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To investigate the dispersion process of the underground toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO) into the refuge chamber during a mine disaster and enhance the survival rate of trapped miners, a simplified model of an underground refuge chamber and the main roadway was constructed. The impact of temperature and pressurized air volume on CO dispersion into the refuge chamber has been examined through both analog experiments and numerical simulations, and the reliability of the simulation results was verified. The results indicate that CO dispersion into the refuge chamber through the top of the protective isolation door occurs when the temperature in the refuge chamber is lower than that of the toxic gas. When the temperature of the toxic gas is higher, it tends to enter the refuge chamber through the bottom of the protective isolation door. The evolution of CO concentration in the transition chamber can be divided toxic survival chamber can be categorized into a sudden decline stage and a stable stage. And a flexible isolation door designed to control the entry of toxic gases into the refuge chamber was implemented, and its impact on CO dispersion has been compared and analyzed. When the temperature of the main roadway is 50 °C and the temperature of the refuge chamber is 20 °C, the required pressurized air volume to maintain the CO concentration within the safe threshold (24 ppm) is reduced to 69.6% of that needed without the isolation door, thereby significantly reducing the infiltration of harmful gases from the main roadway into the refuge chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is a potential risk factor of voriconazole (VCZ) overdose, procalcitonin (PCT) is reported to act as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infections. However, the association of PCT with VCZ trough serum concentrations (VCZ-Cmin) is not fully clear. Our study aims to investigate the associations between PCT and VCZ-Cmin. In this retrospective cohort study, we collected the clinical data of 147 patients who received VCZ and monitored the VCZ concentration of them in our hospital from August 2017 to August 2021. All patients underwent routine clinical examinations on the day or the day before VCZ administration. General information and clinical symptoms of these patients were recorded. Multivariate liner analysis showed that PCT was significantly associated with VCZ-Cmin (p < 0.001). Overall, it was shown that VCZ-Cmin was significantly increased by 0.32 µg/mL for each fold increment in PCT in crude model. In the minor adjusted model (Model 1, adjustment for sex, age, albumin, direct bi1irubin, WBC) and fully adjusted model (Model 2, adjustment for sex, age, albumin, direct bilirubin, WBC, AST and ALT), VCZ-Cmin was significantly increased by 0.23 µg/mL and 0.21 µg/mL, respectively, for each fold increment in PCT. In conclusion, this research reveals the correlation between PCT and VCZ-Cmin, indicating that PCT has the potential to serve as a valuable biomarker for drug monitoring in the treatment of VCZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The firm-sponsored online brand communities thrive on value-adding interactions. Existing studies, however, ignore the reasons for social interaction. A sufficient understanding of the factors driving social interactions and ultimately affecting community outcomes is still lacking. Our research examines how social interactions occur and influence consumer purchase behavior from a social network perspective, drawing on the theories of planned behavior and homophily. Our exponential random graph (ERG) models show that consumer-specific traits (e.g., deal proneness) and similarity on tenure, location, and deal proneness positively drive social interactions, while similarity on age, premium-product propensity does not. Our two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions find that social interactions among co-located consumers strongly influence purchase behavior. Our study contributes to the social interaction literature by emphasizing the types of social interactions and their antecedents and consequences with various consumer purposes. Our findings open a new research direction and novel business applications in firm-sponsored community management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A circular non-touch mode capacitive pressure sensor can operate in both transverse and normal uniform loading modes, but the elastic behavior of its movable electrode plate is different under the two different loading modes, making its input–output analytical relationships between pressure and capacitance different. This suggests that when such a sensor operates, respectively, in transverse and normal uniform loading modes, the theory of its numerical design and calibration is different, in other words, the theory for the transverse uniform loading mode (available in the literature) cannot be used as the theory for the normal uniform loading mode (not yet available in the literature). In this paper, a circular non-touch mode capacitive pressure sensor operating in normal uniform loading mode is considered. The elastic behavior of the movable electrode plate of the sensor under normal uniform loading is analytically solved with the improved governing equations, and the improved analytical solution obtained can be used to mathematically describe the movable electrode plate with larger elastic deflections, in comparison with the existing two analytical solutions in the literature. This provides a larger technical space for developing the circular non-touch mode capacitive pressure sensors used for measuring the static gas pressure (belonging to normal uniform loading). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer. It is characterized by low or no expression of the androgen receptor (AR), activation of AR-independent signaling, and increased neuroendocrine phenotype. Most of NEPC is induced by treatment of androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs). Currently, the treatment of NEPC follows the treatment strategy for small-cell lung cancer, lacking effective drugs and specific treatment options. This review summarizes potential novel targets and therapies for NEPC treatment, including epigenetic regulators (zeste homolog 2 inhibitors, lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitors), aurora kinase A inhibitors, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, delta-like ligand 3 targeted therapies, a combination of immunotherapies, etc. Other promising targets and future directions are also discussed in this review. These novel targets and therapies may provide new opportunities for the treatment of NEPC. Plain language summary: This review summarizes potential novel targets and therapies for NEPC treatment, including epigenetic regulators (EZH2 inhibitors, LSD-1 inhibitors), AURKA inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and DLL3 targeted therapies, and combination of immunotherapies, etc. These novel targets and therapies may provide new opportunities in the treatment of NEPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The management of length-unstable femoral shaft fractures(LUFSFs) in pediatric patients is still controversial. This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided closed reduction combined with external fixation for treating LUFSFs in children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 19 pediatric patients with LUFSFs who underwent ultrasound-guided closed reduction and external fixation between January 2018 and January 2023. Ultrasound was employed not only to facilitate closed reduction of the fracture but also to guide real-time insertion of Schanz pins and monitor pin length as it traversed the opposite cortex. Surgical time, intraoperative fluoroscopy count, hospital stay length, fracture fixation duration, complication incidence, fracture reduction quality at the final follow-up were recorded. Results: The patients' average age was 7.5 years(range: 5 to 11 years). The mean surgical duration was 70.4 min (range: 48–105 min), and the average intraoperative fluoroscopy count was 6.5 (range: 2–16). Fracture fixation lasted an average of 10.9 weeks (range: 7–20 weeks). All patients were followed up for more than one year. 6 cases of superficial pin tract infection occurred, which resolved with oral antibiotics and enhanced needle tract care. No deep infections were observed. Temporary stiffness of the knee joint was observed in 2 patients. According to Flynn's efficacy evaluation system, fracture reduction quality at the final follow-up was rated as excellent in 11 cases and satisfactory in 8 cases, yielding a combined success rate of 100% (19/19). Conclusions: The technique of ultrasound-guided closed reduction combined with external fixation offers favorable outcomes for children aged 5 to 11 years with LUFSFs, reducing reliance on fluoroscopic guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to unveil the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of skin cancer in relation to metabolic factors and pathway mechanisms. This study utilized the TwoSample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to investigate the causal relationship between 1400 plasma metabolites and skin cancer. The primary method employed was the inverse variance weighting (IVW). Through IVW analysis, we found 105 plasma metabolites associated with Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), with the highest association observed for Prolylglycine levels (OR [95% CI]: 1.1902 [1.0274, 1.3788]). For Malignant Melanoma of Skin (MSS), 68 plasma metabolites were linked, with the highest causal relationship seen for 3-Hydroxybutyrate levels (OR [95% CI]: 1.0030 [1.0013, 1.0048]). Regarding actinic keratosis (AK), and the highest association observed for Hexadecadienoate (16:2n6) levels (OR [95% CI]: 1.3302 [1.0333, 1.7125]). Glycerol to palmitoylcarnitine (16: n6) levels (OR [95% CI]: 1.3302 [1.0333, 1.125]) were found to be significant for BCC and AK. Palmitoylcarnitine (C16) had the most positive causal effect for BCC (OR [95% CI]: 1.1777 [1.0493, 1.3218]), while 5-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine sulfate levels had the highest effect for AK (OR [95% CI]: 1.1788 [1.0295, 1.3498]). And 4-guanidinobutanoate levels had the largest positive causal effect (OR [95% CI]: 1.0857 [1.0417, 1.1317]) for BCC, and X-11880 levels for MSS (OR [95% CI]: 1.0013 [1.0000, 1.0025]). The study revealed a positive association between hereditary Glycerol to palmitoylcarnitine (C16) and 5-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine sulfate levels with the risk of developing BCC and AK. Additionally, 4-guanidinobutanoate levels and X 11880 levels were found to be positively associated with the risk of BCC and MMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High voltage AC/DC cables require thicker insulation to ensure excellent insulation performance. Selecting the appropriate crosslinker to design the crosslink and crystalline structure of XLPE is key to the insulating properties. Although the crystallinity of XLPE has been extensively studied by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeters, few researchers have designed in situ experiments to observe its structure. In this paper, we have created an in situ observational experiment to monitor the structural changes of XLPE insulation. XLPE formed by DTAP crosslinker produces lower gas byproducts, which can effectively reduce the degassing time and energy consumption. The test results and COMSOL simulations indicate that the XLPE formed by straight-chain alkane crosslinkers has better mechanical, thermal and electrical insulating properties than cyclic alkane crosslinkers. Our work is of great significance for selecting suitable crosslinker to control the structure of XLPE and determining the production conditions for high-voltage cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of atlantoaxial intra-articular cage (AIC) fusion via intermuscular approach for treating reducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). Methods: An analysis was conducted on the data of 10 patients who underwent C1-C2 segmental fixation and AIC fusion for AAD by unilateral intermuscular approach and contralateral open approach. Outcome assessments included Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA) and Visual Analog Scale Score for Neck Pain (VASSNP). The duration of surgical exposure, screw insertion and cage insertion, and postoperative drainage volume were also compared between two approaches. Bone fusion was evaluated through computed tomography (CT) reconstruction. Postoperative paravertebral tissue edema was evaluated by paravertebral tissue cross-sectional area (CSA) and signal intensity on T2 weighted sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 days postoperatively. Results: The intermuscular approach exhibited a longer exposure time but lower drainage postoperatively compared to the open approach (P < 0.05). After operation, JOA scores significant improved (P < 0.05), while VASSNP scores significantly decreased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative CSA between two approaches (P > 0.05). However, compared to the open approach, the intermuscular approach exhibited less CSA (P < 0.05) and lower T2 signal intensity on MRI postoperatively, indicating less invasive to the paravertebral tissues. Conclusions: AIC fusion by intermuscular approach is an effective and safe technique in the treatment of reducible AAD. Intermuscular approach could reduce the postoperative drainage volume and the extent of paravertebral tissue edema compared to open approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current guidelines encourage large studies in a diverse population to establish normal reference ranges for three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography for different ethnic groups. This study was designed to establish the normal values of 3D-left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) volume and function in a nationwide, population-based cohort of healthy Han Chinese adults. A total of 1117 healthy volunteers aged 18–89 years were enrolled from 28 collaborating laboratories in China. Two sets of 3D echocardiographic instruments were used, and full-volume echocardiographic images were recorded and transmitted to a core laboratory for image analysis with a vendor-independent off-line workstation. Finally, 866 volunteers (mean age of 48.4 years, 402 men) were qualified for final analysis. Most parameters exhibited substantial differences between different sex and age groups, even after indexation by body surface area. The normal ranges of 3D-LV and 3D-LA volume and function differed from those recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines, presented by the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) study, and from the 2D values in the EMINCA study. The normal reference values of 3D echocardiography-derived LV and LA volume and function were established for the first time in healthy Han Chinese adults. Normal ranges of 3D-LV and 3D-LA echocardiographic measurements stratified with sex, age, and race should be recommended for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For thermosetting resins the degree of cross-linking plays a crucial role in the dielectric properties of the resin. In our previous works we confirmed this by simulating the relationship between the dielectric properties of poly(2-(4-benzocyclobutenyl)-divinylbenzene (DVB-S-BCB)) and the degree of cross-linking. In our research described here, we constructed a novel random copolymer with all-hydrocarbon structure based on poly(DVB-S-BCB) by introducing styrene (St) as the second polymerization monomer, thus controlling the number of cross-linking sites in the polymer. The effect of changes in St monomer content (number of cross-linking points) in the polymer chains, i.e. DVB-S-BCB and St, on the dielectric properties of the cured resins was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results showed that increasing the St monomer content in the copolymer, decreasing the cross-linking points, led to an increase in the dielectric constant of the cured resin, in addition to which the copolymer exhibited excellent thermo-mechanical properties. We also tested resin samples prepared by the experimental method and compared them with the simulated data, confirming the reliability of the results within acceptable error limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When conducting spine-related diagnosis and surgery, the three-dimensional (3D) upright posture of the spine under natural weight bearing is of significant clinical value for physicians to analyze the force on the spine. However, existing medical imaging technologies cannot meet current requirements of medical service. On the one hand, the mainstream 3D volumetric imaging modalities (e.g. CT and MRI) require patients to lie down during the imaging process. On the other hand, the imaging modalities conducted in an upright posture (e.g. radiograph) can only realize 2D projections, which lose the valid information of spinal anatomy and curvature. Developments of deep learning-based 3D reconstruction methods bring potential to overcome the limitations of the existing medical imaging technologies. To deal with the limitations of current medical imaging technologies as is described above, in this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework, ReVerteR, which can realize automatic 3D Reconstruction of Vertebrae from orthogonal bi-planar Radiographs. With the utilization of self-attention mechanism and specially designed loss function combining Dice, Hausdorff, Focal, and MSE, ReVerteR can alleviate the sample-imbalance problem during the reconstruction process and realize the fusion of the centroid annotation and the focused vertebra. Furthermore, aiming at automatic and customized 3D spinal reconstruction in real-world scenarios, we extend ReVerteR to a clinical deployment-oriented framework, and develop an interactive interface with all functions in the framework integrated so as to enhance human–computer interaction during clinical decision-making. Extensive experiments and visualization conducted on our constructed datasets based on two benchmark datasets of spinal CT, VerSe 2019 and VerSe 2020, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed ReVerteR. In this paper, we propose an automatic 3D reconstruction method of vertebrae based on orthogonal bi-planar radiographs. With the 3D upright posture of the spine under natural weight bearing effectively constructed, our proposed method is expected to better support doctors make clinical decision during spine-related diagnosis and surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The linkage between psoriasis and hypertension has been established through observational studies. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of the combined effects of psoriasis and hypertension on all-cause mortality is lacking. The principal aim of the present study is to elucidate the synergistic impact of psoriasis and hypertension on mortality within a representative cohort of adults residing in the United States. Methods: The analysis was conducted on comprehensive datasets derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study spanning two distinct periods: 2003–2006 and 2009–2014. The determination of psoriasis status relied on self-reported questionnaire data, whereas hypertension was characterized by parameters including systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, self-reported physician diagnosis, or the use of antihypertensive medication. The assessment of the interplay between psoriasis and hypertension employed multivariable logistic regression analyses. Continuous monitoring of participants' vital status was conducted until December 31, 2019. A four-level variable amalgamating information on psoriasis and hypertension was established, and the evaluation of survival probability utilized the Kaplan-Meier curve alongside Cox regression analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to scrutinize the correlation between psoriasis/hypertension and all-cause mortality. Results: In total, this study included 19,799 participants, among whom 554 had psoriasis and 7,692 had hypertension. The findings from the logistic regression analyses indicated a heightened risk of hypertension among individuals with psoriasis in comparison to those devoid of psoriasis. Throughout a median follow-up spanning 105 months, 1,845 participants experienced all-cause death. In comparison to individuals devoid of both hypertension and psoriasis, those with psoriasis alone exhibited an all-cause mortality HR of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.35–1.53), individuals with hypertension alone showed an HR of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.55–2.04), and those with both psoriasis and hypertension had an HR of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.60–3.40). In the course of a stratified analysis differentiating between the presence and absence of psoriasis, it was noted that hypertension correlated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality in individuals lacking psoriasis (HR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.54–2.04). Notably, this association was further accentuated among individuals with psoriasis, revealing an increased HR of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.47–7.13). Conclusions: The outcomes of our investigation demonstrated a noteworthy and positive association between psoriasis, hypertension, and all-cause mortality. These findings indicate that individuals who have both psoriasis and hypertension face an increased likelihood of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of modern information technology, data compression technology occupies a pivotal position. With advancements in quantum information technology, the need to compress large-scale qubits ensembles has become urgent, aiming to reduce the demand on quantum storage resources. However, existing quantum state compression schemes generally face a limitation: the particles before and after compression must reside in the same dimensional space. In specific scenarios, compressing qubits into particles of higher dimensions not only enhances the efficiency of quantum state compression but also further reduces the usage of quantum storage resources. Here we experimentally demonstrated a quantum state compression between particles of different dimensions, successfully compressing two qubits into a single qutrit. The average fidelity of the resulting qutrit with the ideal quantum state is 0.8835. Our study may have potential applications in future quantum information, such as increasing quantum communication bandwidth and reducing storage resource consumption in quantum computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Löffler's endocarditis (LE) is a frequently encountered condition in hypereosinophilic syndrome and is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality rate. Case Summary A 22-year-old man presented with acute dyspnoea, recurring wheezing, and cough, leading to his hospital admission. Multimodal diagnostic imaging revealed a manifestation of eosinophil-mediated cardiac injury in the thrombus formation stage. Moreover, a mural thrombus and thickened endocardium had caused severe obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and complete obliteration of the right ventricular apex, resulting in a significant reduction in right ventricular cardiac output. The patient received a diagnosis of LE and was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and anticoagulants. To alleviate the RVOT obstruction, an emergency surgical intervention was conducted through median sternotomy to the removal of the mural thrombus and resection of the thickened endocardium. Subsequently, eosinophil counts normalized within 1 month. Follow-up imaging examination demonstrated the existence of a residual section of thickened endocardium within the right ventricular free wall. Importantly, no mural thrombus was detected with complete relief of the RVOT obstruction. Notably, a transthoracic echocardiography examination at the 3-month postoperative unveiled a significant regression in right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis. The patient's condition exhibited tangible improvement, with no adverse events observed. Discussion Multimodal imaging is essential for the early diagnosis and accurate staging of LE. Timely surgical intervention, combined with corticosteroid therapy, is an effective therapeutic approach in selected patients with LE. This approach is crucial to achieve remission of acute phase symptoms and improve prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shifted the spotlight from adult disease to gametogenesis and embryo developmental events, and these are greatly affected by various environmental chemicals, such as drugs, metabolites, pollutants, and others. Growing research has highlighted the critical importance of identifying and understanding the roles of chemicals in reproductive biology. However, the functions and mechanisms of chemicals in reproductive processes remain incomplete. We developed a comprehensive database called the Reproductive Chemical Database (RCDB) (https://yu.life.sjtu.edu.cn/ChenLab/RCDB) to facilitate research on chemicals in reproductive biology. This resource is founded on rigorous manual literature extraction and precise protein target prediction methodologies. This database focuses on the delineation of chemicals associated with phenotypes, diseases, or endpoints intricately associated with four important reproductive processes: female and male gamete generation, fertilization, and embryo development in human and mouse. The RCDB encompasses 93 sub-GO processes, and it revealed 1447 intricate chemical–biological process interactions. To date, the RCDB has meticulously cataloged and annotated 830 distinct chemicals, while also predicting 614 target proteins from a selection of 3800 potential candidates. Additionally, the RCDB offers an online predictive tool that empowers researchers to ascertain whether specific chemicals play discernible functional roles in these reproductive processes. The RCDB is an exhaustive, cross-platform, manually curated database, which provides a user-friendly interface to search, browse, and use reproductive processes modulators and their comprehensive related information. The RCDB will help researchers to understand the whole reproductive process and related diseases and it has the potential to promote reproduction research in the pharmacological and pathophysiological areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between social trust and firm debt maturity mismatch in the Chinese context. Additionally, we investigate the economic mechanisms through which social trust affects debt maturity mismatch, and the differential roles played by social trust among firms with different characteristics. We employ enterprise trustworthiness scores and provincial blood donation rates as our measures of regional social trust level and find a negative relationship between local trust and firm debt maturity mismatch, suggesting that social trust which promotes ethical norms acts as a restraint on firms' propensity for excessive risk. An alternative but consistent explanation is higher social trust increases debtors' willingness to lend, hence it reduces firms' funding costs and consequently the potential cost‐saving motivation behind such a mismatch. We further document evidence that social trust improves the firm information environment and consequently risk‐taking and/or the ability to reduce funding costs. The study also reveals variations in the role of social trust based on firm characteristics, such as leverage and profitability, and the ownership structure (state‐owned enterprises vs. non‐state‐owned enterprises). The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the increasing importance of social capital for policy and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We find a significant positive role of chief executive officer (CEO) social capital on the level of corporate risk‐taking for Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2019. We reveal that a better business environment tends to reduce this positive relationship. In addition, we also find that corporate innovations provide moderation effects on the relationship. Further analysis of heterogeneity tests on firm characteristics suggests that CEO social capital's effect on corporate risk‐taking is significant and stronger for non‐state‐owned enterprises, firms with fewer female directors on their board, and firms with more cash holdings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the treatment patterns and survival status of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) in China in the past two decades, and objectively evaluate the impact of standardized Chinese medicine (CM) treatment on the survival of AGC patients. Methods: This multicenter registry designed and propensity score analysis study described the diagnosis characteristics, treatment-pattern development and survival status of AGC from 10 hospitals in China between January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2021. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated between non-CM cohort (standard medical treatment) and CM cohort (integrated standard CM treatment ≥3 months). Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to adjust any difference in average outcomes for bias. Results: A total of 2,001 patients histologically confirmed locally advanced and/or metastasis stomach and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Among them, 1,607 received systemic chemotherapy, 215 (10.74%) accepted molecular targeted therapy, 44 (2.2%) received checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and 769 (38.43%) received CM. Two-drug regimen was the main choice for first-line treatment, with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum as the most common regimen (530 cases, 60.09%). While 45.71% (16 cases) of patients with HER2 amplification received trastuzumab in first-line. The application of apatinib increased (33.33%) in third-line. The application of checkpoint inhibitors has increased since 2020. COX analysis showed that Lauren mixed type (P=0.017), cycles of first-line treatment >6 (P=0.000), CM (P=0.000), palliative gastrectomy (P=0.000), trastuzumab (P=0.011), and apatinib (P=0.008) were independent prognostic factors for the OS of AGC. After PSM and IPTW, the median OS of CM cohort and non-CM cohort was 18.17 and 12.45 months, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: In real-world practice for AGC in China, therapy choices consisted with guidelines. Two-drug regimen was the main first-line choice. Standardized CM treatment was an independent prognostic factor and could prolong the OS of Chinese patients with AGC. (Registration No. NCT02781285) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel report presents the first known case, to our knowledge, of a 16-year-old male patient who experienced intraventricular thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after a Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum, attributed to chronic bar displacement. Two years after the operation, the patient experienced post-exercise cough and hemoptysis, which led to his admission. Imaging revealed pulmonary embolism, thrombosis in the right ventricular outflow tract, and lung infiltrative lesions. We hypothesize that the chronic bar displacement led to its embedment in the right ventricle, resulting in thrombus formation, which subsequently contributed to partial pulmonary embolism. Surgery revealed the bars' intrusion into the right ventricle and lung. This case highlights the risk of severe complications from bar displacement in the Nuss procedure, which necessitates long-term follow-up evaluation, caution against strenuous activities after surgery, and use of thoracoscopic guidance during bar implantation and removal. It underscores the importance of vigilant evaluation for late-stage complications in patients with respiratory distress or thrombosis after a Nuss procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing low-light image enhancement methods suffer from the problems of detail loss, color distortion and excessive noise. To address the above-mentioned issues, this paper proposes a neural network-based low-light image enhancement network. The network is divided into three parts: decomposition network, reflection component denoising network, and illumination component enhancement network. In the decomposition network, the input image is decomposed into a reflection image and an illumination image. In the reflection component denoising network, the Unet3+ network improved by fusion CA attention is adopted to denoise the reflection image. In the illumination component enhancement network, the adaptive mapping curve is adopted to enhance the illumination image iteratively. Finally, the processed illumination and reflection images are fused based on Retinex theory to obtain the final enhanced image. The experimental results show that the proposed network achieves excellent visual effects in subjective evaluation. Additionally, it shows a significant improvement in objective evaluation metrics, including PSNR, SSIM, NIQE, and so on, when compared to the results in several public datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we develop an Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV)-based method for retrieving wind vectors using 183.31 GHz water-vapor absorption channels. The method involves tracking water-vapor features from image triplets and subsequently deriving wind fields from motion vectors. The height of the derived wind for each channel is determined by calculating the weighing function peak using monthly averaged ERA5 reanalysis data. By utilizing Microwave Humidity Sounder-II (MWHS-II) brightness temperatures from the five channels centered around 183.31 GHz, wind vectors are retrieved within the Arctic region for the entire year of 2022. The retrieval quality is evaluated through comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) wind product. The resultant vector root mean square errors (RMSEs) are approximately 4.5 m/s for the three lower-height channels and 5.5 m/s for the two upper-height channels. These findings demonstrate a wind retrieval performance comparable to the existing methods, highlighting its potential for augmenting wind availability at lower height levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography is an emerging technique for assessing right ventricular (RV) volume and function, but 3D‐RV normal values from a large Chinese population are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to establish normal values of 3D‐RV volume and function in healthy Chinese volunteers. A total of 1117 Han Chinese volunteers from 28 laboratories in 20 provinces of China were enrolled, and 3D‐RV images of 747 volunteers with optimal image quality were ultimately analyzed by a core laboratory. Both vendor‐dependent and vendor‐independent software platforms were used to analyze the 3D‐RV images. We found that men had larger RV volumes than women did in the whole population, even after indexing to body surface area, and older individuals had smaller RV volumes. The normal RV volume was significantly smaller than that recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines in both sexes. There were significant differences in 3D‐RV measurements between the two vendor ultrasound systems and the different software platforms. The echocardiographic measurements in normal Chinese adults II study revealed normal 3D‐RV volume and function in a large Chinese population, and there were significant differences between the sexes, ages, races, and vendor groups. Thus, normal 3D‐RV values should be stratified by sex, age, race, and vendor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuously increasing bank sizes have received much attention from both policymakers and researchers. We present new estimates of returns to scale in cost, revenue, and profit for European banks over 2000–2020 based on nonparametric, local‐linear methods. We find that most banks faced increasing returns to scale in cost and decreasing returns to scale in revenue and profit across years, across European countries, and across bank size quartiles. Our results suggest that restricting the size of banks may not bring too much loss of revenue and profit, but could prevent European banks from exploiting increasing returns to scale in cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sand fixing shelter forests in the Horqin Sandy Land are a key area in the "3-North" Shelter Forest Program in China, which has a history of over 50 years of artificial afforestation. Populus simonii Carr is one of the most dominant silvicultural species in the region. The aim of this study is to understand the soil characteristics and soil fertility of Populus simonii shelter forests at different growth stages and to establish a scientific basis for soil nutrient regulation and sustainable management of Populus simonii shelter forests at the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land. Sample plots were selected for young (≤15 a), middle-aged (16–25 a), near-mature (26–30 a), mature (31–40 a), and over-mature (≥41 a) forests. Each forest studied was in a state of natural restoration with uniform stand conditions and no artificial fertilizer was applied. These sites were selected to study changes in the soil characteristics in soil depths of 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm. In order to avoid the problem of multicollinearity between soil variables and to reduce redundancy, principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation analysis, and Norm value calculation were used to select the least correlated indicators with the highest factor loadings. This was used to establish the minimum data set. The soil fertility quality of these shelterbelts in different forest ages was quantified using the soil quality index (SQI). In the growth stage from young to nearly mature forests, the soil bulk weight and pH decreased with increasing forest age. Soil capillary porosity, noncapillary porosity, total porosity, water content, field water holding capacity, and organic carbon content increased with increasing forest age and soil nutrient content gradually improved. At the stage of near-mature to over-mature forests, the effect of forest age on soil bulk density was not significant and all other soil characteristics decreased to varying degrees as the forest age increased. The soil also developed from alkaline to neutral. The SQI of the total data set and the SQI of the minimum data set consistently showed that near-mature forests (NMF) > middle-aged forests (MAF) > mature forests (MF) > over-mature forests (OMF) > young forests (YF). The results of the two evaluation systems showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05, R 2 = 0.8263) indicating that it is feasible to use the minimum data set to evaluate the soil fertility of shelter forests of different forest ages. The age of the forest has an obvious effect on the soil characteristics and overall soil fertility of shelter forests. The Populus simonii shelter forests on the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land have great soil development at the early stage of afforestation and the soil nutrient content gradually increases. The soil fertility reaches a peak when the forest is nearly mature and the soil fertility declines after the age of the forest reaches 30 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among elderly coronary heart disease (CHD) patients toward self-perceived health abilities. Methods: This web-based study was carried out between April 2023 and September 2023 at Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. A self-developed questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic information from elderly CHD patients, and evaluate their KAP towards self-perceived health abilities. Results: A total of 568 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the participants, the average age was 65.97± 5.50 years, and 298 (52.46%) were female, and the mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 6.34± 2.29 (possible range: 0– 9), 35.24± 4.99 (possible range: 9– 45), and 27.79± 10.09 (possible range: 9– 45), respectively. The structural equation model demonstrated that elderly CHD patients' knowledge directly affects attitudes and practices, with path coefficient of 0.93 (P< 0.001) and 0.39 (P=0.033), respectively. Moreover, attitudes play an intermediary role between knowledge and practice with path coefficient of 0.75 (P< 0.001). Furthermore, residence directly affects knowledge with path coefficient of 0.67 (P< 0.001), cardiac function directly affects knowledge with path coefficient of − 0.97 (P< 0.001) and history of interventional therapy directly affects practice with path coefficient of 4.23 (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Elderly CHD patients demonstrated sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices towards self-perceived health abilities. However, educational programs and behavior modification are recommended, particularly for elderly with lower age and education, living in rural areas, lacking interventional therapy, obese, or taking multiple CHD medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have become common in contemporary software development. Many automated API recommendation methods have been proposed. However, these methods suffer from a deficit of using domain knowledge, giving rise to challenges like the "cold start" and "semantic gap" problems. Consequently, they are unsuitable for test function recommendation, which recommends test functions for test engineers to implement test cases formed with various test steps. This paper introduces an approach named TOKTER, which recommends test functions leveraging test-oriented knowledge graphs. Such a graph contains domain concepts and their relationships related to the system under test and the test harness, which is constructed from the corpus data of the concerned test project. TOKTER harnesses the semantic associations between test steps (or queries) and test functions by considering literal descriptions, test function parameters, and historical data. We evaluated TOKTER with an industrial dataset and compared it with three state-of-the-art approaches. Results show that TOKTER significantly outperformed the baseline by margins of at least 36.6% in mean average precision (MAP), 19.6% in mean reciprocal rank (MRR), and 1.9% in mean recall (MR) for the top-10 recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate preoperative identification of ovarian tumour subtypes is imperative for patients as it enables physicians to custom-tailor precise and individualized management strategies. So, we have developed an ultrasound (US)-based multiclass prediction algorithm for differentiating between benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumours. Methods: We randomised data from 849 patients with ovarian tumours into training and testing sets in a ratio of 8:2. The regions of interest on the US images were segmented and handcrafted radiomics features were extracted and screened. We applied the one-versus-rest method in multiclass classification. We inputted the best features into machine learning (ML) models and constructed a radiomic signature (Rad_Sig). US images of the maximum trimmed ovarian tumour sections were inputted into a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model. After internal enhancement and complex algorithms, each sample's predicted probability, known as the deep transfer learning signature (DTL_Sig), was generated. Clinical baseline data were analysed. Statistically significant clinical parameters and US semantic features in the training set were used to construct clinical signatures (Clinic_Sig). The prediction results of Rad_Sig, DTL_Sig, and Clinic_Sig for each sample were fused as new feature sets, to build the combined model, namely, the deep learning radiomic signature (DLR_Sig). We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to estimate the performance of the multiclass classification model. Results: The training set included 440 benign, 44 borderline, and 196 malignant ovarian tumours. The testing set included 109 benign, 11 borderline, and 49 malignant ovarian tumours. DLR_Sig three-class prediction model had the best overall and class-specific classification performance, with micro- and macro-average AUC of 0.90 and 0.84, respectively, on the testing set. Categories of identification AUC were 0.84, 0.85, and 0.83 for benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumours, respectively. In the confusion matrix, the classifier models of Clinic_Sig and Rad_Sig could not recognise borderline ovarian tumours. However, the proportions of borderline and malignant ovarian tumours identified by DLR_Sig were the highest at 54.55% and 63.27%, respectively. Conclusions: The three-class prediction model of US-based DLR_Sig can discriminate between benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumours. Therefore, it may guide clinicians in determining the differential management of patients with ovarian tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell fate determination in mammalian development is complex and precisely controlled and accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms are crucially involved. N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a recently identified modification of messenger RNA (mRNA); however, its functions are still elusive in mammalian. Here, we show that N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)‐mediated ac4C modification promotes ectoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by acetylating nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) mRNA to enhance translation efficiency (TE). Acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (acRIP‐seq) revealed that levels of ac4C modification were higher in ectodermal neuroepithelial progenitor (NEP) cells than in hESCs or mesoendoderm cells. In addition, integrated analysis of acRIP‐seq and ribosome profiling sequencing revealed that NAT10 catalysed ac4C modification to improve TE in NEP cells. RIP‐qRT‐PCR analysis identified an interaction between NAT10 and NR2F1 mRNA in NEP cells and NR2F1 accelerated the nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm translocation of yes‐associated protein 1, which contributed to ectodermal differentiation of hESCs. Collectively, these findings point out the novel regulatory role of ac4C modification in the early ectodermal differentiation of hESCs and will provide a new strategy for the treatment of neuroectodermal defects diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary thromboembolism caused by thrombi blocking major pulmonary artery and its branches, is a frequently encountered phenomenon and an important cause of high morbidity and mortality in lung diseases and may develop into persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway had been reported participated in the formation and development of PH by promoting inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NF‐κB activation on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in acute pulmonary microthromboembolism (APMTE) rats. Rats were randomized into five groups. APMTE group received jugular vein injection of autologous thrombus, while control group rats received normal saline injection. Pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were measured through ECHO‐guided transthoracic puncture. Pulmonary vascular morphological changes were analyzed by HE. The expression changes of NF‐κB and serum TNF‐α、IL‐1β levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression of the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway including p‐IκBα, p‐p38 MAPK, p‐NF‐κB p65, IκBα, p38 MAPK, and NF‐κB p65 was determined using western blot analysis. Compared with control group, the expression of NF‐κB in lung tissue and the levels of serum TNF‐α and IL‐1β rats were higher, a significant reduction in IκBα and elevation in the phosphorylation of IκBα, p38 MAPK, and NF‐κB p65 were found in APMTE group rats. And UK administration reversed the APMTE‐induced increase in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, p‐IκBα, p‐MAPK, and p‐NF‐κB protein. Furthermore, the levels of NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β were positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery. And the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were positively correlated with NF‐κB. These findings suggest that the activation of MAPK/NF‐κB pathway as a critical driver of increasing TNF‐α and IL‐1β level in APMTE rats and UK exerted protective effects against APMTE‐induced PH may be related to the downregulation of the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brain often switches freely between focused attention and divergent thinking, and the Default Mode Network (DMN) is activated during brain rest. Since its discovery, the DMN, together with its function and characteristics, indicates that learning does not stop when the brain "rests". Therefore, DMN plays an important role in learning. Neural activities such as beta wave rhythm regulation, "subconscious" divergence thinking mode initiation, hippocampal function, and neural replay occur during default mode, all of which explains that "rest" promotes learning. This paper summarized the function and neural mechanism of DMN in learning and proposed that the DMN plays an essential role in learning, which is that it enables rest to promote learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Anti-stripping Agents" or "adhesion promoters" can enhance the chemical affinity between asphalt and aggregate by increasing their mutual attraction. Various forms of anti-stripping agents have been proposed to mitigate pavement stripping, and siloxane-based Zychotherm is one of them. Choosing the appropriate type and dose of anti-stripping additives is no doubt vital to the intended performance. Therefore, it is critically important to determine the dose of the additives used in the modification of asphalt binders. This research developed a feasible detection method that can closely measure the dose (0.05% and 0.1%) of siloxane-based anti-stripping liquid agents. Related test methods, including heat combustion test, residue visualization, burning, and ignition, were implemented. The heat combustion results showed that with the addition of the Zychotherm anti-stripping additive, the average heat combustion value decreased by 1.34% and 1.72% for 0.05% and 0.1% Zychotherm-modified binder, respectively. In the burning and ignition process, the modified binder left yellowish substances in the residue, which is an indication of the presence of Zychotherm. The weight of the yellowish residue related more to the quantity of Zychotherm in the asphalt binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular robots can adapt to different production needs and working conditions. However, the complexity of structures and the choice of driving modes limit the development of modularization. In this paper, a robot joint module with a universal joint configuration driven by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is proposed, which has 2-DOFs. For lightweight, the main body of the module is made of polylactic acid materials. SMA wires are used as the actuator due to the advantages of large output displacement, high mass-to-energy ratio, and low activation voltage. Adopting antagonistically arranged SMA wires and bias springs combination method increases the recovery speed and driving angles. A locking device is creatively proposed to avoid the influence of self-biasing spring compression. The detailed kinematic model of the module is established. A proportional integral differential controller is used to precisely control module movements, and the attitude angle sensor is used as the monitoring device. Through the maximum rotation angles and trajectory tracking movement experiments, the module is tested comprehensively, and the results show that the module has good movement characteristics and control precision. In addition, analyzing the tracking performance of the module in the time domain shows that the module has a relatively fast tracking speed. This module is beneficial to the research of configurations, actuators, and controls of modular robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a case of missed action of microcomputer protection for traction power supply under fault conditions. It conducts an in-depth study on the causes of missed action through analysis of locomotive protection and microcomputer protection from multiple angles and for the whole system. It analyzes the vehicle mechanism, the catenary, the fixed values of traction protection, the matching logic of fixed values, and the operation situation of primary and secondary equipment, through such methods as calculation, logical deduction and simulation testing. On this basis, it identifies the causes of missed action through analysis, and corrects the existing problems in operation. Moreover, it provides theoretical support for operation and maintenance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumour of the digestive system, yet there is a lack of reported prognostic biomarkers for STAD patients. Methods: Transcriptomic expression data of STAD from GEO database, single cell sequencing data from OMIX gastric cancer database. Conservative molecular typing of gastric cancer was constructed using non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF). The abundance of 28 immune cells in the tumour samples was assessed using ssGSEA. The R package "oncoPredict" was used to predict chemotherapy response. TIDE website for immunotherapy response prediction. Finally, single cell analysis was performed to clarify the specific type annotation of STAD cells and to analysis their spatial expression. Results: Hypoxia‐score demonstrated excellent prognostic discrimination in TCGA gastric cancer samples. Among multiple deconvolution‐based algorithms for immune infiltration, Hypoxia‐score presented a general immunosuppressive efficacy across multiple datasets, as evidenced by a broad negative correlation with immune cell infiltration. By the likelihood that each group may have specific drug sensitivity to multiple chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. Results showed that high‐risk scoring patients were more sensitive to Staurosporine, Sabutoclax, and AZD8055, while low‐risk patients were more sensitive to Bortezomib, Dactinomycin, Docetaxel, Daporinad, Sepantronium, and bromide. In the immunotherapy cohort, the Hypoxia‐score presented the ability to discriminate for immunotherapy efficacy. The distribution of Hypoxia‐score in single‐cell descending space was calculated using AddModuleScore and was found to be distributed across the various cell types annotated in the single‐cell analysis. It is suggested that various cells in the tumour microenvironment are involved in hypoxia gene set processes to varying degrees. Conclusion: The Hypoxia‐score proves to be a valuable tool for assessing the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and guiding drug treatments, providing significant guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment in the context of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common orthopedic disease with a high disability rate. The clinical effect of BuShenHuoXue decoction (BSHX) for ONFH is satisfactory. We aimed to elucidate the potential angiogenic mechanisms of BSHX in a rat femoral osteonecrosis model and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: With in vivo experiments, we established the steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) model using Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (8‐week‐old). The rats were randomly divided into five group of 12 rats each and given the corresponding interventions: control, model (gavaged with 0.9% saline), BSHX low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose groups (0.132 3, 0.264 6, and 0.529 2 g/mL BSHX solution by gavage). After 12 weeks, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was preformed to evaluate rat osteonecrosis. the expression of angiogenic factors (CD31, VEGFA, KDR, VWF) in rat femoral head was detected by immunohistochemistry, qPCR and western blotting. In cell experiment, BMSCs were isolated and cultured in the femoral bone marrow cavity of 4‐week‐old SD rats. BMSCs were randomly divided into eight groups and intervened with different doses of BSHX‐containing serum and glucocorticoids: control group (CG); BSHX low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups (CG + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavage rat serum); dexamethasone (Dex) group; and Dex + BSHX low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups (Dex + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavaged rat serum), the effects of BSHX‐containing serum on the angiogenic capacity of BMSCs were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. A co‐culture system of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) and BMSCs was then established. Migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs were observed using angiogenesis and transwell assay. Identification of potential targets of BSHX against ONFH was obtained using network pharmacology. Results: BSHX upregulated the expression of CD31, VEGFA, KDR, and VWF in rat femoral head samples and BMSCs (p < 0.05, vs. control group or model group). Different concentrations of BSHX‐containing serum significantly ameliorated the inhibition of CD31, VEGFA, KDR and VWF expression by high concentrations of Dex. BSHX‐containing serum‐induced BMSCs promoted the migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs, reversed to some extent the adverse effect of Dex on microangiogenesis in RAOECs, and increased the number of microangiogenic vessels. Furthermore, we identified VEGFA, COL1A1, COL3A1, and SPP1 as important targets of BSHX against ONFH. Conclusion: BSHX upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors in the femoral head tissue of ONFH model rats and promoted the angiogenic capacity of rat RAOECs and BMSCs. This study provides an important basis for the use of BSHX for ONFH prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular physical activity is an effective means to enhance university students' subjective well-being. However, current research needs to understand how physical activity enhances the subjective well-being of Chinese university students. Therefore, the study investigated the mechanism of physical activity's impact on university students' subjective well-being and the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and resilience in this mechanism. Methods: The physical activity scale, subjective well-being scale, cognitive reappraisal scale and resilience scale were used to investigate 1350 university students, and the relationship between physical activity, cognitive reappraisal, resilience and university students' subjective well-being was verified through correlation analysis, regression analysis and a Bootstrap method. Results: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between physical activity, cognitive reappraisal, resilience and university students' subjective well-being (p < 0.01); (2) physical activity, cognitive reappraisal and resilience all have a significant positive effects on university students' subjective well-being (p < 0.01); (3) cognitive reappraisal and resilience have significant mediating roles in the process of physical activity affecting university students' well-being, with mediating-effect values of 0.052 and 0.285; (4) the chain-mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and resilience in the process of physical activity affecting university students' well-being is significant, with the chain-mediating effect value of 0.062. Conclusion: Promoting university students' participation in physical activity not only directly enhances university students' subjective well-being but also indirectly improves university students' subjective well-being through cognitive reappraisal and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods for estimating output property of the photovoltaic (PV) modules are strongly influenced by the selection of reference condition and transforming equations, which determine the calculated physical parameters under real operating conditions. The differences in the carrier transport properties of PV cells under varying operating conditions, such as the number and velocity of minority carriers at the junction edge and their recombination speed, lead to large deviations in the estimation of the output characteristics, especially under low irradiance conditions. To enhance the accuracy of performance estimation, we propose an improved method that is independent of reference condition. This method eliminates the impact of reference conditions and improves the transformation equations under all irradiance levels. Transformation equations of single diode model are established in different irradiance intervals based on the dependence of physical parameter on irradiance and temperature. Especially in the low irradiance range, all effects of irradiance and temperature are considered for each physical parameter in improved transformation equations. To optimize the unknown parameters in the transformation equations, the artificial hummingbird algorithm is used to fit experimental I–V data. The experimental results of six different types PV modules under a wide range of operating conditions are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method offers immediate benefits, including independence from reference condition and a more precise relationship between physical parameters and environmental factors in the estimation of PV output properties. Comparing the results to the traditional method by Laudani, the proposed method demonstrates superior capability in estimating I–V characteristics and accurately identifies the maximum power point under various operating conditions, which is of significant value for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on survey data from Chinese households, this study uses a fixed effects model to examine the impact of car ownership on household energy consumption. The results show that car purchases lead to a significant 46% increase in household energy consumption costs. Purchasing cars leads to a 108% increase in household transportation expenditure (including gasoline expenditure), showing a significant direct effect, while heating costs increase by 17.1%, 12.0%, and 23.3%, respectively, representing an indirect effect. Furthermore, in regions with rapid EV growth, EVs have alleviated the promotion of cars in energy consumption, which is conducive to achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. This study helps provide measures to reduce future household energy consumption and promote the realization of carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Several surgical risk models are widely utilized in general surgery to predict postoperative morbidity. However, no studies have been undertaken to examine the predictive efficacy of these models in biliary tract cancer patients, and other perioperative variables can also influence morbidity. As a result, the study's goal was to examine these models alone, as well as risk models combined with disease-specific factors, in predicting severe complications. Methods: A retrospective study of 129 patients was carried out. Data on demographics, surgery, and outcomes were gathered. These model equations were used to determine the morbidity risks. Severe morbidity was defined as the complication comprehensive index = 40. Results: Severe morbidity was observed in 25% (32/129) patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that four parameters [comprehensive risk score =1, T stage, albumin decrease value, and international normalized ratio (INR)] had a significant influence on the probability of major complications. The area under the curve (AUC) of combining the four parameters was assessed as having strong predictive value and was superior to the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress System (E-PASS) alone (the AUC value was 0.858 vs. 0.724, p = 0.0375). The AUC for the modified E-PASS (mE-PASS) and Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) in patients over the age of 70 was classified as no predictive value (p = 0.217 and p = 0.063, respectively). Conclusion: The mE-PASS and POSSUM models are ineffective in predicting postoperative morbidity in patients above the age of 70. In biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients undergoing radical operation, a combination of E-PASS and perioperative parameters generates a reasonable prediction value for severe complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph-based neural networks and unsupervised pre-trained models are both cutting-edge text representation methods, given their outstanding ability to capture global information and contextualized information, respectively. However, both representation methods meet obstacles to further performance improvements. On one hand, graph-based neural networks lack knowledge orientation to guide textual interpretation during global information interaction. On the other hand, unsupervised pre-trained models imply rich semantic and syntactic knowledge which lacks sufficient induction and expression. Therefore, how to effectively integrate graph-based global information and unsupervised contextualized semantic and syntactic information to achieve better text representation is an important issue pending for solution. In this paper, we propose a representation method that deeply integrates Unsupervised Semantics and Syntax into heterogeneous Graphs (USS-Graph) for inductive text classification. By constructing a heterogeneous graph whose edges and nodes are totally generated by knowledge from unsupervised pre-trained models, USS-Graph can harmonize the two perspectives of information under a bidirectionally weighted graph structure and thereby realizing the intra-fusion of graph-based global information and unsupervised contextualized semantic and syntactic information. Based on USS-Graph, we also propose a series of optimization measures to further improve the knowledge integration and representation performance. Extensive experiments conducted on benchmark datasets show that USS-Graph consistently achieves state-of-the-art performances on inductive text classification tasks. Additionally, extended experiments are conducted to deeply analyze the characteristics of USS-Graph and the effectiveness of our proposed optimization measures for further knowledge integration and information complementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Cervical hyperextension injury is very frequent with anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) injury, and the ligament damage has a remarkable effect on whether and what type of operation should be performed. This study aims to establish a new scoring system for the accurate diagnosis of ALL damage. Methods: The imaging data of the consecutive patients was measured and scored by four radiologists. Intraoperative exploration was performed by three surgeons. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR and aOR) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were constructed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the scoring system. Results: A total of 255 patients with cervical spine trauma were included in this study. There was no statistical difference in the relationship between demographics and ALL injuries (P > 0.05). Thickness of prevertebral soft tissue (aOR = 11.922, P = 0.004), intervertebral disk angle (aOR = 13.21, P = 0.002), avulsion fracture of the anterior edge of the vertebral body (aOR = 13.844, P = 0.029), ALL disrupted in T1-weighted sequence (aOR = 18.349, P < 0.001), and high signal area in T2-weighted sequence (aOR = 20.898, P = 0.002) had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy. The scoring system's sensitivity and specificity were 94.0% and 88.1%, respectively, and the accuracy was 90.8%. Conclusion: The study established a new scoring system for ALL injuries based on the analysis of a series of clinical data and statistics. A total of five scoring items, a total score of 7 points, and an ALL injury may be diagnosed when the score is not less than 3 points. This scoring system enables an efficient and accurate diagnosis of all injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of macroprudential policies on the nexus between economic uncertainty and bank risk in emerging Asian economies. We construct our index of economic uncertainty by applying the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH)-in-mean model to a series of important macroeconomic variables, and borrow macroprudential policy indices from Cerutti et al. (2017) and Alam et al. (2019). Using bank-level panel data from approximately 600 commercial banks in 11 emerging Asian economies during the period 2000–2016, we find consistent evidence that bank risk increases with economic uncertainty, while macroprudential measures play an ameliorative role in uncertainty-induced bank risk. Our baseline findings are largely driven by macroprudential measures that aim to dampen the credit cycle more than those that target increasing the resilience of the banking sector. Our further analyses of the heterogeneous impacts of macroprudential measures by specific type on the risk of banks show that liquidity-based instruments, reserve requirements and currency instruments play a more conspicuous role in the economic uncertainty‒bank risk nexus than capital-based and asset-side macroprudential instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystallinity of polyethylene has been extensively studied, but in situ experiments designed to investigate the crystallization of PE and XLPE have hardly been discussed. In this work, the crystallization behavior of PE and XLPE was investigated by designing in situ crystallization observation experiments. We have compared the crystallinity, crosslinking, viscosity properties, and gas byproducts of different XLPE insulating materials. COMSOL simulations demonstrate that the DTAP and DTBP crosslinker initiated crosslinks have better insulating properties and cable stability than the DTBC and DTBTMC crosslinkers. The formation of an insulation layer initiated by the DTAP crosslinker is beneficial for improving the breakdown strength, processing performance, and stable operation of cables. Our work is of great significance for understanding the crystallinity of XLPE and determining the correct crosslinker. Highlights: In situ crystallization observation of PE and XLPE.Simulation of ultra‐high voltage cables.Finite element analysis.Investigation of gas byproducts in XLPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]