the subject, I identify five characteristics of holding that many, perhaps most, Western adults take for granted in ordinary life. Holding enables us to split off catastrophe. It reduces our dependence and increases our sense of autonomy. It contains unmourned losses and sponsors transitional experience. It enables us to form psychosomatic communities with others. I then consider some of the ways in which these characteristics are thrown into jeopardy when serious physical illness arises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a reading of Hilary Mantel's memoir, Giving Up The Ghost (2003). The interest of the memoir derives from the fact that it provides an exceptionally rich picture of the impact of family life on a child's attitudes towards her own body. Mantel presents her bodily experiences as primitive, often unconscious, perceptions of the relationships within her family of origin. When she discovers new things about those relationships, she must register the change through her body in some way. Drawing on a range of concepts taken from psychoanalytic psychosomatics, I suggest that at the heart of the memoir is the author's bafflement at the repeated and uncanny irruption of a conflict between her body as a somewhat autonomous signifying entity and the psychological strength she seeks and often finds through identifications with family members. I argue that this conflict overlapped with her acceptance of a female gender identity. The sustained nature of this conflict prevented her from establishing a metric of what I will call 'psychosomatic normality', with disastrous consequences when she began to suffer the symptoms of acute endometriosis. The memoir also shows the power of early life in determining how diseases are experienced subjectively, over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olfactory projection neurons convey information from the insect antennal lobe (AL) to higher brain centers. Previous reports have demonstrated that pheromone‐responsive projection neurons with cell bodies in the moth medial cell cluster (mcPNs) predominantly have dendritic arborizations in the sexually dimorphic macroglomerular complex (MGC) and send an axon from the AL to the calyces of the mushroom body (CA) as well as the lateral horn (LH) of the protocerebrum via the medial AL tract. These neurons typically exhibit a narrow odor tuning range related to the restriction of their dendritic arbors within a single glomerulus (uniglomerular). In this study, we report on the diverse physiological and morphological properties of a group of pheromone‐responsive olfactory projection neurons with cell bodies in the AL lateral cell cluster (MGC lcPNs) of two closely related moth species. All pheromone‐responsive lcPNs appeared to exhibit "basket‐like" dendritic arborizations in two MGC compartments and made connections with various protocerebral targets including ventrolateral and superior neuropils via projections primarily through the lateral AL tract and to a lesser extent the mediolateral antennal lobe tract. Physiological characterization of MGC lcPNs also revealed a diversity of response profiles including those either enhanced by or reliant upon presentation of a pheromone blend. These responses manifested themselves as higher maximum firing rates and/or improved temporal resolution of pulsatile stimuli. MGC lcPNs therefore participate in conveying diverse olfactory information relating to qualitative and temporal facets of the pheromone stimulus to a more expansive number of protocerebral targets than their mcPN counterparts. Olfactory output neurons from the moth antennal lobe transmit pheromone information to a variety of higher brain centers along several distinct pathways. Pheromone blend‐sensitive multiglomerular neurons originating in the lateral cluster send information directly to lateral and dorsal targets where integration with other olfactory pathways and sensory modalities may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the presentation of the body in Martin Amis’s memoirExperience(2000) and compares Amis’s account of the growth of his mind and body with ideas put forward by writers in the phenomenological and psychoanalytic traditions. Using the ideas of body schema, projective identification and idea of safety, it advances a new conceptual framework for the thinking about the contribution that the body makes to selfhood in autobiography. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Behavioral responses to odors rely first upon their accurate detection by peripheral sensory organs followed by subsequent processing within the brain’s olfactory system and higher centers. These processes allow the animal to form a unified impression of the odor environment and recognize combinations of odorants as single entities. To investigate how interactions between peripheral and central olfactory pathways shape odor perception, we transplanted antennal imaginal discs between larval males of two species of moth Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa that utilize distinct pheromone blends. During metamorphic development olfactory receptor neurons originating from transplanted discs formed connections with host brain neurons within olfactory glomeruli of the adult antennal lobe. The normal antennal receptor repertoire exhibited by males of each species reflects the differences in the pheromone blends that these species employ. Behavioral assays of adult transplant males revealed high response levels to two odor blends that were dissimilar from those that attract normal males of either species. Neurophysiological analyses of peripheral receptor neurons and central olfactory neurons revealed that these behavioral responses were a result of: 1. the specificity of H. virescens donor olfactory receptor neurons for odorants unique to the donor pheromone blend and, 2. central odor recognition by the H. subflexa host brain, which typically requires peripheral receptor input across 3 distinct odor channels in order to elicit behavioral responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At low ambient temperature Helicoverpa zea male moths engage in warm-up behavior prior to taking flight in response to an attractive female pheromone blend. Male H. zea warm up at a faster rate when sensing the attractive pheromone blend compared with unattractive blends or blank controls (Crespo et al. 2012), but the mechanisms involved in this olfactory modulation of the heating rate during preflight warm-up are unknown. Here, we test three possible mechanisms for increasing heat production: 1) increased rate of muscle contraction; 2) reduction in mechanical movement by increased overlap in activation of the antagonistic flight muscles; and 3) increased activation of motor units. To test which mechanisms play a role, we simultaneously recorded electrical activation patterns of the main flight muscles (dorsolongitudinal and dorsoventral muscles), wing movement, and thoracic temperature in moths exposed to both the attractive pheromone blend and a blank control. Results indicate that the main mechanism responsible for the observed increase in thoracic heating rate with pheromone stimulation is the differential activation of motor units during each muscle contraction cycle in both antagonistic flight muscles. This additional activation lengthens the contracted state within each cycle and thus accounts for the greater heat production. Interestingly, the rate of activation (frequency of contraction cycles) of motor units, which is temperature dependent, did not vary between treatments. This result suggests that the activation rate is determined by a temperaturedependent oscillator, which is not affected by the olfactory stimulus, but activation of motor units is modulated during each cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essential part of sexual reproduction typically involves the identification of an appropriate mating partner. Males of many moth species utilize the scent of sex pheromones to track and locate conspecific females. However, before males engage in flight, warm-up by shivering of the major flight muscles is necessary to reach a thoracic temperature suitable to sustain flight. Here we show that Helicoverpa zea males exposed to an attractive pheromone blend (and in some instances to the primary pheromone component alone) started shivering earlier and took off at a lower thoracic temperature than moths subjected to other incomplete or unattractive blends. This resulted in less time spent shivering and faster heating rates. Two interesting results emerge from these experiments. First, the rate of heat generation can be modulated by different olfactory cues. Second, males detecting the pheromone blend take off at lower thoracic temperatures than males exposed to other stimuli. The take-off temperature of these males was below that for optimal power production in the flight muscles, thus generating a trade-off between rapid departure and suboptimal flight performance. Our results shed light on thermoregulatory behaviour of unrestrained moths associated with the scramble competition for access to females and suggest ecological trade-offs between rapid flight initiation and sub-optimal flight performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive isolation between sympatric, closely related species can be accomplished through a variety of pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms, including courtship-signaling behavior that involves pheromones. In the moths Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa, males display abdominal hairpencils (HP), which release volatile chemicals during courtship. In this study, we demonstrated that HP volatiles released by male H. subflexa function to improve mating success with conspecific females. Interspecific mating experiments were conducted to determine any influence of HP volatiles on species isolation. Female H. virescens and H. subflexa were observed during courtship with males of the other species, following either sham-operation or ablation of HPs, both with and without concurrent presentation of HP volatiles. Mating success was improved by co-presentation of HP extract from males of the same species during courtship. Ablation of HPs improved mating between H. subflexa females and H. virescens males. During interspecific matings, male H. virescens attempted copulation less frequently in the presence of H. virescens HP extract, though H. subflexa males were not affected by the presence of H. subflexa HP extract. This suggests that HP volatiles produced by males of each species may inhibit mating between species through effects on males ( H. virescens) and females ( H. subflexa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long distance sexual communication in moths has fascinated biologists because of the complex, precise female pheromone signals and the extreme sensitivity of males to specific pheromone molecules. Progress has been made in identifying some genesinvolved in female pheromone production and in male response. However, we have lacked information on the genetic changes involved in evolutionary diversification of these mate-finding mechanisms that is critical to understanding speciation in moths and other taxa. We used a combined quantitative trait locus (QTL) and candidate gene approach to determine the genetic architecture of sexual isolation in males of two congeneric moths, Heliothis sub flexa and Heliothis virescens. We report behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that differential male responses to three female-produced chemicals (Z9-14:Ald, Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:OAc) that maintain sexual isolation of these species are all controlled by a single QTL containing at least four odorant receptor genes. It is not surprising that pheromone receptor differences could control H. sub flexa and H. virescens responses to 29-1 6:Ald and 29-14:Ald, r,espectively. However, central rather than peripheral level control over the positive and negative responses of H. sub flexa and H. virescens to Z11-16:OAc had been expected. Tight linkage of these receptor genes indicates that mutations altering male response to complex blends could be maintained in linkage disequilibrium and could affect the speciation process. Other candidate genes such as those coding for pheromone binding proteins did not map to this QTL but there was some genetic evidence of a QTL for response to Z11-16:OH associated with a sensory neuron membrane protein gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the reception of German psychological ideas in Great Britain and the influence of physician Thomas Beddoes in their dissemination. The author compares the German tradition initiated by author Karl Philipp Moritz to the English traditions of philosopher David Hartley. Aspects of Moritz's psychology include the continuity of sanity and madness, signs of madness in early childhood behaviour, and psychical causes of nervous disorders. It is suggested that Beddoes was influenced by Moritz in his psychological theories. The author also considers Beddoe's interpretation of the dramatic works of poet William Shakespeare and their representations of insanity.

This paper describes Roger Money-Kyrle's contribution to the To-day and To-morrow series, Aspasia: the Future of Amorality. Although many contributions to the series mentioned psychoanalysis in passing, Money-Kyrle's alone attempted to describe the difference Freud's science might make to the future of human society. Money-Kyrle's overlapping connections with the Moral Sciences ambience of Cambridge in the early 1920s, British psychoanalytic anthropology and the eugenicist movement associated with UCL and the Galton Institute are presented as a prelude to the discussion of his book. Aspasia emerges as an ambitious attempt to fuse these three elements of British scientific culture in the postwar period. If, in the final analysis, it doesn't quite succeed, it is still of interest as a record of Money-Kyrle's own intellectual commitments and for what it tells us about the wider British psychoanalytic scene in the early 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an exploration into the changes in medical case history methodologies at the turn of the 19th century and their appropriation by the English author Samuel Taylor Coleridge as a paradigm for self-description in his writings. The ideals of psychological rhetoric put forth by the German doctor Karl Philipp Moritz are described in detail and their literary parallels are discussed in detail.

This article explores the Christian dimension of Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective (1986) and its relation to psychoanalytic ideas. Most critics read Potter's drama as a psychoanalytic text, with reason. But Potter himself emphasised the religious aspect of the main character's plight which he did not think could be reduced to human dimensions. The article describes the antagonism between the religious and the psychoanalytic in this work, highlighting the ways in which the former serves to undercut the authority of the latter. I then consider whether attempts by contemporary psychoanalysts to understand religious experience in a positive light might supply a basis for a non-dualistic reading of Potter's work. I conclude that while accounts of religious experience that draw upon Winnicott's notion of ‘transitional phenomena’ have a limited applicability to The Singing Detective, an important function of its religious dimension is to offer a religious critique of Freudian rationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We used single-sensillum recordings to characterize male Heliothis subflexa antennal olfactory receptor neuron physiology in response to compounds related to their sex pheromone. The recordings were then followed by cobalt staining in order to trace the neurons' axons to their glomerular destinations in the antennal lobe. Receptor neurons responding to the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, in the first type of sensillum, type-A, projected axons to the cumulus of the macroglomerular complex (MGC). In approximately 40% of the type-A sensilla, a colocalized receptor neuron was stained that projected consistently to the posterior complex 1 (PCx1), a specific glomerulus in an 8-glomerulus complex that we call the Posterior Complex (PCx). We found that receptor neurons residing in type-B sensilla and responding to a secondary pheromone component, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, send their axons to the dorsal medial glomerulus of the MGC. As in the type-A sensilla, we found a cocompartmentalized neuron within type-B sensilla that sends its axon to a different glomerulus of the PCx4. One neuron in type-C sensilla tuned to a third pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenol, and a colocalized neuron responding to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate projected their axons to the anteromedial and ventromedial glomeruli of the MGC, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan on illness narratives, and another by Brian Hurwitz on a historical survey of case writing from the Hippocratic corpus to the present day.

Pheromone-responsive olfactory interneurons were studied to determine the extent to which their physiological and morphological properties complemented the behavior and peripheral olfactory neurobiology observed in hybrid male moths created by interbreeding two species of heliothine moth, Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa. Complete recordings were made from a total of 33 neurons, and 16 projection neurons (PNs) were subsequently stained with a fluorescent dye. Stained PNs tuned to pheromonal odorants had dendritic arborizations restricted to one of four olfactory glomeruli that together constituted the macroglomerular complex (MGC). As in parental males, PNs tuned to (Z)-11-hexadecenal always had an arbor in the cumulus, the largest of the MGC glomeruli. Previous neurophysiological investigations revealed that PNs with dendritic arbors restricted to the dorso-medial glomerulus (DM) of the MGC responded specifically to either (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9–14:Ald; H. virescens males) or (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald; H. subflexa males). Hybrid males, which responded equally well in wind tunnel tests to blends containing either Z9–14:Ald or Z9–16:Ald, had DM PNs that responded to both odorants. PNs specific for a third compound, (Z)-11-hexadecenol, required by hybrid males for behavioral activity were localized to the antero-medial MGC glomerulus (AM). Thus, neuronal activity across the cumulus, DM and AM glomeruli represented an attractive blend in hybrid males. Neurons tuned to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and Z9–14:Ald were restricted to a fourth, ventro-medial glomerulus. The across-glomerular pattern of activity associated with attractive pheromone blends was most similar to that of H. subflexa males, signifying a dominant effect of H. subflexa genes. These results indicate that the behavioral phenotype of hybrid males can be linked to underlying central olfactory characteristics. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shifts in male preference for qualitatively different pheromone blends appear to have played a fundamental role in the divergence of olfactory communication and evolution of moth species. As an initial step in documenting the genetic complexity underlying such shifts, we characterized the behavioral responses of hybrid male moths created by mating two heliothine moth species, Heliothis subflexa and Heliothis virescens. Between 67 and 96% of hybrid males flew upwind and contacted the pheromone source when presented with a blend consisting of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald), and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16:OH) in a 1:0.5:0.1 ratio that has previously been shown to be attractive to H. subflexa males. In addition, an H. virescens blend of Z11–16:Ald and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9–14:Ald) enhanced by the addition of Z11–16:OH (in a 1:0.05:0.1 mixture) was attractive to hybrid males (26–64% source contact), but significantly fewer males reached the odor source compared to the blend containing Z9–16:Ald. A blend in which the dosage of Z9–14:Ald was doubled, however, was equally attractive (75–77% source contact) as the Z9–16:Ald-containing blend. Consecutive presentation of two blends revealed that individual hybrid males responded equally well to blends containing either Z9–14:Ald or Z9–16:Ald. Together these results suggest that in addition to Z11–16:Ald, hybrid males: (1) required either Z9–16:Ald (likeH. subflexamales) or Z9–14:Ald (like H. virescens males); (2) required the presence of Z11–16:OH (H. subflexa dominant); (3) were not adversely affected by the presence of Z11–16:Ac (H. subflexa dominant). The behavioral response phenotype of hybrid males was therefore influenced by genetic factors inherited from both parental species. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial odor plumes have a physical structure that results from turbulence in the fluid environment. The rapidity of insect flight maneuvers within a plume indicates that their responses are dictated by fleeting (<1 s) rather than longer (>1 s) exposures to odor imposed by physical variables that distribute odor molecules in time and space. Even though encounters with pheromone filaments are brief, male moths responding to female-produced pheromones are remarkably able to extract information relating to the biological properties of these olfactory signals. These properties include the types of molecule present and their relative abundances. Thus, peripheral and central olfactory neurons are capable of representing these biological properties of a pheromone plume within the context of a temporally irregular and unpredictable signal. The mechanisms underlying olfactory processing of these signals with respect to their biological and physical properties are discussed in the context of a behavioral framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In different moth species, the number and spatial arrangement of olfactory glomeruli in the antennal lobe (AL) vary widely, but the spatial map within a species is thought to be invariant, making it possible to identify single glomeruli across individuals. We investigated the relationship between the physiological tuning of pheromone-selective interneurons and their association with specific, identified glomeruli in the macroglomerular complex (MGC) of the noctuid moth, Heliothis subflexa. Three odorants that are required for pheromone-source location in this species were tested individually and in blends. Recordings from 27 pheromone-specific projection neurons (PNs) indicated that the majority (48%) were selectively activated by the major pheromone component of this species, Z-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), with 33% primarily tuned to Z-9-hexadecenal and 19% to Z-11-hexadecenol. Intracellular staining revealed that the dendrites of PNs tuned to Z11–16:Ald always branched within the largest glomerulus of the MGC, the cumulus. Similarly, each of the other two classes of PN was associated with a different `satellite' glomerulus in the MGC. The spatial configuration of the four-glomerulus H. subflexa MGC was indistinguishable from that previously reported in the closely related species, Heliothis virescens. Hence, as these two species diverged, changes in the association of satellite MGC glomeruli with particular odorants have occurred without a measurable change in the anatomical arrangement of the glomerular array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heliothis subflexa males were flown in a wind tunnel to a variety of combinations of synthetic pheromone components admixed on a filter paper disk. Blends containing ( Z)-11-hexadecenal ( Z11–16:Ald, 1000 ng), ( Z)-9-hexadecenal ( Z9–16:Ald, 500 ng) and ( Z)-11-hexadecenol ( Z11–16:OH, 10–500 ng) elicited upwind flight and source contact in 52–69% of males. All these compounds have previously been isolated and identified from female H. subflexa gland extracts and volatile pheromone emissions. Males were not attracted by blends in which Z9–16:Ald was omitted (0% source contact). Similarly, blends lacking Z11–16:OH were unattractive to male H. subflexa (3% or less source contact). Males were extremely sensitive to the presence of Z11–16:OH; however, responding in high numbers (57–69% source contact) to blends containing a dosage of 1% (10 ng) or greater Z11–16:OH. Males were unresponsive to blends in which Z9–16:Ald was replaced with a variety of dosages of ( Z)-9-tetradecenal, a secondary component of a closely-related congeneric species, Heliothis virescens. Another compound present in the blend emitted by conspecific females, ( Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ( Z11–16:Ac), did not inhibit H. subflexa males (69% source contact) when added to the three-component mixture (1:0.5:0.1) at a ratio of 0.1 (100 ng) with respect to Z11–16:Ald. These results indicate that Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:OH are required in addition to Z11–16:Ald to elicit significant levels of upwind flight in H. subflexa males. The effects of Z11–16:Ac are more subtle, but at the dosage tested in these experiments, this compound does not have an antagonistic effect on upwind flight and source location by H. subflexa males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the use of private finance to build National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in Great Britain. Idea that private finance initiative (PFI) brings no new capital investment into public services and is a debt which has to be serviced by future generations; Topic of a value for money assessment, costs of PFI, and risk transfer; Assertion that PFI more than doubles the cost of capital as a percentage of NHS trusts' annual operating income.

The recent general election in Britain saw healthcare as the dominant issue amongst voters. The victorious Labour Party responded to this concern with a set of reforms designed to introduce greater private-sector involvement in the delivery of healthcare. These reforms are ill-thought-out. The standard of care in British private hospitals is below that found in public hospitals, whilst new contracting arrangements are likely to increase the administration costs within the system. Faith in private-sector management techniques is misplaced at a time when the real problem facing the NHS is that of capacity. The Labour Party is also committed to redefining some aspects of healthcare as a personal responsibility and not a right, moving Britain towards a more market-based healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shows that with naturally intermittent odor stimulation, spike patterns recorded from moth antennal-lobe output neurons varied predictably with the fine-scale temporal dynamics and intensity of the odor. How this finding supports the hypothesis the olfactory circuits compensate for contextual variations in the stimulus pattern with high temporal precision; Observation that the timing of output neuron activity is constantly modulated to reflect ongoing changes in stimulus intensity and dynamics that occur on a millisecond timescale.

Deals with the behavioral mechanisms of animal navigation in odor plumes. How fluid physics affect the distribution of odor molecules in time and space; Information available in odor plumes; Odor plume dynamics.

Addition of ( Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) into a normally attractive binary blend of Heliothis virescens pheromone components resulted in a suppression of upwind flight and source location by males. Male response was reduced even at the lowest dosages of Z11-16:Ac tested but upwind flight and source location were most clearly reduced when the loading of Z11-16:Ac reached 10% or more of the ( Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) loading (the major component present in the binary blend). Similar patterns of suppression in response were noted when Z11-16:Ac was added to binary blends of pheromone components at both 10 and 100 μg loadings of Z11-16:Ald. Males in casting flight following upwind flight in a mechanically generated pulsed plume, responded to the interception of a subsequent, single binary-blend filament by making a toward-source upwind surge. Responses of males to a single filament that was tainted by a level of Z11-16:Ac that had allowed some reduced level of upwind flight and source location to occur in the previous plume experiments were diminished compared with their control counterparts. Analysis of the flight tracks revealed that the surges in response to single tainted filaments were stunted because males made fewer significant changes in course angles steered, airspeeds generated, and in the tempo of counterturns executed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cites a study which investigated the relationship between deprivation and emergency admission for cancer in south east England. Associations between social deprivation and cancer survival; Reorganization of cancer services in England and Wales. INSETS: Data on finished consultant episodes retrived from the Office...;Therapeutic and palliative surgical procedures;Key messages.

Background This paper describes the relationship between social deprivation and incidence of, and survival from, breast, lung, and colorectal cancers among residents of the South Thames regions. We analysed 23 505 cases of breast cancer, 29 903 cases of lung cancer and 21 905 cases of colorectal cancer, aged 40–99 inclusive at diagnosis and diagnosed between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1992. Methods Using the 1991 Census in conjunction with the Townsend index on social deprivation, we derived proxy indicators of deprivation based on patients' home postal codes. Cumulative relative five-year survival rates (per cent) were calculated for each cancer. We then compared our results with the relevant standardized incidence and mortality ratios by deprivation status. Results A clear trend was observed in standardized mortality rates across deprivation tenths for the three tumour sites: mortality increased with deprivation. A strong positive correlation was found between deprivation and the incidence of lung cancers (p<0.0001), but no association was found between deprivation and incidence of breast and colorectal cancers. Significantly lower five-year relative survival rates were found for breast and colorectal cancer patients in the most deprived Townsend tenths. Breast cancer patients resident in the most affluent tenth of enumeration districts had a 70 per cent relative survival ratio compared with 57 per cent in the most deprived tenth. The corresponding figures for colorectal cancer patients were 40 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively. Conclusion Survival differences by deprivation status exist in South Thames among patients suffering from breast or colorectal cancers and are not explained by differences in the incidences of these diseases. For lung cancer, incidence and mortality were positively correlated with deprivation, but no socio-economic gradient was found for survival. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reports the diagnosis of patients with angina pectoris. Recommendation of bypass surgery for the management of the disease; Allocation of funding from the Department of Health for the medical care; Failure of the general practitioner in saving life of the patient.