Search

Visual hallucinations are a common non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease and have been associated with accelerated cognitive decline, increased mortality and early institutionalization. Despite their prevalence and negative impact on patient outcomes, the repertoire of treatments aimed at addressing this troubling symptom is limited. Over the past two decades, significant contributions have been made in uncovering the pathological and functional mechanisms of visual hallucinations, bringing us closer to the development of a comprehensive neurobiological framework. Convergent evidence now suggests that degeneration within the central cholinergic system may play a significant role in the genesis and progression of visual hallucinations. Here, we outline how cholinergic dysfunction may serve as a potential unifying neurobiological substrate underlying the multifactorial and dynamic nature of visual hallucinations. Drawing upon previous theoretical models, we explore the impact that alterations in cholinergic neurotransmission has on the core cognitive processes pertinent to abnormal perceptual experiences. We conclude by highlighting that a deeper understanding of cholinergic neurobiology and individual pathophysiology may help to improve established and emerging treatment strategies for the management of visual hallucinations and psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the prevalence and predictive factors of visual manifestations in a large registry of patients with GCA. Methods ARTESER is a large Spanish multicentre registry supported by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. It includes patients with GCA from across the entire country diagnosed between June 2013 and March 2019. The variables collected at diagnosis were demographics, clinical manifestations (including all visual manifestations), laboratory, temporal artery biopsy, and imaging findings (ultrasound, FDG-PET/CT, MRI angiography, CT angiography). Patients with and without visual involvement were compared in a bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine potential predictive factors of visual manifestations. Results The study population comprised 1636 GCA patients, of whom 599 (36.6%) presented visual manifestations. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was the most frequent (n  = 274 of 599; 45.7%) ocular complication. The independent predictors that increased the risk (OR; 95% confidence interval) of visual involvement were older age (1.027; 1.009–1.045) and jaw claudication (1.724; 1.325–2.243). The variables associated with a reduced risk were polymyalgia rheumatica (0.541; 0.414–0.708), fever (0.373; 0.264–0.527), longer symptom duration (0.946; 0.909–0.985) and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (0.992; 0.988–0.997), common features of patients with large vessel GCA. Conclusion One-third of GCA patients present visual manifestations at diagnosis. Older age and jaw claudication are independent predictors of visual manifestations, whereas polymyalgia rheumatica, fever, longer symptom duration and high ESR reduce the risk of visual involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to conclude the influence of eBooks in the learning process throughout the world. The meta-analysis design taken was a group contrast between control and experimental groups with a random effect size model. The criteria used are time "data published 2018-2023," published in English, type of publication is a quantitative research article, the research design is a difference between control and experimental groups, containing complete data "mean, sample size, and standard deviation," and recorded in the Scopus database. Data collection was guided by the PRISMA method. The results of the analysis showed that the data were heterogeneous and free from publication bias. The results of the analysis showed that there was a large "positive" effect as indicated by a p-value <0.001<5% "95% confidence interval" and a total effect size=0.86 [0.61; 1.11]. It can be concluded based on the latest findings that eBooks have an equally good effect on all conditions which are influenced by the type of competency developed, the eBook information base, the type of eBook, and class size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the fundamental functions of humor is establishing the boundaries between groups. While it is very easy to trace this function in private settings, it often becomes more challenging in the online public sphere, where different groups of humor audiences overlap; there, using audience-restricting references can be counterproductive by establishing boundaries and preventing the efficient spread of jokes. Using the database on humor and conflicts in the public sphere, we look at how humor producers use both in-group specific and widely known humorous references (that we call universal) to create jokes and memes. Based on a corpus of Belarusian and Polish public humor, we outline the most common specific categories of references, analyze how the prevalence of certain categories and types of references depends on the nature of the controversies, and explore the connections between the types of references (verbal or visual) and their nature (in-group and universal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the generation of 133 images using artificial intelligence (AI) to represent Cultural Interest Festivals (FIC) of Castilla y León through the Playground AI platform. The images were created based on real photographs of the festivals. The results were evaluated through comparative surveys, focusing on two aspects: the familiarity and comfort they evoke, and their resemblance to reality. While the original photographs are more similar to reality, the images generated by Playground AI excel in better representing the festivals and are considered more appealing by the respondents. We conclude that these digital tools adapt both the symbolic and literal dimensions while preserving the essence of the original source. Furthermore, they standardize the aesthetics through artistic filters with chromatic harmony, achieving a visually more pleasant appearance that effectively highlights the representative aspects of these cultural celebrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore everyday life experiences of migration and disability from an intersectional perspective drawing on issues such as gender, class, and ethnicity. This is relevant because when focus is on either migration or disability, unique challenges faced by disabled migrants are neglected, leading to fragmented support and a lack of accurate knowledge. The analysis is based on retrospective data from photovoice sessions conducted within the context of a community-based project, Disabled Refugees Welcome (DRW). A secondary analysis has involved eight of the members from the original photovoice sessions as well as academics. The results are presented in a narrative thematic analysis. The findings show how the combined effects of liminality, structural violence (lack of accessible and adapted housing, lack of access to knowledge about societal resources), and multiple discrimination risks can result in permanent exclusion. Points of interest: Exploring the implications in everyday life about issues related to migration, gender and disability is necessary to raise awareness of assumptions and stereotypes, which can improve health and living conditions for disabled migrants. Current guidelines and laws insufficiently provide guidance and support for disabled persons who are also migrants. Education, work, housing, and healthcare are critical parts for inclusion in northern. European societies, yet too often inaccessible for disabled migrants. Experiences of disability and migration can amplify feelings of loneliness, inadequacy and isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of satellite positioning results depends on the number of available satellites in the sky. In complex environments such as urban canyons, the effectiveness of satellite positioning is often compromised. To enhance the positioning accuracy of low-cost sensors, this paper combines the visual odometer data output by Xtion with the GNSS/IMU integrated positioning data output by the satellite receiver and MEMS IMU both in the mobile phone through adaptive Kalman filtering to improve positioning accuracy. Studies conducted in different experimental scenarios have found that in unobstructed environments, the RMSE of GNSS/IMU/visual fusion positioning accuracy improves by 50.4% compared to satellite positioning and by 24.4% compared to GNSS/IMU integrated positioning. In obstructed environments, the RMSE of GNSS/IMU/visual fusion positioning accuracy improves by 57.8% compared to satellite positioning and by 36.8% compared to GNSS/IMU integrated positioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by visual hallucinations of varying complexity on a background of vision loss. CBS research has gained popularity only in recent decades, despite evidence dating back to 1760. Knowledge of CBS among both the patient and professional populations unfortunately remains poor, and little is known of its underlying pathophysiology. CBS parallels two other better-known conditions that occur as a result of sensory loss: phantom limb syndrome (PLS) (aberrant sensation of the presence of a missing limb) and tinnitus (aberrant sensation of sound). As 'phantom' conditions, CBS, PLS and tinnitus share sensory loss as a precipitating factor, and, as subjective perceptual phenomena, face similar challenges to investigations. Thus far, these conditions have been studied separately from each other. This review aims to bridge the conceptual gap between CBS, PLS and tinnitus and seek common lessons between them. It considers the current knowledge base of CBS and explores the extent to which an understanding of PLS and tinnitus could provide valuable insights into the pathology of CBS (including the roles of cortical reorganisation, emotional and cognitive factors), and towards identifying effective potential management for CBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus cereus is a common contaminating bacteria and conditioned pathogens in food. Immunological methods or molecular biology assays that are currently available cannot distinguish between live and dead bacterial cells, which may overestimate the number of bacteria and lead to false-positive results. To solve this problem, we introduced propidium monoazide (PMA) and calcein in this study and established a real-time visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection method to detect viable B. cereus. In addition, the results can be detected visually with calcein dye or quantitatively by monitoring the amplification curve of the fluorescence signal. In this study, the results showed that the visual PMA-LAMP method had high specificity, strong anti-interference ability, a sensitivity of 1.16 × 102 CFU/mL, and that the whole reaction could be completed within 80 min. This method not only has high sensitivity, but also has a shorter reaction time and is faster. In the detection of artificially contaminated food samples, the lowest detection limit reached 6 CFU/mL after 3 or 4 h of enrichment. Therefore, the visual PMA-LAMP technology can provide an efficient and rapid method for the detection of live B. cereus bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual content is everywhere—whether in advertisements, social media, art or educational materials— images shape how we communicate, learn and interpret the world. The skill of understanding and interpreting these visuals, known as visual literacy, is crucial for navigating modern society and will only become more important in the future. Despite its significance, visual literacy remains underrepresented in education, largely because art education has been side-lined for other core subjects, such as English and maths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy: IJLA is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Animals use an array of visual cues to gauge distance, and their underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Zebrafish larvae execute different hunting behaviors depending on distance to the prey, providing a simple model system in which to study this process. To identify distance cues, we presented equivalent prey stimuli at increasing distance and recorded hunting behaviors. We found that the initial convergence angle was lower for more distant prey, suggesting that they are able to gauge distance to the prey via monocular cues. We investigated blur as a possible monocular cue, and found that by artificially blurring the stimulus, we were able to reduce initial convergence and strike probability. This implicates blur as a distance cue in zebrafish prey capture, adds to our knowledge of how larvae are able to visually target and accurately capture prey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of Occult Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), a rare variant of GCA that primarily affects the eyes. The patient, an 82-year-old Scandinavian woman, presented with visual disturbances and was initially diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION). However, further evaluation revealed bilateral optic disc swelling and halo-signs in the temporal arteries, confirming the diagnosis of GCA. Treatment with corticosteroids led to stabilization of the patient's vision. The article emphasizes the importance of ultrasound examinations in detecting Occult GCA, especially in asymptomatic patients or those at risk due to age or demographic factors. [Extracted from the article]

This article interrogates how TikTok has become a voice of authority in the self-diagnosis of ADHD and builds on theories of social, cultural, and algorithmic authority, to offer a theoretical framework of "techno-cultural authority". Through a digital ethnography and analysis of ADHD TikToks and the technological infrastructures and assemblages surrounding the TikTok app, I demonstrate how ADHD TikTok content creators adopt visual and discursive norms from other trending TikTok content and traditional visual media content to generate authority, and to ensure their videos are deemed viewable and relevant by viewers and the algorithm. Contrary to traditional understandings of medical authority, I find that authority on TikTok is not produced by individuals or institutions, but rather by content creators who engage, en masse, with the supporting technologies of the TikTok app to reproduce familiar trends and visual norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding a reliable and objective measure of individual differences in mental imagery across sensory modalities is difficult, with measures relying on self-report scales or focusing on one modality alone. Based on the idea that mental imagery involves multimodal sensorimotor simulations, a mental comparison task (MCT) was developed across three studies and tested on adults (n = 96, 345, and 448). Analyses examined: (a) the internal consistency of the MCT, (b) whether lexical features of the MCT stimuli (word length and frequency) predicted performance, (c) whether the MCT related to two widely used self-report scales, (d) response latencies and accuracies across the visual, auditory, and tactile modalities, and (e) whether MCT performance was independent of processing speed. The MCT showed evidence of reliability and validity. Responses were fastest and most accurate for the visual modality, followed by the auditory and tactile. However, consistent with the idea that self-report questionnaires index a different aspect of mental imagery, the MCT showed minimal correlations with self-report imagery. Finally, relations between MCT scales remained strong after controlling for processing speed. Findings are discussed in relation to current understanding and measurement of mental imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual aids have been validated as effective tools for educating patients in a variety of medical settings. However, research exploring the efficacy and potential benefit of genetic counseling visual aids is lacking. To begin to address this gap, this study assessed participant knowledge of genetic counseling concepts after viewing either visual or non‐visual educational content. Participants were recruited from the general population using the crowdsourcing platform Mechanical Turk. Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were carried out to evaluate differences in knowledge survey scores between the visual and non‐visual groups, and Poisson regression models were fitted to evaluate these differences across a variety of demographic backgrounds. The visual group had equal or higher scores than the non‐visual group across all analyses. The difference in group scores was statistically significant for autosomal recessive inheritance knowledge scores (p < 0.05). In addition, this difference was approaching significance for higher‐level knowledge scores (p = 0.05) and total knowledge scores in individuals who have not completed post‐secondary education (p = 0.05). These results indicate that visual aids improve knowledge of specific genetic counseling concepts such as inheritance patterns; the education of which is often integral to genetic counseling. These results also indicate that visual aids may facilitate a deeper understanding of genetic counseling concepts and may be particularly valuable for individuals with lower educational backgrounds. Together, the results of this study support the inclusion of visual aids in genetic counseling education to help improve patient understanding and the accessibility of genetic healthcare information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of OPUS Journal of Society Research is the property of OPUS - International Journal of Society Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obtaining informed consent can be challenging during peer research when the boundaries between researcher and participant are blurred. We developed a novel visual consent method with illiterate artists in Nepal who conducted peer interviews in their communities. Artists discussed and sketched images related to ethical principles to create a visual consent form. This improved comprehension about research ethics and developed the confidence of artists to conduct peer-interviews, but we found that artists memorised the form; they did not engage participants in looking at the pictures with them; and they did not use the pictures that they disagreed with. In future research, the visuals should be developed in consultation with participants and be used to explain the study to participants. The tool development process can be used to establish a joint understanding about the research, its harms, and benefits, and to develop relational and iterative consent processes in participatory action research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the increasing use of drones for both commercial and recreational purposes has led to heightened concerns regarding airspace safety. To address these issues, machine learning (ML) based drone detection and classification have emerged. This study explores the potential of ML-based drone classification, utilizing technologies like radar, visual, acoustic, and radiofrequency sensing systems. It undertakes a comprehensive examination of the existing literature in this domain, with a focus on various sensing modalities and their respective technological implementations. The study indicates that MLbased drone classification is promising, with numerous successful individual contributions. It is crucial to note, however, that much of the research in this field is experimental, making it difficult to compare results from various articles. There is also a noteworthy lack of reference datasets to help in the evaluation of different solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is usually calculated through a neurological examination with self-reported performance. This may lead to incorrect assessment of Functional System scores (FSs). Aim of our study was to estimate the difference between EDSS obtained during routine visits, or after specific tests. Methods: We enrolled 670 MS patients that underwent a regular neurology consultation, and visual evaluation using optotype tables, ambulation evaluation with a rodometer, and cognitive assessment with the Brief International Cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS). We calculated a new integrated EDSS (iEDSS) using the refined values of the FS and compared it to the standard EDSS. Results: Visual, cerebral and ambulation FSs were significantly higher compared with the self-reported counterpart [+ 1.169 (95%CI 1.077, 1.262; p < 0.001), + 0.727 (95%CI 0.653, 0.801; p < 0.001) and + 0.822 (95%CI 0.705, 0.939; p < 0.001), respectively]. Mean iEDSS was higher than EDSS (+ 0.642; p < 0.001). Visual acuity tests worsened the EDSS in 31% of cases, cognitive tests in 10%, ambulation measurement in 35%, all three measurements in 59% of cases. Conclusions: Objective measurement of FSs results in a more accurate EDSS score in almost two-thirds of cases. This could lead to a more thorough evaluation of patients in the transition or progressive phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual hallucinations can increase the burden of disease for both patients with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers. Multiple neurotransmitters have been implicated in the neuropathology of visual hallucinations, which provide targets for treatment and prevention. In this study, we assessed the association between cholinergic denervation and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease in vivo , using PET imaging of the cholinergic system. A total of 38 patients with Parkinson's disease participated in this study. A group of 10 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex and education, was included for comparison. None of the participants used cholinergic drugs. Thirteen patients who had experienced visual hallucinations in the past month (VH+) were compared with 20 patients who had never experienced visual hallucinations in their lives (VH−). Cholinergic system integrity was assessed with PET imaging using 18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol as the tracer. We assessed the differences in tracer uptake between groups by cluster-based analysis and by analysis of predefined regions of interest consisting of the ventral visual stream, the dorsal attentional network, the ventral attentional network and the lateral geniculate nucleus and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The Parkinson's disease group (n = 38) showed an extensive pattern of decreased tracer uptake throughout the brain compared with the controls (n = 10). Within the Parkinson's disease group, the VH+ group (n = 13) showed a cluster of decreased tracer uptake compared with the VH− group (n = 20), which covered most of the left ventral visual stream and extended towards superior temporal areas. These results were mirrored in the regions of interest-based analysis, in which the VH+ group showed the strongest deficits in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus compared with the VH− group. Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are associated with a marked cholinergic deficiency in the left ventral visual stream and the left superior temporal lobe, in addition to an extensive global cholinergic denervation in the general Parkinson's disease population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in audiovisual creation is redefining the boundaries between human creativity and technological potential. Its use is widespread in social networks. This research will review the technical background and aims to analyse the application of AI in the different stages of visual production. It will study whether communication professionals can take advantage of their knowledge to get more out of these tools. The conclusions determine that AI is involved in the emergence of new forms of artistic and communicative expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing presence of everyday visual materials, such as social media images and videos, raises new questions around the ways in which identities are made visible in contemporary contexts. 'Visually informed' critical discursive psychology can be productively leveraged to analyze the diverse intersections of visuality and gender in daily life. To guide future inquiries in this domain, a brief overview of discourse analysis, discursive psychology, and (visually informed) critical discursive psychology is provided. Applying this methodology to the study of gender, an explicit conceptualization of visual gender displays is detailed alongside complementary analytic objectives suitable for future inquiries. Lastly, three categories of visual features are outlined that could be attended to during close examinations of visual data, using extracts from a previous study to illustrate key points. To that end, scholars can visually investigate 'micro' level gender displays as they relate to 'macro' systems of inequality- grounded in a critical discursive psychology framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a physiological stress response to the visual and auditory characteristics of waterscapes. Background: Biophilic research suggests that the presence of water can reduce stress, reduce blood pressure, and increase circulation. However, water has largely been omitted from healthcare design due to concerns of cost, maintenance, waterborne pathogens, and contamination. Existing research has not yet provided a design methodology to incorporate the healing effects of water without the potential diseases, contamination, and maintenance issues associated with physical water. Given the current technological capabilities, the isolation of the auditory and visual sensory stimuli has potential to re-introduce the healing benefits of water into healthcare design. Methods: Participants were either exposed to a slow-moving or fast-moving waterscape for 20 minutes. Pre- and post-anxiety were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Scale in an online Qualtrics survey (118 participants) and through a salivary cortisol biomarker (in which 26 participants also partook). Results: The overall results demonstrate that the utilization of digital blue space was effective in reducing stress. There was no significant difference between the lake or waterfall environment in both salivary cortisol and state-trait anxiety measures. However, it is suggested that the slow and fast-moving waterscapes may be beneficial in different settings. Conclusion: Design recommendations are made regarding potential biophilic design in healthcare facilities. The utilization of sensory waterscapes can also provide a cost affordable, non-pharmacological, alternative for anxiety mitigation for patients and staff undergoing high-stress situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), the largest antelope is causing significant crop losses in Punjab, India and farmers are continuously struggling to get rid of this menace. During present study, various mitigation tactics like physical barriers (such as barbed wire fencing, chain-linked fencing, electric fencing, and nylon net), mechanical and visual deterrent (such as bioacoustic and LED bulb, reflective ribbon) and repellents (such as phenyl, neelbo, and repellent based formulation i.e., RBF) were evaluated in different crops against the blue bull. Among physical barriers, chain-linked fencing, electric fencing, and nylon net, each at a height of ≥ 7 feet, had given promising results by providing complete protection for ≥ 2 year with a single application cost. Whereas barbed wire fencing and electric fencing at a height of 4–5 feet were not very effective against these animals, as they easily crossed fencings at lower height. All these physical barriers were not cost effective except in maize crop, which is the most preferred crop by blue bull. Bioacoustic device and reflective ribbon successfully reduced animal visits or percent damage and provided short term relief; however, after some time, animals developed habituation against these methods. Among chemical repellents, RBF significantly reduced the percent crop damage, was cost effective and remained operative for 21–69 days, while phenyl and neelbo exhibited effectiveness for only 7–14 days. Thus, this study suggests that while comprehensive damage prevention by physical barriers might be difficult or unaffordable for farmers, the use of repellent based formulation at vulnerable stages of crops can prevent damage for longer durations. Implementing a diverse set of management devices at the appropriate times can form an economically viable strategy to maintain blue bull damage within acceptable limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ability to judge the temporal alignment of visual and auditory information is a prerequisite for multisensory integration and segregation. However, each temporal measurement is subject to error. Thus, when judging whether a visual and auditory stimulus were presented simultaneously, observers must rely on a subjective decision boundary to distinguish between measurement error and truly misaligned audiovisual signals. Here, we tested whether these decision boundaries are relaxed with increasing temporal sensory uncertainty, i.e., whether participants make the same type of adjustment an ideal observer would make. Participants judged the simultaneity of audiovisual stimulus pairs with varying temporal offset, while being immersed in different virtual environments. To obtain estimates of participants' temporal sensory uncertainty and simultaneity criteria in each environment, an independent-channels model was fitted to their simultaneity judgments. In two experiments, participants' simultaneity decision boundaries were predicted by their temporal uncertainty, which varied unsystematically with the environment. Hence, observers used a flexibly updated estimate of their own audiovisual temporal uncertainty to establish subjective criteria of simultaneity. This finding implies that, under typical circumstances, audiovisual simultaneity windows reflect an observer's cross-modal temporal uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) is a significant pathogen in the pig industry, with eight genotypes, including PPV7, identified since its emergence in 2016. Co-infections with viruses such as Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) pose serious risks to swine health. Thus, there is an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection methods suitable for use in field settings or laboratories with limited resources. Methods: We developed a CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the rapid detection of PPV7. Specific RPA primers and five CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) were designed to target a highly conserved region within the NS1 gene of PPV7. Optimization of crRNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) concentrations was performed to enhance the assay's performance. Results: CrRNA optimization identified crRNA-05 as the optimal candidate for Cas12a-based detection of PPV7, as all synthesized crRNAs demonstrated similar performance. The optimal crRNA concentration was determined to be 200 nM, yielding consistent results across tested concentrations. For ssDNA optimization, the strongest fluorescence signal was achieved with 500 nM of the FAM-BHQ ssDNA receptor. The assay showed a minimal detection limit of 100copies/μl for PPV7, confirmed through fluorescence and lateral flow detection methods. Specificity testing indicated that only PPV7 DNA samples returned positive results, confirming the assay's accuracy. In tests of 50 lung tissue samples from diseased pigs, the RPA-Cas12a assay identified 29 positive samples (58%), surpassing the 22 positive samples (44%) detected by conventional PCR. This highlights the RPA-Cas12a method's enhanced detection capability and its potential utility in clinical surveillance and management of PPV7 in swine populations. Discussion: The RPA-Cas12a assay effectively detects PPV7 in clinical samples, enhancing disease surveillance and control in pigs. Its adaptability to resourcelimited settings significantly improves PPV7 management and prevention strategies, thereby supporting the overall health and development of the pig industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptin is a hormone produced by the small intestines and adipose tissue that promotes feelings of satiety. Leptin receptors (LepRs) are highly expressed in the hypothalamus, enabling central neural control of hunger. Interestingly, LepRs are also expressed in several other regions of the body and brain, notably in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These brain regions mediate higher-order sensory, motor, cognitive, and memory functions, which can be profoundly altered during periods of hunger and satiety. However, LepR expression in these regions has not been fully characterized on a cell-type-specific basis, which is necessary to begin assessing their potential functional impact. Consequently, we examined LepR expression on neurons and glia in the forebrain using a LepR-Cre transgenic mouse model. LepR-positive cells were identified using a 'floxed' viral cell-filling approach and co-labeling immunohistochemically for cell-type-specific markers, i.e., NeuN, VGlut2, GAD67, parvalbumin, somatostatin, 5-HT3R, WFA, S100β, and GFAP. In the cortex, LepR-positive cells were localized to lower layers (primarily layer 6) and exhibited non-pyramidal cellular morphologies. The majority of cortical LepR-positive cells were neurons, while the remainder were identified primarily as astrocytes or other glial cells. The majority of cortical LepR-positive neurons co-expressed parvalbumin, while none expressed somatostatin or 5-HT3R. In contrast, all hippocampal LepR-positive cells were neuronal, with none co-expressing GFAP. These data suggest that leptin can potentially influence neural processing in forebrain regions associated with sensation and limbic-related functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With their increasing popularity, there is a need for more research clarifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of the comic format for education. The panelled comic format may be particularly effective for educating adults on the scientific aspects of processes (sequences of events, occurring over time, in a series of discrete steps). We tested change in performance in adults (n = 879) in correctly ordering the stages in four processes before and after being exposed to educational material about these processes. The material was presented in a random selection of one of seven experimentally manipulated formats based on characteristics of comic books. Overall, participant performance improved after seeing the educational material. There were significant differences in learning between the processes, suggesting that the benefits, or detriments, of the comic format may be subject-specific. Performance was significantly better when images were subdivided into panels, and worse when an explanatory agent (character) was included, though these differences in performance did not survive adjustment for multiple comparisons. This study presents some evidence that the panelled nature of the comic format supports learning about scientific processes in adults. Given results differed notably between the specific topics to be learned, there is substantial scope for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia is key to the inhibitory control of movement. Consequently, it is a primary target for the neurosurgical treatment of movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, where modulating the STN via deep brain stimulation (DBS) can release excess inhibition of thalamocortical motor circuits. However, the STN is also anatomically connected to other thalamocortical circuits, including those underlying cognitive processes like attention. Notably, STN-DBS can also affect these processes. This suggests that the STN may also contribute to the inhibition of non-motor activity and that STN-DBS may cause changes to this inhibition. Here we tested this hypothesis in humans. We used a novel, wireless outpatient method to record intracranial local field potentials (LFP) from STN DBS implants during a visual attention task (Experiment 1, n = 12). These outpatient measurements allowed the simultaneous recording of high-density EEG, which we used to derive the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), a well established neural index of visual attentional engagement. By relating STN activity to this neural marker of attention (instead of overt behaviour), we avoided possible confounds resulting from STN's motor role. We aimed to test whether the STN contributes to the momentary inhibition of the SSVEP caused by unexpected, distracting sounds. Furthermore, we causally tested this association in a second experiment, where we modulated STN via DBS across two sessions of the task, spaced at least 1 week apart (n = 21, no sample overlap with Experiment 1). The LFP recordings in Experiment 1 showed that reductions of the SSVEP after distracting sounds were preceded by sound-related γ-frequency (>60 Hz) activity in the STN. Trial-to-trial modelling further showed that this STN activity statistically mediated the sounds' suppressive effect on the SSVEP. In Experiment 2, modulating STN activity via DBS significantly reduced these sound-related SSVEP reductions. This provides causal evidence for the role of the STN in the surprise-related inhibition of attention. These findings suggest that the human STN contributes to the inhibition of attention, a non-motor process. This supports a domain-general view of the inhibitory role of the STN. Furthermore, these findings also suggest a potential mechanism underlying some of the known cognitive side effects of STN-DBS treatment, especially on attentional processes. Finally, our newly established outpatient LFP recording technique facilitates the testing of the role of subcortical nuclei in complex cognitive tasks, alongside recordings from the rest of the brain, and in much shorter time than peri-surgical recordings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Māori visual language documents Māori law. Māori law lives in whakairo Māori | Māori art. Māori have many sources of law and use aural forms such as whaikōrero | oration, pūrākau | stories, and mōteatea | traditional chants to communicate the Māori legal tradition. Māori legal communication also uses visual forms, separate from the written word. Those visual forms are primarily whakairo | carving, tā moko | tattooing and rāranga | weaving. This article argues that tikanga Māori law is visually documented and discusses the visual law in two of those forms, whakairo and tā moko. This argument is based on a two-stage research process. First, I reviewed the work of Indigenous jurists and their analyses of Indigenous law and its instruments. I then took an interdisciplinary approach using the theories of visual literacy, encoded objects, and visual jurisprudence to consider how Indigenous law is documented in a visual language. I offer both Māori and international examples of the visual language of Indigenous law. Those examples include tā moko | tattooing, tapae toto | blood gift, and pou whenua | land marker posts from the Māori legal tradition, the wampum belts from First Nations peoples of Canada and the art of the Yolgnu people of Arnham Land. This analysis is important because Indigenous law is often assumed to be primarily a performative or oral law rather than documented in a visual language. Frame and Meredith describe the risk associated with that assumption in their article 'Performance and Māori Customary Legal Process' (2005, 138). My argument expands on their analysis because having identified the risk of Indigenous law being classed as primitive because it is oral not written, they still focus on how Māori legal information is performed rather than visually documented. While Frame and Meredith argue strongly that performed law is no less authoritative than visually documented law, they do not demonstrate how tikanga Māori law is visually documented. This article attempts to do just that. Legal scholars from other similar jurisdictions have discussed how Indigenous people's legal traditions are recorded in a visual language (Anktar 2016; Cunneen 2017; Morphy 1999). Indigenous peoples describe how their visual documentation demonstrates the unique perspectives of what is valued by their culture; how its members understand the connections between the material, social and spiritual worlds; and therefore how their world view is structured and represented in their law. Any analysis that assumes an absence of visual documentation in te ao Māori risks simplifying the complexity of the Māori legal tradition and therefore its legitimacy and applicability in contemporary legal discourse. The Māori legal tradition is premised on the maintenance and enhancement of whanaungatanga, the fundamental legal principle behind tikanga Māori law. In communicating tikanga Māori law, the Māori legal tradition utilises performative and documented law, as do other Indigenous legal traditions and legal systems. When a person understands tikanga Māori, whakairo Māori and Māori law, it is possible to read that law in tā moko, tapae toto, pou whenua, and other objects. This same approach can be used to understand and read Indigenous law from other jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is concerned with the learning style of primary learners in San Manuel, District, Pangasinan Division II for SY 2023 – 2024. The study surveyed learning styles of primary learners. Primary learners preferred visual learning styles, with a smaller percentage preferring logical learning. The study found no significant difference in learning styles on academic performance across various variables. A moderate positive correlation was found between age and learning styles, but weak negative correlations were found between sex, civil status, and educational attainment. Understanding and catering to learning styles might be more crucial for students in certain divisions and national backgrounds. Visual learners can significantly improve their academic performance by incorporating visual elements into lessons. Teachers can help them grasp complex concepts, improve memory retention, and increase engagement with the material. Recognizing and accommodating the needs of visual learners is crucial for creating effective and engaging learning environments. This report emphasizes the importance of catering to diverse learning styles to promote a more inclusive and effective learning environment for all primary learners. It is also recommended that support teachers' to professional development through workshops, seminars, and conferences, and offer scholarships, grants, or financial assistance for advanced degrees or specialized training. Incorporate visual aids and techniques like mind-mapping in education, especially for subjects where visual learning is effective. Focus on diverse teaching methods to create a more engaging and productive learning environment for all students. The Visual (Spatial) Learning Style is recommended for public school teachers to improve academic performance. Further research may explore the impact of learners' learning styles on their academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that during the typical resting‐state, echo planar imaging (EPI) time series obtained from the eye orbit area correlate with brain regions associated with oculomotor control and lower‐level visual cortex. Here, we asked whether congenitally blind (CB) shows similar patterns, suggesting a hard‐wired constraint on connectivity. We find that orbital EPI signals in CB do correlate with activity in the motor cortex, but less so with activity in the visual cortex. However, the temporal patterns of this eye movement‐related signal differed strongly between CB and sighted controls. Furthermore, in CB, a few participants showed uncoordinated orbital EPI signals between the two eyes, each correlated with activity in different brain networks. Our findings suggest a retained circuitry between motor cortex and eye movements in blind, but also a moderate reorganization due to the absence of visual input, and the inability of CB to control their eye movements or sense their positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research on the relationship between the taste, aroma and drinking utensils of beverages tends to focus on topics such as alcohol, sparkling beverages, juice, coffee, and hot chocolate. There is limited research focused on the interdependence between the perception of teacups and the tea taste. The literature has not yet found any research covering the impact of visual shape and the tactile sensation of teacups on the perception of tea flavor. Therefore, this study proposed six hypotheses related to the teacup shape and texture, teacup preference and taste and smell of tea. This study involved experimental design and questionnaire data collection, using a convenience sampling method to recruit 102 participants voluntarily. The research results are: (1) Age and gender have an impact on the taste and aroma perception of tea; (2) The width, height, rim thickness and smoothness of the teacup surface do have an impact on the perception of taste and fragrance of tea. (3) The preference of teacup played an intermediary effect between tea taste and the shape and texture of teacup. The implications of these findings on the perception of tea flavor are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insects, despite possessing relatively small brains, exhibit noteworthy adaptive behaviors, making them intriguing subjects for understanding learning mechanisms. This study explores the learning capabilities of dragonfly larvae (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) in conditioning experiments, shedding light on the cognitive processes that underpin their remarkable abilities. As apex predators, dragonflies play a crucial role in ecosystems, necessitating a diverse range of learning behaviors for survival and reproductive success. We addressed whether dragonfly larvae can differentiate between different colored stimuli and associate color with prey. Our experimental design demonstrated that dragonfly larvae are able to recognize conditioning stimuli. The findings contribute valuable insights into the cognitive abilities of dragonflies, suggesting that these insects can learn and discriminate colors of stimuli. Overall, this research broadens our understanding of insect learning and cognition, contributing to the broader field of animal behavior and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to Compare Visual Outcomes and Complications of Sutured Versus Sutureless Glueless Scleral Fixated Intraocular Lens in Management of Aphakia. Patient with coexisting ocular morbidities like Glaucoma, Diabetic retinopathy, Cystoid macular edema, Retinal Detachment, Optic Atrophy, Macular hole and patients not ready for follow up were excluded. Results: The comparison of the two surgical techniques shows that the sutureless SFIOL method generally had fewer complications, particularly in the early postoperative period. However, some complications like IOL dislocation were equally observed in both methods. Overall, the sutureless technique appears to offer a safer profile with a higher percentage of patients experiencing no complications at all. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sutureless glueless SF-IOL offers several advantages over traditional sutured methods, including reduced operative time, fewer suturerelated complications, and faster visual recovery. Both techniques significantly improve visual acuity, with sutureless methods showing faster and potentially better outcomes. These findings provide valuable insights for ophthalmic surgeons in selecting the most effective treatment for aphakic patients. Further research and refinement of these techniques will continue to enhance patient outcomes and advance the field of ophthalmic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reacting and responding to an external stimulus is an important component of human performance, and they inform us about a participant's neurophysiological capabilities. Our purpose in this study was to determine whether reaction times (REACT), response times (RT), and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance differ when responding to an auditory (AUD) versus visual (VIS) stimulus. Participants were 17 college-aged volunteers (6 females and 11 males; M age = 23.0, SD = 3.4 years; M height = 174.57, SD = 10.37 cm; M body mass = 73.37, SD = 13.48 kg). Participants performed CMJs on force plates immediately upon receiving an AUD or a VIS stimulus. The AUD stimulus was a beep noise, while the VIS stimulus was a light on a screen in front of the participants. We determined REACT for the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (GM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles to be the amount of time between stimulus onset and the initiation of the muscle's electromyographic (EMG) signal. We determined RT to be the amount of time between stimulus onset and the beginning of the participant's force production. We assessed CMJ performance via ground reaction forces during the unweighting, braking, and propulsive phases of the jump. We quantified EMG amplitude and frequency during each CMJ phase. We found RT to be faster to the AUD versus the VIS stimulus (p =.007). VL and BF muscles had faster REACT than TA and GM muscles (p ≤.007). The AUD stimulus was associated with faster CMJ unweighting phase metrics (p ≤.005). Thus, individuals may react and respond faster to an AUD versus VIS stimulus, with limited improvements in their subsequent physical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research determines the student's learning strategies based on their learning styles. This research applied qualitative study. The subject of this research is the students of English literature class A in Universitas Negeri Makassar, who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Thirty-five students were chosen as the subjects of this study. The data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews and then analyzed based on producers of data analysis identification, classification, and descriptive analysis. The result showed that i) there are some learning styles that students have, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles; and ii) students' learning strategies based on their learning style where subjects engaged in several learning activities or methodologies. Two types of learning techniques were primarily considered: individual and group strategies. The individual strategies were marked by all of the activities the subjects had done, and the group strategies described the learning actions employed by the subjects to comprehend the knowledge or the lesson by engaging friends who could help them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During neurogenesis, growing axons must navigate through the complex extracellular environment and make correct synaptic connections for the proper functioning of neural circuits. The mechanisms underlying the formation of functional neural networks are still only partially understood. Results: Here we analyzed the role of a novel gene si:ch73‐364h19.1/drish in the neural and vascular development of zebrafish embryos. We show that drish mRNA is expressed broadly and dynamically in multiple cell types including neural, glial, retinal progenitor and vascular endothelial cells throughout the early stages of embryonic development. To study Drish function during embryogenesis, we generated drish genetic mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. drish loss‐of‐function mutant larvae displayed defects in early retinal ganglion cell, optic nerve and the retinal inner nuclear layer formation, as well as ectopic motor axon branching. In addition, drish mutant adults exhibited deficient retinal outer nuclear layer and showed defective light response and locomotory behavior. However, vascular patterning and blood circulation were not significantly affected. Conclusions: Together, these data demonstrate important roles of zebrafish drish in the retinal ganglion cell, optic nerve and interneuron development and in spinal motor axon branching. Key Findings: si:ch73‐364h19.1 / drish gene encodes a putative transmembrane protein, which is expressed in neural, glial and vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos.Drish zebrafish mutants show defects in retinal ganglion cell differentiation.Drish mutants exhibit defective branching of motor axons.Drish mutant larvae and adults display reduced swimming activity, a defective light response and deficient prey capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhetorical science, as one of the three branches of eloquence studies, has long been recognized as an independent field. Given that the nature of literature is inherently creative and generates new techniques and ornaments alongside the poet’s art and creativity, it can be argued that in many cases, rhetorical science (the study of poetic virtues) has lagged behind. The teaching and learning of this field can also sometimes be problematic. Identifying its weaknesses and striving to address them is an unavoidable necessity. This article, using an analytical-descriptive method, addresses one of the shortcomings of this science: the incorrect classification of rhetoric into verbal and semantic, which has become an inseparable part of this field for centuries. It seems that contrary to the opinion of the vast majority of authors of rhetorical books, the definition and differentiation between these two categories are neither logical nor scientific. Consequently, in some cases, it is difficult to correctly determine whether a particular ornament or technique belongs to verbal or semantic rhetoric based on this classification. Because sometimes we encounter industries in which both words and meaning play a role at the same time, and sometimes devices have been mentioned which their rhetorical value does not depend on the rhythm of words and meaning, but rather on its eye-catching appearance, more than anything else, has caused literary and artistic enjoyment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual systems have evolved to discriminate between different wavelengths of light. The ability to perceive color, or specific light wavelengths, is important as color conveys crucial information about both biotic and abiotic features in the environment. Indeed, different wavelengths of light can drive distinct patterns of activity in the vertebrate brain, yet what remains incompletely understood is whether distinct wavelengths can invoke etiologically relevant behavioral changes. To address how specific wavelengths in the visible spectrum modulate behavioral performance, we use larval zebrafish and a stereotypic light-search behavior. Prior work has shown that the cessation of light triggers a transitional light-search behavior, which we use to interrogate wavelength-dependent behavioral modulation. Using 8 narrow spectrum light sources in the visible range, we demonstrate that all wavelengths induce motor parameters consistent with search behavior, yet the magnitude of search behavior is spectrum sensitive and the underlying motor parameters are modulated in distinct patterns across short, medium, and long wavelengths. However, our data also establishes that not all motor features of search are impacted by wavelength. To define how wavelength modulates search performance, we performed additional assays with alternative wavelengths, dual wavelengths, and variable intensity. Last, we also tested blind larvae to resolve which components of wavelength dependent behavioral changes potentially include signaling from non-retinal photoreception. These findings have important implications as organisms can be exposed to varying wavelengths in laboratory and natural settings and therefore impose unique behavioral outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarnath Banerjee's graphic novel, "Corridor," explores the interplay between collective memory and its defining characteristics within the pages of the novel. The author of this book employs a unique visual narrative to explore the involutions of collective consciousness that characterize a society in transition against the backdrop of postcolonial India, a country in transition in terms of cultural shifts, and historical echoes. An analysis has been conducted into how Banerjee efficaciously portrays and engages with the collective memories of the depicted people by utilizing visual elements, character dynamics, and storytelling techniques that they employ throughout the piece. The article examines how the story of the "Corridor" intersects with historical events, assembling personal narratives with broader historical contexts in a manner that draws upon critical reception and scholarly interpretations. A key objective of this article is to offer a nuanced perspective on the postcolonial experience in India through examining the characters as carriers of memory and visual storytelling as a way to recollect. It seeks to explore Banerjee's work to gain a deeper understanding of how it navigates the intricate terrain of collective memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semantic knowledge stored in our brains can be accessed from different stimulus modalities. For example, a picture of a cat and the word "cat" both engage similar conceptual representations. While existing research has found evidence for modality-independent representations, their content remains unknown. Modality-independent representations could be semantic, or they might also contain perceptual features. We developed a novel approach combining word/picture cross-condition decoding with neural network classifiers that learned latent modality-independent representations from MEG data (25 human participants, 15 females, 10 males). We then compared these representations to models representing semantic, sensory, and orthographic features. Results show that modality-independent representations correlate both with semantic and visual representations. There was no evidence that these results were due to picture-specific visual features or orthographic features automatically activated by the stimuli presented in the experiment. These findings support the notion that modality-independent concepts contain both perceptual and semantic representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Merleau-Ponty, starting from perception, reaches the visual through the work of Cézanne. The article applies the phenomenologist's essay to demonstrate how unfounded Cézanne's doubt was about his creative potential and the general change in art caused by him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of production systems has revolutionized industrial monitoring. Analyzing real-time bottom-up data enables the dynamic monitoring of industrial processes. Data are collected in various types, like video frames and time signals. This article focuses on leveraging images from a vision system to monitor the manufacturing process on a computer numerical control (CNC) lathe machine. We propose a method for designing and integrating these video modules on the edge of a production line. This approach detects the presence of raw parts, measures process parameters, assesses tool status, and checks roughness in real time using image processing techniques. The efficiency is evaluated by checking the deployment, the accuracy, the responsiveness, and the limitations. Finally, a perspective is offered to use the metadata off the edge in a more complex artificial-intelligence (AI) method for predictive maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]