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Introduction: The Kazakh horse, renowned for its excellence as a breed, exhibits distinctive reproductive traits characterized by early maturity and seasonal estrus. While normal reproductive function is crucial for ensuring the breeding and expansion of the Kazakh horse population, a noteworthy decline in reproductive capabilities is observed after reaching 14 years of age. Methods: In this study, ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) were meticulously collected from Kazakh horses aged 1, 2, 7, and above 15 years old (excluding 15 years old) for whole transcriptome sequencing. Results: The analysis identified and selected differentially expressedmRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs for each age group, followed by a thorough examination through GO enrichment analysis. The study uncovered significant variations in the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs within GCs at different stages of maturity. Notably, eca-miR-486-3p and miR-486-y exhibited the highest degree of connectivity. Subsequent GO, KEGG, PPI, and ceRNA network analyses elucidated that the differentially expressed target genes actively participate in signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hormonal regulation. These pathways include but are not limited to the MAPK signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Calcium signaling pathway, Aldosterone synthesis and secretion, Cellular senescence, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway--essentially encompassing signal transduction pathways crucial to reproductive processes. Discussion: This research significantly contributes to unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing follicular development in Kazakh horses. It establishes and preliminarily validates a differential regulatory network involving lncRNA-miRNAmRNA, intricately associated with processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and integral to the developmental intricacies of stromal follicles. The findings of this study provide a solid theoretical foundation for delving deeper into the realm of reproductive aging in Kazakh mares, presenting itself as a pivotal regulatory pathway in the context of horse ovarian development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the severity of tourniquet-induced lung injury. Methods: 36 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with a tourniquet were randomly assigned to the control (ischemia/reperfusion [I/R]) group and Dex group. Patients in the Dex group received a loading dose of Dex (0.8 µg/kg over 10 min intravenously) followed by continuous infusion of Dex (0.5 µg/kg/h intravenously) until the end of the surgery. The I/R group received an equal amount of 0.9% saline instead of Dex. The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Clara cell protein (CC-16), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured and arterial blood gas analysis was performed before anesthesia and 30 min, 6 h, and 24 h after tourniquet release. Results: In the I/R group, compared with baseline, the TNF-α, CC-16, and sRAGE concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) and the BDNF concentration was lower (p < 0.05) at most time points. In the Dex group, the TNF-α, CC-16, and sRAGE concentrations were lower than those in the I/R group (p < 0.05), whereas the concentration of BDNF was higher (p < 0.05). In the arterial blood gas analysis, the Dex group showed a significantly higher partial pressure of oxygen and arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (p < 0.05) and a significantly lower alveolar/arterial oxygen tension difference than the I/R group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dex administration partly inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines, affording protection against tourniquet-induced lung injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of antibiotics in medicine and industry fields as well as the improvement of water quality detection technology, more and more reports show that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (AGRs) were detected in various drinking water sources. The existence of these pollutants in water environment posed a great threat to human health. In this paper, the pollution status of antibiotics and transmission routes of antibiotic genes were introduced, and the characteristics and shortcomings of antibiotic treatment technology both at home and abroad were analyzed. Finally, suggestions and prospects for future antibiotic treatment technology were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]