18 results on '"Werker, Claudia"'
Search Results
2. Inclusive Research and Innovation in Engineering – Theory Building from Five Case Studies.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia, Feenstra, Marielle, and Pruschak, Gernot
- Abstract
Considering the diversity of human beings in research and innovation projects is important for societal inclusion. Yet especially STEM research and innovation projects only occasionally consider all human beings potentially affected by their innovation. In this paper, we therefore investigate whether STEM researchers and innovators in engineering consider the diversity of human beings in their projects and how this changes their technological and business success. We answer our research questions using an explorative theory-building approach in which we analyze twenty interviews with project leaders and team members of five research and innovation project teams working on high tech STEM innovations. Their efforts are funded within Horizon 2020 framework. We find that none of the project teams considered the diversity of human beings at project inception to start with. At the same time, STEM researchers and innovators agreed on the importance of and started considering the diversity of human beings after learning about the responsibility of research and innovation from social scientists. Furthermore, we show that open innovation practices like co-creation and knowledge sharing enhance the consideration of the diversity of human beings whereas increased entrepreneurial mindset helps STEM researchers and innovators to see the business potential of considering the diversity of human beings in their research and innovation projects. After all we show that inclusivity in STEM research and innovation broadens the search horizon, may help to develop insights and solutions that can be more responsible, more ethically, and more socially acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Balancing act between research and application: how research orientation and networks affect scholars' academic and commercial output.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia and Hopp, Christian
- Abstract
Scholars' balancing act between research and application leads to trade-offs between commercial and research output. Yet what some scholars may consider as poles apart might lead to super-additive outcomes for others. Based on a survey carried out at three leading European universities of technology we investigate the influence of scholars' research orientation and networks on their output productivity. Our results point to a very specific group of ambidextrous scholars that is comparatively small. The scholars in this group are able to successfully balance research and application. In contrast, all scholars focusing on either pure basic or pure applied research face a trade-off between publications and innovations. In general, our findings suggest that the output productivity of all scholars is the higher the better their research orientation fits with their network activities. In particular, ambidextrous scholars rely on effectively accessing and utilizing their network to increase commercial and research output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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4. Substituting face-to-face contacts in academics' collaborations: modern communication tools, proximity, and brokerage.
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Werker, Claudia and Ooms, Ward
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FACE-to-face communication ,COMMUNICATION ,BROKERS ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,COLLEGE teachers - Abstract
Prior analyses of face-to-face contacts in collaborations have focused on one substitute only. Instead, we analyse various potential substitutes for face-to-face contacts in collaborations. Based on 45 interviews with academics from five leading European universities of technology our findings show that face-to-face contacts are closely intertwined with other mechanisms of coordination and communication for collaboration, particularly modern communication tools, proximity, and brokerage. Generally, to add personal and social proximity to their collaborations academics in our sample rely on face-to-face contacts. In their relationships with industrial partners, face-to-face contacts remain crucial to overcome cognitive and organizational distance. Yet when working with their peers, a number of partial substitutes for face-to-face contacts exist, knowingly combinations of temporary geographical proximity and modern communication tools. Moreover, PhD students can play a crucial role as junior brokers, overcoming a lack of face-to-face contacts between partners jointly supervising them while working in different locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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5. Values in University–Industry Collaborations: The Case of Academics Working at Universities of Technology.
- Author
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Hillerbrand, Rafaela and Werker, Claudia
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TECHNOLOGY transfer ,ELECTRICAL engineers ,SOCIAL values ,EMPLOYEE training ,CONFLICT of interests ,TECHNOLOGY - Abstract
In the applied sciences and in engineering there is often a significant overlap between work at universities and in industry. For the individual scholar, this may lead to serious conflicts when working on joint university–industry projects. Differences in goals, such as the university's aim to disseminate knowledge while industry aims to appropriate knowledge, might lead to complicated situations and conflicts of interest. The detailed cases of two electrical engineers and two architects working at two different universities of technology illustrate the kinds of problems individual scholars face in university–business collaborations. These cases are based on qualitative interviews and additional data and demonstrate that, while value conflicts emerge on the organizational level, it is primarily the individual researcher who must deal with such conflicts. This analysis adds to existing studies in two ways: first, it explicitly addresses normative issues framed in terms of ethical and social values, thereby going beyond the common social-science perspective of university–business collaboration. Secondly, it provides qualitative insights, thereby identifying details and issues not apparent in quantitative studies. In particular, it is evident that university–industry collaborations are prone to value conflicts not only in research but also in education and job training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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6. Moving up the ladder: heterogeneity influencing academic careers through research orientation, gender, and mentors.
- Author
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Ooms, Ward, Werker, Claudia, and Hopp, Christian
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EDUCATORS ,CROSS-cultural differences ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,COLLEGE student orientation - Abstract
We look into the question whether heterogeneity stemming from research orientation, gender, or disciplinary and cultural differences with their PhD supervisors helps or hampers academics' careers. Based on a sample of 248 academics at two leading European universities of technology, we combine multinomial logit models and sequential logit models to understand career advancement. Our results show that heterogeneity stemming from research orientation is helpful. Academics who bridge between the quest for fundamental understanding and socio-economic relevance attain career success. Yet heterogeneity stemming from gender hinders careers: female academics face problems securing tenured positions and full professorships. Mentor–mentee heterogeneity only helps in early career transitions, but hampers advancement later on. Our insights offer suggestions to policymakers, university managers, and academics, because they help to identify promising academics, the right support for sitting staff members, measures correcting for gender imbalances, and can inform strategic choices regarding research orientation and PhD supervisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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7. Formation and output of collaborations: the role of proximity in German nanotechnology.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia, Korzinov, Vladimir, and Cunningham, Scott
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NANOTECHNOLOGY ,CONDENSED matter physics ,HIGH technology ,NANOSCIENCE ,PROXIMITY detectors ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,PROXIMITY spaces - Abstract
The development and deployment of technologies depend upon collaborations concurrently relying on proximity between partners. By employing publication data of German nanotechnology, we augment former findings on the relationship between proximity and collaboration in three ways. First, we shed light on how the various forms of proximity affect different stages of collaboration. Particularly, we split geographical proximity into pure physical and systemic proximity. By doing so, we can show that pure physical proximity plays a role early on, as it positively influences the formation of collaborations. In contrast, systemic proximity affects collaborations later on by inducing higher output. Second, innovation systems shape collaboration networks. We learn that specific features of publicly funded German research organizations influence the formation and output of collaborations via organizational proximity or a lack thereof. Third, cognitive proximity has by far the strongest magnitude of effect on both the formation and the output of collaborations. Particularly, existing partnership being cognitively diverse have a lot of potential. Therefore, research policy and university management might consider to stimulating current partnerships, being cognitively different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. Personal and social proximity empowering collaborations: the glue of knowledge networks.
- Author
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Ooms, Ward, Werker, Claudia, and Caniëls, Marjolein
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SOCIAL innovation ,PROXIMITY spaces - Abstract
The proximity framework serves to analyse and understand how collaborations form and develop over time, and how these affect innovation and learning. The framework has inspired and informed empirical studies in several contexts, contributing to our understanding of the dynamics of dyadic collaborations, industrial clusters and districts, and regional innovation systems, to name but a few. Recent conceptual and empirical advances have called attention to the role of personal proximity and social proximity in such collaborations. In addition to other forms of proximity, these two dimensions could make up the glue that holds knowledge networks together. In the introduction to this special issue, we elaborate upon this proposition, setting out a point-of-departure for the three empirical studies collected in this issue. We summarize the findings of these papers, and develop a research agenda from those findings that may guide proximity researchers to novel research problems and useful research designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Networks of entrepreneurs driving the Triple Helix: two cases of the Dutch energy system.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia, Ubacht, Jolien, and Ligtvoet, Andreas
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BUSINESSPEOPLE ,NEW business enterprises ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY policy - Abstract
Copyright of Triple Helix is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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10. Personal and related kinds of proximity driving collaborations: a multi-case study of Dutch nanotechnology researchers.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia, Ooms, Ward, and Caniëls, Marjolein
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PROXIMITY detectors ,NANOTECHNOLOGY ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,GLOBAL Network Navigator (Online service) ,COMMUNICATION - Abstract
Previous studies investigating proximity and collaboration have not clarified personal elements, such as working or communication style. Here, we show that personal proximity-close similarity in terms of personal traits and behavioral patterns-substantially affects the whole life cycle of research collaborations. We conduct a multi-case study of Dutch nanotechnology researchers. We select our interviewees through a bibliometric analysis and focus on the most central Dutch nanotechnology researchers in the global network. Our results reveal that social proximity and temporary geographical proximity have indirect effects enabling potential partners to assess their personal proximity. Sufficient levels of personal proximity often make or break the deal, provided that partners' cognitive and organizational proximity-which are major drivers of research collaborations-suffice. Introducing personal proximity to analyze research collaborations puts previous findings on proximity dimensions' effect on collaboration in a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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11. Universities’ functions in knowledge transfer: a geographical perspective.
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Fromhold-Eisebith, Martina and Werker, Claudia
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KNOWLEDGE transfer ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,ECONOMIC geography ,ECONOMISTS ,REGIONAL economics ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
Universities’ functions in knowledge transfer have been thoroughly investigated by scholars from different disciplines in the last decades. However, a complete picture of universities’ contribution to regional, national and international knowledge transfer is still missing. In this paper, we pull together the strings of various scholarly works produced by economic geographers, economists, regional scientists and others, thereby taking stock of achievements and shortcomings and elaborating avenues for further scientific work. We analyse the various functions of universities by using four conceptual frameworks, namely the regional innovation systems approach, the new production of technology theory, the triple helix model and social network theory. These different frameworks help to integrate the functions of universities into local-regional, national and international relationships theoretically. Empirically, universities’ relationships have been investigated by case studies, surveys and increasingly by social network analysis. Our exercise results in a critical discussion of a predominantly regional focus of investigation. Looking at knowledge transfer from a regional, national and international perspective leads to a different way of developing theoretical concepts and matching them with empirical tools. In particular, we find that social network analysis and its theoretical basis, i.e., social network theory, will give more body to understanding knowledge transfer functions of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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12. Proximity and collaboration in European nanotechnology.
- Author
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Cunningham, Scott W. and Werker, Claudia
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NANOTECHNOLOGY ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,POLICY sciences ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
Collaborations are particularly important for the development and deployment of technology. We analyse the influence of organizational, technological and geographical proximity on European nanotechnology collaborations with the help of a publication dataset and additional geographical information. While organizational proximity influences the output of collaborations only indirectly, geographical and technological proximity do so directly. Geographical proximity is most significant in statistical terms and technological proximity has the highest magnitude of effect. Consequently, the latter lends itself most for management and policy interventions, for example, by providing information on technological specialization of potential partners. Resumen Las colaboraciones son especialmente importantes para el desarrollo y el despliegue tecnológico. Se analiza la influencia de la proximidad organizacional, tecnológica y geográfica en colaboraciones europeas en nanotecnología, con la ayuda de un conjunto de datos publicados e información geográfica adicional. Si bien la proximidad organizacional influye en el resultado de las colaboraciones solo de manera indirecta, las proximidades geográfica y tecnológica influyen directamente. La proximidad geográfica es la más significativa en términos estadísticos y la proximidad tecnológica tiene la magnitud del efecto más elevada. Consecuentemente, esta última se presta más a las intervenciones de gestión y de políticas, por ejemplo, facilitando información sobre la especialización tecnológica de socios potenciales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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13. Regional innovation systems, clusters, and knowledge networking.
- Author
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Brenner, Thomas, Cantner, Uwe, Fornahl, Dirk, Fromhold-Eisebith, Martina, and Werker, Claudia
- Subjects
ECONOMIES of agglomeration ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Abstract
An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue including one about networks and economic agglomerations, another one about network analysis application in innovation studies, and one on innovation and entrepreneurship.
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- 2011
- Full Text
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14. A Taxonomy of Inference in Simulation Models.
- Author
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Brenner, Thomas and Werker, Claudia
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ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC forecasting ,ECONOMIC systems ,COMBINATORICS ,STATISTICS ,PERMUTATIONS - Abstract
Simulation models have become increasingly popular in economics in the last two decades, because they can deal with a wide range of research questions. The set-up and analysis of simulation models can range from very specific to very general and can be underpinned by different combinations of theoretical considerations and empirical data. We offer a taxonomy of existing simulation approaches and show how their results can be used to explain observed economic features, examine economic systems and predict future economic processes. Moreover, we offer a new type of method that helps to better exploit empirical findings in simulation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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15. Marshall’s disciples: knowledge and innovation driving regional economic development and growth.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia and Athreye, Suma
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REGIONAL economics ,REGIONALISM ,ECONOMICS ,REGIONAL planning ,ECONOMIC development ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Studies of knowledge and innovation as driving forces of regional development and growth offer a myriad of approaches. Here, questions asked, methods used and answers given are manifold. In our overview, we cover recent developments in this research area. Moreover, we explore the question as to the extent to which approaches in this research area compete with or complement one another. It turns out that the various studies are much more complementary than competitive. However, there is still much ground to be covered before we fully understand the processes underlying the creation and dissemination of knowledge and innovation leading to regional development and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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16. Knowledge and Organisation Strategies in Innovation Systems.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia
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TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
The purpose of the following analysis is to identify the most promising organisational strategies of innovative agents under different environmental constraints. To do so, the processes of the relationships between these agents are taken into account by putting three aspects together. First, it is shown that the transfer, storage, and use of knowledge are significantly influenced by this knowledge's characteristics. Second, the main principles of the generation and selection of innovation are introduced from the systemic point of view. As a third element, the variety of possible relationships between innovative agents are categorised to identify the different organisational principles that can be employed. By putting all these elements together, it is possible to show which strategies are the most promising under different constraints given by the innovation possibilities, the relevant institutions, the knowledge employed, and the kind of innovation expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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17. Panel - Ethics in modern universities of technology: Challenges of the 21st century.
- Author
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Engel-Hills, Penelope, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Rip, Arie, Sunderland, Mary, Taebi, Behnam, Werker, Claudia, and Wineberg, Chris
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- 2014
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18. The Role of Personal Proximity in Collaborations: A Case Study of Dutch Nanotechnology Researchers.
- Author
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Werker, Claudia, Ooms, Ward, and Caniels, Marjolein
- Abstract
So far studies investigating proximity and collaboration have focused on dimensions of proximity not explicating personalities of partners, such as working or communication style. However, as we will show in this paper, personal proximity - close similarity in terms of personal traits, behavioural patterns, and the degree to which individuals enjoy each other's company - affects research collaborations substantially. We conduct a multiple-case study of research collaborations of Dutch nanotechnology researchers. Our qualitative analysis reveals the role of personal proximity, also related to other dimensions of proximity, in forming and maintaining collaborations and studies its impact on collaboration output. In particular, we assess whether the "click" between partners can make or break a collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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