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Aims. We seek to understand how the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde absorption line is distributed in the MON R2, S156, DR17/L906, and M17/M18 regions. More specifically, we look for the relationship among the H2CO, 12CO, and 13CO spectral lines. Methods. The four regions of MON R2 (60' × 90'), S156 (50' × 70' ), DR17/L906 (40' × 60'), and M17/M18 (70' × 80') were observed for H2CO (beam 10'), H110α recombination (beam 10'), 6 cm continuum (beam 10'), 12CO (beam 1'), and 13CO (beam 1'). We compared the H2CO, 12CO, 13CO, and continuum distributions, and also the spectra line parameters of H2CO, 12CO, and 13CO. Column densities of H2CO, 13CO, and H2 were also estimated. Results. We found out that the H2CO distribution is similar to the 12CO and the 13CO distributions on a large scale. The correlation between the 13CO and the H2CO distributions is better than between the 12CO and H2CO distributions. The H2CO and the 13CO tracers systematically provide consistent views of the dense regions. Their maps have similar shapes, sizes, peak positions, and molecular spectra and present similar central velocities and line widths. Such good agreement indicates that the H2CO and the 13CO arise from similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a solution route and annealed in O2, air, and Ar, respectively. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the samples possess typical wurtzite structure and have no other impurity phases. Magnetization loops for ZnO samples were measured and clearly show typical ferromagnetic saturation behavior. With the defect analysis based on photoluminescence spectroscopy, the effect of defects on the nature and origin of ferromagnetism was investigated. The results suggest that oxygen vacancies, especially single ionized oxygen vacancies, play a crucial role in mediating ferromagnetism in the Ni doped ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract   Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) ORF 51 (Bm51) is a gene present in many lepidopteran NPVs, but its function is unknown. In this study, Bm51 was characterized. Transcripts of Bm51 were detected from 4.5 through 72 hour post infection (h p.i.) by RT-PCR. The corresponding protein was detected from 6 to 72 h p.i. in BmNPV-infected BmN cells by western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody against Bm51. Western blot assay of occlusion-derived virus and budded virus (BV) preparations revealed that Bm51 encodes a 23-kDa structural protein that is associated with BV and is located in the envelope fraction of budded virions. The protein was temporarily called BV-E23. In addition immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the protein was present within the cytoplasm and nuclei in virus-infected cells. In conclusion, the available data suggest that Bm51 is a functional ORF of BmNPV and encodes a protein expressed in the early stage of the infection cycle that is associated with the BV envelope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present observations of the C-band 110–111 (4.8 GHz) and Ku-band 211–212 (14.5 GHz) K-doublet lines of H2CO and the C-band 110–111 (4.6 GHz) line of H213CO toward a large sample of Galactic molecular clouds, through the Shanghai Tianma 65 m radio telescope (TMRT). Our sample with 112 sources includes strong H2CO sources from the TMRT molecular line survey at C-band and other known H2CO sources. All three lines are detected toward 38 objects (43 radial velocity components) yielding a detection rate of 34%. Complementary observations of their continuum emission at both C- and Ku-bands were performed. Combining spectral line parameters and continuum data, we calculate the column densities, the optical depths and the isotope ratio H212CO/H213CO for each source. To evaluate photon trapping caused by sometimes significant opacities in the main isotopologue’s rotational mm-wave lines connecting our measured K-doublets, and to obtain 12C/13C abundance ratios, we used the RADEX non-LTE model accounting for radiative transfer effects. This implied the use of the new collision rates from Wiesenfeld & Faure. Also implementing distance values from trigonometric parallax measurements for our sources, we obtain a linear fit of 12C/13C = (5.08 ± 1.10)DGC + (11.86 ± 6.60), with a correlation coefficient of 0.58. DGC refers to Galactocentric distances. Our 12C/13C ratios agree very well with the ones deduced from CN and C18O but are lower than those previously reported on the basis of H2CO, tending to suggest that the bulk of the H2CO in our sources was formed on dust grain mantles and not in the gas phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]