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This retrospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of surgical crown reattachment in the treatment of complicated crown-root fractures in permanent teeth in 35 patients. Treatments were defined as follows: surgical crown reattachment combined with internal fixation with a fiber-reinforced core post, ostectomy, and reattachment of the original crown fragment. Patients were examined to record the periodontal pocket depth (PD), marginal bone loss, tooth migration, and coronal fragment looseness or loss. In most cases, the fracture lines on the palatal aspect were located below the alveolar crest. About 20% to 30% of teeth had periodontal pockets ≥ 3 mm present at least 1 year after surgery. Significant PD differences were observed between the traumatized teeth and adjacent untraumatized teeth at 6 months. The available evidence suggests that surgical crown reattachment is a feasible and effective technique for managing complicated crown-root fractures in permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-metalloid clusters in Zintl chemistry have been extensively studied due to their unique electronic structures and potential applications. In this work, we explored a series of actinide endohedral inter-metalloid clusters of the group 15 elements [An@Bi12]4− (An = Th–U) and [An@Sb12]4− using density functional theory (DFT). [Th@Bi12]4− and [U@Bi12]4− exhibit Cs symmetry, while [Pa@Bi12]4− and [An@Sb12]4− (An = Th–U) have C1 structures. Bonding analyses such as bond order, molecular orbitals (MO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) show covalent An–Bi/An–Sb bonding in the clusters. All these clusters are highly stable according to the studied formation reactions and may be accessible experimentally. Compared with [An@Bi12]4−, [An@Sb12]4− possesses stronger bonding interactions, mainly arising from the higher electrostatic interaction energy. For clusters with the same group 15 elements, the bonding interactions increase gradually from Th to U, which is mainly determined by the covalent interactions of An–Bi/An–Sb bonding. This work is expected to provide potential avenues for the construction of robust inter-metalloid clusters of the group 15 elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency tend to exhibit subtle manifestations at the beginning. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) is a sensitive indicator for early assessment of renal function. However, it is unclear whether it serves as an independent risk factor influencing the prognosis of RA patients. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2009-2018 were included. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves were plotted to compare the cumulative survival probability of RA patients with different urinary albumin excretion. The association of ACR with mortality among RA patients was investigated with Cox regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and stratified analyses. The prognostic efficacy of ACR and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The Cox regression model adjusted with covariates showed a 53% (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06-2.21) increase in all-cause mortality and a statistically nonsignificant increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in RA patients with microalbuminuria (30mg/g ≤ACR<300mg/g). ACR≥300mg/g was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.55-4.45) and CVD mortality (HR 5.67, 95% CI 1.96-16.39). RCS demonstrated a nonlinear correlation between ACR and all-cause mortality in RA patients with microalbuminuria. Subgroup analysis showed that CVD mortality was higher in RA patients with microalbuminuria characterized by the following features: female, other ethnicity, eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Compared with eGFR, ACR provided better prognostic efficacy than eGFR with higher values of the area under the curve (AUC) for all-cause mortality (AUC=0.683, 95% CI 0.613-0.754) and CVD mortality (AUC=0.681, 95% CI 0.541-0.820). Conclusion: ACR is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of RA patients. The all-cause mortality was increased in RA patients with albuminuria. There was an upward trend in the CVD mortality of those with macroalbuminuria when ACR increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently coexists with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which poses challenges in detecting central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and determining optimal surgical management. Our study aimed to identify the independent predictors for CLNM in PTC patients with HT and develop a comprehensive prediction model for individualized clinical decision-making. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 242 consecutive PTC patients who underwent thyroid surgery and central lymph node dissection between February 2019 and December 2021 were included. 129 patients with HT were enrolled as the case group and 113 patients without HT as control. The results of patients' general information, laboratory examination, ultrasound features, pathological evaluation, and BRAF mutation were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors, and the prediction model and nomogram were developed for PTC patients with HT. The performance of the model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve. In addition, the impact of the factor BRAF mutation was further evaluated. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that gender (OR = 8.341, P = 0.013, 95% CI: 1.572, 44.266), maximum diameter (OR = 0.316, P = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.113, 0.888), multifocality (OR = 3.238, P = 0.010, 95% CI: 1.319, 7.948), margin (OR = 2.750, P = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.020, 7.416), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TR-Ab) (OR = 0.054, P = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.374) were identified as independent predictors for CLNM in PTC patients with HT. The area under the curve of the model was 0.82, with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 77.5%, 80.3% and 75.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the model showed satisfactory performance in the internal validation. Moreover, the results revealed that BRAF mutation cannot further improve the efficacy of the prediction model. Conclusion: Male, maximum diameter > 10mm, multifocal tumors, irregular margin, and lower TR-Ab level have significant predictive value for CLNM in PTC patients with HT. Meanwhile, BRAF mutation may not have a valuable predictive role for CLNM in these cases. The nomogram constructed offers a convenient and valuable tool for clinicians to determine surgical decision and prognostication for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects millions of people worldwide, but there are limited drugs available to treat it, so acquiring a more comprehensive comprehension of the underlying reasons and mechanisms behind inflammation is crucial, as well as developing novel therapeutic approaches to manage it and mitigate or forestall associated harm. It is evident that current in vitro models cannot faithfully replicate all aspects of joint diseases, which makes them ineffective as tools for disease research and drug testing. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology is an innovative platform that can mimic the microenvironment and physiological state of living tissues more realistically than traditional methods by simulating the spatial arrangement of cells and interorgan communication. This technology allows for the precise control of fluid flow, nutrient exchange, and the transmission of physicochemical signals, such as bioelectrical, mechanical stimulation and shear force. In addition, the integration of cutting-edge technologies like sensors, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence enhances the capabilities of these models. Here, we delve into OoC models with a particular focus on Synovial Joints-on-a-Chip, where we outline their structure and function, highlighting the potential of the model to advance our understanding of RA. We integrate the actual evidence regarding various OoC models and their possible integration for multisystem disease study in RA research for the first time and introduce the prospects and opportunities of the chip in RA etiology and pathological mechanism research, drug research, disease prevention and human precision medicine. Although many challenges remain, OoC holds great promise as an in vitro model that approaches physiology and dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult central nervous system (CNS) neurons down-regulate growth programs after injury, leading to persistent regeneration failure. Coordinated lipids metabolism is required to synthesize membrane components during axon regeneration. However, lipids also function as cell signaling molecules. Whether lipid signaling contributes to axon regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we showed that lipin1 orchestrates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and STAT3 signaling pathways to determine axon regeneration. We established an mTOR-lipin1-phosphatidic acid/lysophosphatidic acid-mTOR loop that acts as a positive feedback inhibitory signaling, contributing to the persistent suppression of CNS axon regeneration following injury. In addition, lipin1 knockdown (KD) enhances corticospinal tract (CST) sprouting after unilateral pyramidotomy and promotes CST regeneration following complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Furthermore, lipin1 KD enhances sensory axon regeneration after SCI. Overall, our research reveals that lipin1 functions as a central regulator to coordinate mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways in the CNS neurons and highlights the potential of lipin1 as a promising therapeutic target for promoting the regeneration of motor and sensory axons after SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Low ground temperature is a major factor limiting overwintering in cucumber cultivation facilities in northern alpine regions. Lower temperatures in the root zone directly affect the physiological function of the root system, which in turn affects the normal physiological activity of plants. However, the importance of the ground temperature in facilities has not attracted sufficient attention. Methods: Therefore, this study tested the cucumber variety Jinyou 35 under three root zone temperatures (room temperature, 20-22°C; suboptimal temperature, 13-15°C; and low temperature, 8-10°C) to investigated possible cold resistance mechanisms in the root of cucumber seedlings through hormone, metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses. Results and discussion: The results showed that cucumber roots were subjected to chilling stress at different temperatures. Hormone analysis indicated that auxin content was highest in the roots. Jasmonic acid and strigolactone participated in the low-temperature stress response. Auxin and jasmonate are key hormones that regulate the response of cucumber roots to low temperatures. Phenolic acid was the most abundant metabolite in cucumber roots under chilling stress. Additionally, triterpenes may play an important role in chilling resistance. Differentially expressed genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in the room temperature vs. suboptimal temperature groups and the room temperature vs. low temperature groups. Most differentially expressed transcription factor genes in AP2/ERF were strongly induced in cucumber roots by both suboptimal and low-temperature stress conditions. These results provide guidance for the cultivation of cucumber in facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of tea polyphenols (TP) and medicinal plant mixtures (Astragalus membranaceus + Lonicera japonica, Rheum officinale Bail + Scutellaria baicalensis + Platycladus orientalis) combined with astaxanthin (AST), benzoic acid (BA), and yeast complex on the health status of Eriocheir sinensis. Method: A total of 630 crabs (male crabs: 41.51 ± 1.63 g; female crabs: 47.27 ± 0.79 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups with three replicates (male: female, 1:1). These crabs were fed as follows for 8 weeks: basal diet (M1), M2 (M1 + 100 mg/kg TP), M3 (M1 + 2.0 g/kg A. membranaceus + 20 g/kg L. japonica), M4 (M1 + 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail + 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis + 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis), and M5, M6, M7 (M2, M3 and M4 with 600 mg/kg AST +1.0 g/kg BA + 20 mg/kg yeast complex added, respectively). Results and discussion: The results showed that the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysosome (LZM) in the hemolymph were significantly increased in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), and the highest phagocytosis index (PI) and LZM activity were observed in M7 of female crabs. Moreover, the antioxidant indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) of hepatopancreas were also significantly improved in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, a morphological examination also showed the improved histological structure of hepatopancreas in M7, especially as seen in the clear lumens, no vacuolation, and integrity of the basal membrane of the hepatopancreatic tubule. Taken together, these results suggested that 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail, 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis, and 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis in combination with 600 mg/kg AST, 1.0 g/kg BA, and 20 mg/kg yeast complex could improve the non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and hepatopancreatic health of E. sinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The causal relationship and mechanisms between lipids and glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the independent causal relationship between liposomal phosphatidylcholine 16:0_22:6 (PC16) and GBM, and to identify the potential mediating role of the inflammatory factor-fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21). Methods: Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of lipids (179 types in 7174 Finnish individuals), GBM (243 cases and 287137 controls), and inflammatory factors (91 types in 14824 European individuals), a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach was employed to establish the causal link between liposomal PC16 and GBM. Additionally, a two-step MR method was used to quantify the proportion of the causal effect of PC16 on GBM that is mediated by the inflammatory factor FGF21. Results: MR analyses revealed a strong causal relationship between PC16 and GBM (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.11-2.68, P=0.016), but no reverse causality was observed from GBM to PC16 (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02, P=0.38). Mediation analysis showed a strong causal relationship between PC16 and the FGF21 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, P=0.018) as well as between FGF21 and GBM (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.71, P=0.001), with the mediation effect accounting for 9.78% of the total effect. This suggests that the causal relationship between PC16 and GBM is likely mediated by the intermediary factor FGF21. No evidence of pleiotropy was found in the sensitivity analysis of these positive results. Conclusion: In summary, the findings of this study suggest that liposomal PC16 may increase the risk of GBM occurrence, and FGF21 may play a significant mediating role in this causal relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural development and restructuring are critical steps toward achieving optimal spatial adjustment for regional and rural revitalization. Using the rural regional system and the TOPSIS model supported by the entropy value method, this study analyzed the model of rural development and spatial restructuring in the study area from 2000 to 2020. The study examined the exchange and change and discussed the internal logical correlation and role relation among them. The results indicated that: (1) During the study period, the level of rural development in the study area increased considerably. The rural regional function shifted from a lower level of homogenous development to a higher level of diversified development, which are important features of the evolution of economic and social development levels. (2) Spatial restructuring was characterized by temporal continuity and non-linearity of stages. The overall shape transformed from "dispersion-homogeneity-differentiation." (3) The coupling coordination degree of the two subsystems showed a constant rise to a low level, with apparent temporal heterogeneity. The type of coupling coordination became a benign optimizing direction with a significant level of heterogeneity. Rural revitalization depends on the coupling and coordination among economic, social, ecological, and spatial systems. The research results provide baseline information to decipher the path of rural revitalization at various degrees of coupling and promoting sustainable rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of different single and combined preadmission antihypertensive drug regimens on the prognosis of critically ill patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. All initial ICU admission records of patients with hypertension and previous antihypertensive exposure before ICU admission were included. Our primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics. Logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to determine the independent effect of different single and combined antihypertensive drug regimens on 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 13,142 patients were included in the final analysis. The 90-day mortality rate in the combined groups is lower than that in the single therapy group (10.94% vs 11.12%), but no statistical significance was found in the original cohort (p = 0.742). After adjustment for potential confounders, the significantly decreased 90-day mortality rate was found in the combined groups (10.78% vs 12.65%, p = 0.004 in PSM; 10.34% vs 11.90%, p = 0.007). Patients who were exposed to either ACEIs or ARBs had a better prognosis than those not exposed (7.19% vs 17.08%, p < 0.001 in single antihypertensive groups; 8.14% vs18.91%, p < 0.001 in combined antihypertensive groups). The results keep robustness in the PSM and IPTW cohorts. In the logistic regression model analysis, combined therapy was associated with a 12%-20% reduced risk of 90-day death after adjusting potential confounders (OR 0.80-0.88, all p < 0.05), while exposure to ACEIs or ARBs was associated with the decreased risk of 90-day death by 52%-62% (OR 0.38-0.48, all p < 0.001) and 40%-62% (OR 0.38-0.60, all p < 0.001) in the single and combined therapy groups, respectively. The results were still robust to subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Pre-admission combined antihypertensive therapy is associated with a significantly lower risk of death than exposure to single antihypertensives in critically ill patients. Meanwhile, either ACEIs or ARBs seem to be the optimal candidates for both single and combined therapy. Further high-quality trials are needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology is the consequence of evolution and adaptation. Escherichia coli is rod-shaped bacillus with regular dimension of about 1.5 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. Many shape-related genes have been identified and used in morphology engineering of this bacteria. However, little is known about if specific metabolism and metal irons could modulate bacteria morphology. Here in this study, we discovered filamentous shape change of E. coli cells overexpressing pigeon MagR, a putative magnetoreceptor and extremely conserved iron-sulfur protein. Comparative transcriptomic analysis strongly suggested that the iron metabolism change and iron accumulation due to the overproduction of MagR was the key to the morphological change. This model was further validated, and filamentous morphological change was also achieved by supplement E. coli cells with iron in culture medium or by increase the iron uptake genes such as entB and fepA. Our study extended our understanding of morphology regulation of bacteria, and may also serves as a prototype of morphology engineering by modulating the iron metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding delay-induced predator-prey systems, extensive research has focused on the phenomenon of delayed destabilization. However, the question of whether delays contribute to stabilizing or destabilizing the system remains a subtle one. In this paper, the predator-prey interaction with discrete delay involving Ivlev-type functional response is studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The positivity and boundedness of the solution for the delayed model have been discussed. When time delay is accounted as a bifurcation parameter, stability analysis for the coexistence equilibrium is given in theoretical aspect. Supercritical Hopf bifurcation is detected by numerical simulation. Interestingly, by choosing suitable groups of parameter values, the chaotic solutions appear via a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations, which is also detected. The theoretical analysis and numerical conclusions demonstrate that the delay mechanism plays a crucial role in the exploration of chaotic solutions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The alterations of the functional network (FN) in anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis have been recognized by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, few studies using the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been performed to explore the possible FN changes in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In this study, the aim was to explore any FN changes in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods: Twenty-nine anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were assessed using 19-channel EEG examination. For each participant, five 10-second epochs of resting state EEG with eyes closed were extracted. The cortical source signals of 84 Brodmann areas were calculated using the exact low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) inverse solution by LORETA-KEY. Phase Lag Index (PLI) matrices were then obtained and graph and relative band power (RBP) analyses were performed. Results: Compared with healthy controls, functional connectivity (FC) in the delta, theta, beta 1 and beta 2 bands significantly increased within the 84 cortical source signals of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients (p < 0.05) and scalp FC in the alpha band decreased within the 19 electrodes. Additionally, the anti-NMDAR encephalitis group exhibited higher local efficiency and clustering coefficient compared to the healthy control group in the four bands. The slowing band RBP increased while the fast band RBP decreased in multiple-lobes and some of these changes in RBP were correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. Conclusions: This study further deepens the understanding of related changes in the abnormal brain network and power spectrum of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The decreased scalp alpha FC may indicate brain dysfunction, while the increased source beta FC may indicate a compensatory mechanism for brain function in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. These findings extend understanding of how the brain FN changes from a cortical source perspective. Further studies are needed to detect correlations between altered FNs and clinical features and characterize their potential value for the management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive imaging technique for directly measuring the external magnetic field generated from synchronously activated pyramidal neurons in the brain. The optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) is known for its less expensive, non-cryogenic, movable and user-friendly custom-design provides the potential for a change in functional neuroimaging based on MEG. Methods: An array of OPMs covering the opposite sides of a subject's head is placed inside a magnetically shielded room (MSR) and responses evoked from the auditory cortices are measured. Results: High signal-to-noise ratio auditory evoked response fields (AEFs) were detected by a wearable OPM-MEG system in a MSR, for which a flexible helmet was specially designed to minimize the sensor-to-head distance, along with a set of bi-planar coils developed for background field and gradient nulling. Neuronal current sources activated in AEF experiments were localized and the auditory cortices showed the highest activities. Performance of the hybrid optically pumped magnetometer-magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (OPM-MEG/EEG) system was also assessed. Conclusions: The multi-channel OPM-MEG system performs well in a custom built MSR equipped with bi-planar coils and detects human AEFs with a flexible helmet. Moreover, the similarities and differences of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and AEFs are discussed, while the operation of OPM-MEG sensors in conjunction with EEG electrodes provides an encouraging combination for the exploration of hybrid OPM-MEG/EEG systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the economic value of mepolizumab as an add-on therapy to the standard of care (SoC) for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in China. Methods: A Markov model with three health conditions was constructed to calculate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in mepolizumab with SoC and SoC only groups from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system throughout an entire lifespan. The model was populated with local costs, while efficacy parameters were obtained from the global Phase III MENSA trial and mortality was derived from two surveys. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Additional scenario analysis was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness impact of changes in the price of mepolizumab. Results: Over the lifetime treatment horizon, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of mepolizumab plus SoC compared to SoC alone was $170 648.73 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses focused on these results. Scenario analysis showed that mepolizumab would require a price reduction of at least 82% to reach the current willingness-to-pay (WTP=$38 223.34/QALY) threshold. Conclusion: Mepolizumab is not a cost-effective healthcare resource in China at its current pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Retrospective study and analysis of the safety and efficacy of Rh-Rh-endostatinstatin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was used to enroll cervical cancer patients who received Rh-endostatin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy (observation group) or radiotherapy alone (control group) from January 2019 to December 2022 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, and RECIST 1.1 criteria were used to evaluate the recent efficacy, and the WHO Adverse Reaction Scale for Anti-cancer Drugs to evaluate the toxic and side effects. Results: The difference between PR, SD, PD, ORR and DCR of the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the CR of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The proportion of neutropenia, hypertension, arrhythmia, hemoglobin reduction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the proportion of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in other adverse reactions(P>0.05). After intervention, the CD3+, CD3-CD19+, CD16+CD56+, CEA, CY211 of both groups were significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05). After treatment, CD3+, CD3-CD19+, CD16+CD56+ were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group, and WBC and PLT were significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05). The HPV conversion rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions: Our finding revealed that Rh-endostatinstatin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy showed better clinical outcomes and favorable toxic profile than that of radiotherapy alone in the treatment of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Meige syndrome (MS) is an adult-onset segmental dystonia for which no satisfactory remedy currently exists. Our team developed a novel surgical approach called bilateral trigeminal/facial nerve combing (BTFC). This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent BFTC (Clinical Trial Registry Number: ChiCTR2000033481). Method: We assigned 22 patients with MS to undergo BTFC. The primary outcome was assessed using the movement subscale of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS-M) at 12 months postoperatively. The second outcome was evaluated using the Medical Outcome Study (MOS) 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the dysfunction subscale of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS-D), and the sub-item scores of the BFMDRS-M. Safety outcomes included the House-Brackmann (HB) functional grading score and the visual analog scale (VAS) for facial numbness. Results: At the final follow-up at 12 months, the BFMDRS-M showed a mean improvement of 70.7% frombaseline. Mean scores of the BFMDRS-M sub-motor (including the eyes, mouth, and speech/swallowing) improved by 65.6, 81.00, and 60%, respectively. The median score of the total BFMDRS-D score was 0.70 ± 1.17 compared with 1.86 ± 2.21 at baseline. There were no serious operative complications in this population. The quality of life of the patients significantly improved (P < 0.05). Conclusion: BFTC has proven to be effective in relieving the symptoms of Meige syndrome. This novel surgical approach offers a new alternative treatment for patients who have failed to respond to medications, botulinum toxin injections, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral syphilitic gumma is a rare intracranial infectious disorder. Without a clear history of syphilis and comprehensive serological examinations, it's challenging to diagnose it accurately prior to surgery through routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Advanced neuroimaging techniques have been widely used in diagnosing brain tumors, yet there's limited report on their application in cerebral syphilitic gumma. This report presents a case of an elderly male patient with cerebral syphilitic gumma and analyzes its characteristics of advanced neuroimaging. Case presentation: A 68-year-old male patient was admitted to our institution presenting with bilateral hearing loss complicated with continuing headaches without obvious cause. Laboratory tests indicated positive treponema pallidum. Conventional MRI showed nodules closely related to the adjacent meninges in bilateral temporal lobes. The patient underwent surgical resection of the nodule in the right temporal lobe due to the mass effect and the final pathological diagnosis revealed cerebral syphilitic gumma. Conclusions: With the return of syphilis in recent years, accurate diagnosis of cerebral syphilitic gumma is a matter of great urgency. Advanced neuro-MRI can serve as a significant complement to conventional MRI examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The introduction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) has marked a paradigm shift in treating Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), emphasizing the urgent need for precise molecular biomarkers to reliably forecast therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for immunochemotherapy efficacy by focusing on plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived long RNAs (exLRs). Methods: We enrolled 78 advanced LUSC patients undergoing first-line immunochemotherapy. Plasma samples were collected, and exLR sequencing was conducted to establish baseline profiles. A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 patients to identify differentially expressed exLRs. Further validation of the top differentially expressed exLRs was conducted using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Univariate Cox analysis was applied to determine the prognostic significance of these exLRs. Based on these findings, we developed a predictive signature (p-Signature). Results: In the retrospective analysis of 42 patients, we identified 460 differentially expressed exLRs, with pathways related to leukocyte migration notably enriched among non-responders. Univariate Cox analysis revealed 45 exLRs with prognostic significance. The top 6 protein-coding exLRs were validated using qRT-PCR, identifying CXCL8, SSH3, and SDHAF1 as differentially expressed between responders and non-responders. The p-Signature, comprising these three exLRs, demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing responders from non-responders, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.904 in the retrospective cohort and 0.812 in the prospective cohort. Discussion: This study highlighted the potential of plasma exLR profiles in predicting LUSC treatment efficacy. Intriguingly, lower p-Signature scores were associated with increased abundance of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, indicating a more robust immune environment. These findings suggest that the p-Signature could serve as a valuable tool in guiding personalized and effective therapeutic strategies for LUSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The question of whether a correlation exists between migraine and five psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), anorexia nervosa (AN), bipolar disorder (BIP), and schizophrenia (SCZ), remains a matter of controversy. Hence, this research aims to investigate whether there is a possible association between migraine and five psychiatric disorders. Methods: We performed a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causality between migraine and five psychiatric disorders. Genetic associations of PTSD, MDD, AN, BIP, and SCZ were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) database and genetic associations of migraine with aura and migraine without aura were obtained from the FinnGen dataset. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and MR Egger regression methods to evaluate the association of genetically predicted exposure with the risk of outcome. Results: MR demonstrated that MDD was associated with a high risk of migraine without aura (OR = 1.930578, 95% confidence interview (CI): 1.224510, 3.043550, p < 0.05), but BIP was related to a low risk of migraine without aura (OR = 0.758650, 95%CI: 0.639601, 0.899858, p < 0.05). According to the results of reverse MR, migraine with aura was associated with a high risk of BIP (OR = 1.019100, 95%CI: 1.002538, 1.035935, p < 0.05), and migraine without aura was associated with an increased risk of AN (OR = 1.055634, 95%CI: 1.023859, 1.088394, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence of the potential causal association between migraine and some psychiatric disorders. It may contribute to the prevention of migraine and some psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections in the medical and public health field in the 21st century remain significantly challenging. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful new tool in diagnosing and treating bacterial infections. AI is rapidly revolutionizing epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, providing effective early warning, prevention, and control of outbreaks. Machine learning models provide a highly flexible way to simulate and predict the complex mechanisms of pathogen-host interactions, which is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of diseases. Machine learningbased pathogen identification technology and antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing break through the limitations of traditional methods, significantly shorten the time from sample collection to the determination of result, and greatly improve the speed and accuracy of laboratory testing. In addition, AI technology application in treating bacterial infections, particularly in the research and development of drugs and vaccines, and the application of innovative therapies such as bacteriophage, provides new strategies for improving therapy and curbing bacterial resistance. Although AI has a broad application prospect in diagnosing and treating bacterial infections, significant challenges remain in data quality and quantity, model interpretability, clinical integration, and patient privacy protection. To overcome these challenges and, realize widespread application in clinical practice, interdisciplinary cooperation, technology innovation, and policy support are essential components of the joint efforts required. In summary, with continuous advancements and in-depth application of AI technology, AI will enable doctors to more effectivelyaddress the challenge of bacterial infection, promoting the development of medical practice toward precision, efficiency, and personalization; optimizing the best nursing and treatment plans for patients; and providing strong support for public health safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis has been observed to play an important role during erythrocyte differentiation (ED). However, the biological gene markers and ferroptosis mechanisms in ED remain unknown. We downloaded the datasets of ED in human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Using median differentiation time, the sample was categorized into long and short groups. The differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs) were screened using differential expression analysis. The enrichment analyses and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted. To predict the ED stage, a logistic regression model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Overall, 22 DE-FRGs were identified. Ferroptosisrelated pathways were enriched using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis revealed the primary involvement of DE-FRGs in JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTORC1, WNT, and NOTCH signaling pathways. Ten-hub DE-FRGs were obtained using PPI analysis. Furthermore, we constructed mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA-transcription factor networks. Immune cell infiltration levels differed significantly during ED. LASSO regression analysis established a signature using six DE-FRGs (ATF3, CDH2, CHAC1, DDR2, DPP4, and GDF15) related to the ED stage. Bioinformatic analyses identified ferroptosis-associated genes during ED, which were further validated. Overall, we identified ferroptosis-related genes to predict their correlations in ED. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis may help us better understand pathophysiological changes in ED and provide new evidence for clinical transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to identify plasma biomarkers that are significantly altered in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and are closely associated with AAV disease activity, as well as to explore their role in the pathogenesis of AAV. Methods: Cytokines were measured using Human Immune Response Panel 80-Plex in plasma from 59 patients with AAV and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The differentially expressed cytokines between the two groups and the possible signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of AAV were analyzed by bioinformatics. Relationship analysis was performed between these cytokines and clinical parameters to identify the biomarkers that can effectively indicate disease activity. Results: We identified 65 differentially expressed cytokines between the two groups. Among them, 43 cytokines significantly affected the risk of AAV. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 43 cytokines were primarily enriched in signaling pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, chemokine signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The levels of 25 cytokines were significantly positively correlated with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and the levels of 2 cytokines were significantly negatively correlated with BVAS. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 9 cytokines can distinguish between disease relapse and remission (PTX3: area under curve (AUC)=0.932, IL34: AUC=0.856, IL2RA: AUC=0.833, CCL23: AUC=0.826, VEGFA: AUC=0.811, TNFSF13: AUC=0.795, Granzyme A: AUC=0.788, CSF3: AUC=0.773 and IL1A: AUC=0.765). The elevated levels of these 9 cytokines suggested a risk of disease relapse. The AUC of CCL11 in disease relapse and remission was 0.811 (p=0.0116). Unlike the other 9 cytokines, a negatively association existed between CCL11 level and the risk of disease relapse. Conclusion: A group of cytokines that may be involved in AAV pathogenesis was identified. Increased PTX3, IL34, IL2RA, CCL23, and VEGFA levels correlatewith active disease in AAV and may be used as biomarkers to identify the disease relapse of AAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1), a secretory protein in the brain, plays a critical role in myelination; dysfunction of this protein leads to hypomyelination and white matter abnormalities (WMAs). Here, we hypothesized that LGI1 may regulate myelination through binding to an unidentified receptor on the membrane of oligodendrocytes (OLs). To search for this hypothetic receptor, we analyzed LGI1 binding proteins through LGI1-3 × FLAG affinity chromatography with mouse brain lysates followed by mass spectrometry. An OL-specific membrane protein, the oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein (OPALIN), was identified. Conditional knockout (cKO) of OPALIN in the OL lineage caused hypomyelination and WMAs, phenocopying LGI1 deficiency in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed the downregulation of Sox10 and Olig2, transcription factors critical for OL differentiation, further confirming the impaired OL maturation in Opalin cKO mice. Moreover, virus-mediated re-expression of OPALIN successfully restored myelination in Opalin cKO mice. In contrast, re-expression of LGI1-unbound OPALIN_K23A/D26A failed to reverse the hypomyelination phenotype. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that OPALIN on the OL membrane serves as an LGI1 receptor, highlighting the importance of the LGI1/OPALIN complex in orchestrating OL differentiation and myelination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Gesture delay in autistic infants and toddlers has been widely reported. The developmental trajectory of gesture production during early childhood is understudied. Thus, little is known about the possible changes of gesture production over time. The present study aimed to document the development of gesture production in autistic children and examine whether child-based factors (chronological age and initial language skills) predicted gesture development. Method: A total of 33 Chinese-speaking autistic children (Mage = 56.39 months, SD = 8.54 months) played with their parents at four time points over a 9-month period. Their speech was transcribed, and their gestures were coded from parent-child interaction. Multilevel modeling analysis was used to investigate the development of gesture and its associated factors. Results: The total number of gestures produced by autistic children decreased over time. Among different factors, children's initial age significantly and negatively predicted children's gesture production, while initial language positively predicted children's gesture production. Conclusions: Gesture delay persists in preschool age. The decline in gesture production was associated with children's age and initial language ability. These findings shed light on the difficulties surrounding gesture use in autistic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testicular choriocarcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy with a highly aggressive nature. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help prolong the survival of patients and even cure them. This case reports a 29-year-old male who presented to the clinic for a month with epigastric pain. On examination, a massive mass of approximately 9*10 cm could be palpated in the upper abdomen. When asked about his previous history, the patient only described a history of a right inguinal hernia that had been repaired 12 years earlier. The admission diagnosis was considered the retroperitoneal tumor, which was found to have metastasized to the liver and lungs after the completion of relevant tests. We then performed a CT-guided lune puncture biopsy on day 8 of admission. The biopsy pathology suggested metastatic cancer was considered. As the symptoms of tumor compression gradually worsened, we performed surgical treatment (retroperitoneal tumor resection + partial duodenal resection + enteroanastomosis) on day 13 of admission. The postoperative pathology was choriocarcinoma. We subsequently conducted a detailed inquiry with the patient's family about his medical history and found a history of inguinal testicle. Through testicular ultrasound examination, it was preliminarily determined to be testicular choriocarcinoma (not yet pathologically confirmed). We wanted to start salvage chemotherapy as soon as possible after surgery. However, the patient's postoperative condition was poor, with rapid progression of hepatopulmonary metastases and gradually increased thyrotoxicosis, and we started salvage chemotherapy (EP regimen: etoposide and cisplatin) on postoperative day 12. However, the patient was forced to stop due to a severe chemotherapy reaction and died of respiratory and cardiac arrest in the hospital. For male patients with retroperitoneal mass, the possibility of germ-cell neoplasm should first be excluded. By inquiring in detail about a history of cryptorchidism and in the initial days of hospitalization, testicular exploration, ultrasounds, and serum tumor markers (AFP, b-HCG) tests can be conducted to rule out the possibility of germ-cell neoplasm, thereby preventing misdiagnosis and treatment delays. If the clinical diagnosis is metastatic germ-cell tumor with severe symptoms of metastatic disease, surgery should never be used as the initial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-frequency analysis is a successfully used tool for analyzing the local features of seismic data. However, it suffers from several inevitable limitations, such as the restricted time-frequency resolution, the difficulty in selecting parameters, and the low computational efficiency. Inspired by deep learning, we suggest a deep learning-based workflow for seismic time-frequency analysis. The sparse S transform network (SSTNet) is first built to map the relationship between synthetic traces and sparse S transform spectra, which can be easily pre-trained by using synthetic traces and training labels. Next, we introduce knowledge distillation (KD) based transfer learning to re-train SSTNet by using a field data set without training labels, which is named the sparse S transform network with knowledge distillation (KD-SSTNet). In this way, we can effectively calculate the sparse time-frequency spectra of field data and avoid the use of field training labels. To test the availability of the suggested KD-SSTNet, we apply it to field data to estimate seismic attenuation for reservoir characterization and make detailed comparisons with the traditional time-frequency analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to inflammation and neuronal dysfunction. There is a need for effective strategies to mitigate these effects and improve the outcome of patients who experience SAH. The mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is an anti-inflammatory factor that induces the decay of cytokine transcripts and has been implicated in diseases such as glioma. However, the mechanism of action of TTP in EBI after SAH is unclear. The present study investigated the effects of TTP regulation via phosphorylation in a rat model of SAH by protein phosphatase (PP)2A, which is a pleiotropic enzyme complex with multiple substrate phospho-proteins. We hypothesized that inhibitory phosphorylation of TTP by PP2A would reduce neuroinflammation and apoptosis. To evaluate the function of each factor, the PP2A agonist FTY720, short interfering (si)RNAs targeting TTP and PP2A were administered to rats by intracerebroventricular injection 24 h before SAH. Rats were evaluated with SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content and by western blotting, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick-end labeling. We found that endogenous PP2A and TTP levels were increased after SAH. FTY720 induced PP2A activation would lead to dephosphorylation and activation of TTP and decreased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. SiRNA-mediated TTP knockdown abolished anti-inflammatory effects of FTY720 treatment, indicating that PP2A was associated with TTP activation in vivo. Decreased TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were associated with improvement of neurological function, reduction of brain edema, suppression of caspase-3, and up-regulation of B cell lymphoma-2. These results demonstrated that PP2A activation could enhance the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of TTP, by which it might shed light on the development of an effective therapeutic strategy against EBI following SAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current guidelines and canonical norms of diagnosis or treatment for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with sleep disorder are still conflicting and have not yet reached a consensus. This study aimed to unravel the most effective countermeasures between two categories (psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy) put forward by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) respectively to treat PTSD individuals co-exist with sleep disorders. Methods: Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and APA PsyNet, were searched from inception to February 02, 2023. Results: Twenty articles with 24 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a total number of 1,647 participants were included. As demonstrated in the network meta-analysis comparison results, CBT-I (standardized mean differences (SMD) =-1.51,95% confidence interval (CI):-2.55 to -0.47), CBT-I plus IRT (SMD=-1.71, 95%CI:-3.39, -0.03), prazosin (SMD=-0.87, 95%CI:-1.59 to -0.16) and hydroxyzine (SMD=-1.06, 95%CI: -1.94 to -0.19) significantly reduced PTSD symptoms compared with placebo. In contrast to placebo, CBT-I (SMD=-5.61, 95%CI:-8.82 to -2.40) significantly improved sleep quality. For nightmare severity, IRT (SMD=-0.65, 95%CI:-1.00 to -0.31), prazosin (SMD=-1.20, 95%CI:-1.72 to -0.67) and hydroxyzine (SMD=-0.98,95%CI:-1.58 to -0.37) significantly reduced nightmare severity in comparison with placebo. Conclusions: This study suggested that under most circumstances, psychotherapy namely CBT-I had a favorable profile, but pharmacotherapy with prazosin was effective in managing nightmare severity. The sole avail of CBT-I was recommended to improving sleep quality while CBT-I and CBT-I plus IRT showed excellent management of PTSD symptom severity. Exposure to CBT-I is recommended for depression. The relevant clinical guidelines for the management of individuals with PTSD and sleep disorders may regard this as a reference. PROSPERO: CRD42023415240. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cirrhosis is a disease that imposes a heavy burden worldwide, but its incidence varies widely by region. Therefore, we analysed data on the incidence and mortality of cirrhosis in 204 countries and territories from 1990-2019 and projected the disease development from 2019-2039. Methods: Data on the incidence and mortality of liver cirrhosis from 1990 to 2019 were acquired from the public Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In addition, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized rate (ASR) of cirrhosis in different regions were calculated. The estimates of risk factor exposure were summarized, and the proportion of causes and risk factors of liver cirrhosis and their relationship with the human development index (HDI) and socio-demographic index (SDI) were analysed. Trends in the incidence of cirrhosis in 2019-2039 were predicted using Nordpred and BAPC models. Results: Globally, the ASR of cirrhosis incidence decreased by 0.05% per year from 25.7/100,000 in 1990 to 25.3/100,000 in 2019. The mortality risk associated with cirrhosis is notably lower in females than in males (13 per 100,000 vs 25 per 100,000). The leading cause of cirrhosis shifted from hepatitis B to C. Globally, alcohol use increased by 14%. In line, alcohol use contributed to 49.3% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 48.4% of global deaths from liver cirrhosis. Countries with a low ASR in 1990 experienced a faster increase in cirrhosis, whereas in 2019, the opposite was observed. In countries with high SDI, the ASR of cirrhosis is generally lower. Finally, projections indicate that the number and incidence of cirrhosis will persistently rise from 2019-2039. Conclusions: Cirrhosis poses an increasing health burden. Given the changing etiology, there is an imperative to strengthen the prevention of hepatitis C and alcohol consumption, to achieve early reduce the incidence of cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 2022, the total length of roads in Tibet Autonomous Region reached 121,447 kilometers. Due to the unique geological conditions in Tibet, various natural disasters such as earthquakes, mudslides, landslides, avalanches, and strong winds frequently occur. Along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway alone, over 300 disasters happen each year, significantly impacting the region's economic development. This study focuses on the complexity and randomness of natural disaster mechanisms and combines Markov chain theory to improve the accuracy of prediction data for mudslides, landslides, and earth subsidence etc. The main method is to modify the state interval of the prediction model parameter-Markov chain based on the distribution of discrete points on the number axis. The following state interval division methods are proposed:(1) If the relative error of the predicted value exceeds 50%, adjust the prediction model. (2) Obtain the lower bound of state E1 by taking the floor value downward. (3) The width of each interval does not need to be uniform. (4) Arrange continuous, dense, and close points on the number line in the same side in batches, and represent a state continuously, dividing it into one suitable interval or batches. Using this method, an improved RMSE of 0.28mm and MAPE of 0.87% were obtained for engineering examples, outperforming other models such as GM(1,1), Verhulst, DGM(2,1) with corresponding RMSE values of 0.86 mm, 0.69 mm, and 1.38 mm, and MAPE values of 2.75%, 2.53%, and 5.99%. The combined prediction results for five sets of data yielded an RMSE of 0.14 mm and MAPE of 0.56%, which are quite close to the results obtained using Markov selection correction with an RMSE of 0.37 mm and MAPE of 1.01%. Furthermore, comparing the four sets of case, the average reduction in RMSE and MAPE is 3.56mm and 1.72%, respectively, demonstrating that this method can further improve the performance of Markov chain prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrophenols present on the surface of particulates are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. However, its atmospheric photochemical transformation pathway remains unknown, for which the crucial effect of visible light is largely overlooked, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the effects of nitrophenols in the atmospheric environment. This study delves into the photolysis mechanism of 4-nitrophenol (4NP), one of the most abundant atmospheric nitrophenol compounds, on the surface of photoactive particulates under visible light irradiation. Unexpectedly, the nonradical species (singlet oxygen, ¹O2) was identified as a dominant factor in driving the visible photolysis of 4NP. The pathways of HONO and p-benzoquinone (C6H4O2) generation were clarified by acquiring direct evidence of C-N and O-H bond breakage in the nitro (-NO2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups of 4NP. The further decomposition of HONO results in the generation of NO and hydroxyl radicals, which could directly contribute to atmospheric oxidizing capacity and complicate the PM2.5 composition. Significantly, the behavior of ¹O2-induced visible photolysis of 4NP was universal on the surface of common particulates in the atmosphere, such as Al dust and Fe2O3. This work advances the understanding of the pho-tochemical transformation mechanism of particulate-phase atmospheric nitrophenols, which is indispensable in elucidating the role of nitrophenols in atmospheric chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) represent the ectopic aggregations of immune cells arising during chronic inflammation or tumor progression. In cancer, TLS are often associated with beneficial clinical outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, underscoring their prognostic and predictive significance. Mature TLS, characterized by germinal centers and areas of T-cell and B-cell aggregation, are considered primary locations for activating and maintaining both humoral and cellular anti-tumor immune effects. Despite their recognized importance, the mechanisms driving the formation of mature TLS in cancer and their influence on the immune response within tumors remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the structural composition, development mechanisms, maturity impact factors, immunological function, and innovative therapeutic strategies of mature TLS within the tumor microenvironment. The research summarized herein offers novel insights and considerations for therapeutic approaches to promote TLS generation and maturation in patients with cancer, representing a promising avenue for future cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the impact of the level of differentiation in aminimum of two follicles with a diameter of ≥18 mm on the outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Methods: Single-center data from January 2018 to December 2021 was retrospectively analyzed for 1,199 patients with fresh embryo transfer for assisted reproduction. The absolute value of the standard deviation of the follicle size of at least 2 follicles ≥18 mm in diameter in both ovaries on the day of hCG was taken as the degree of differentiation of the dominant follicle after ovulation induction, based on the standard deviation response to the degree of dispersion of the data. The degree of follicular differentiation was divided into 3 groups according to the size of the value, and the general clinical conditions, laboratory indexes, and clinical outcomes of the patients in the 3 groups were compared. Results: Among the three groups, the body mass index (BMI) of the ≤1s group was lower than that of the other two groups (P< 0.05), while the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were higher (P< 0.05), and the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P< 0.01). After multifactorial logistic regression to correct for confounding factors, with the ≤1s group as the reference, the implantation rate, hCG-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of embryo transfer in the ≥2S group were significantly lower (P< 0.01). The results of curve fitting analysis showed that the live birth rate decreased gradually with the increase of the absolute standard deviation (P=0.0079). Conclusion: Differences in follicle diameters ≥18 mm on the day of hCG injection did not have an impact on embryo quality, but had an impact on pregnancy outcomes. The less the variation in follicle size, the more homogeneous the follicle development and the higher the likelihood of live births. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer, recognized globally as a leading cause of malignancy-associated morbidity and mortality, is marked by its high prevalence and lethality, garnering extensive attention within the medical community. Mitophagy is a critical cellular process that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and ensuring quality control within cells. Its relevance to lung cancer has garnered significant attention among researchers and scientists. Mitophagy's involvement in lung cancer encompasses its initiation, progression, metastatic dissemination and treatment. The regulatory landscape of mitophagy is complex, involving numerous signaling proteins and pathways that may exhibit aberrant alterations or mutations within the tumor environment. In the field of treatment, the regulation of mitophagy is considered key to determining cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, other treatment options, and drug resistance. Contemporary investigations are directed towards harnessing mitophagy modulators, both inhibitors and activators, in therapeutic strategies, with an emphasis on achieving specificity to minimize collateral damage to healthy cellular populations. Furthermore, molecular constituents and pathways affiliated with mitophagy, serving as potential biomarkers, offer promising avenues for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, prognostic assessment, and prediction of therapeutic responses in lung cancer. Future endeavors will also involve investigating the impact of mitophagy on the composition and function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, aiming to enhance our understanding of how mitophagy modulates the immune response to lung cancer. This review aims to comprehensively overview recent advancements about the role of mitophagy in the tumor genesis, progenesis and metastasis, and the impact of mitophagy on the treatment of lung cancer. We also discussed the future research direction of mitophagy in the field of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn straw-based board has great potential for the protection of forest resources, waste recycling, and sustainable economic development. However, corn stalk-based board has poor mechanical properties due to its short fiber length and poor water resistance because of the presence of numerous hydrophilic hydroxyl functional groups in its structure. Natural mycelium originating from waste Pleurotus ostreatus substrate is a hydrophobic bio-adhesive. In the present study, formaldehyde-free corn stalk/P. ostreatus substrate bio-composites were prepared using the hotpressing technique without the addition of any chemical adhesive. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the prepared biocomposites were excellent. The highest internal bonding strength (IBS) of 2.16 MPa and the minimum thickness swelling (TS) of 18.3% were observed, which are beyond the national standards for particleboard in China. These bio-composites were prepared using a simple, green, and convenient manufacturing method to promote their popularization and application. The method may, therefore, be used as a novel technical measure to resolve the problem of overuse of forestry resources and waste disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers aggregate to form fibrils and amyloid plaques, which are critical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given the important role of Aβ1-42 aggregation in plaque formation, leading to brain lesions and cognitive impairment, numerous studies have aimed to reduce Aβ aggregation and slow AD progression. The diphenylalanine (FF) sequence is critical for amyloid aggregation, and magnetic fields can affect peptide alignment due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of aromatic rings. In this study, we examined the effects of a moderate-intensity rotating magnetic field (RMF) on Aβ aggregation and AD pathogenesis. Results indicated that the RMF directly inhibited Aβ amyloid fibril formation and reduced Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neural cells in vitro. Using the AD mouse model APP/PS1, RMF restored motor abilities to healthy control levels and significantly alleviated cognitive impairments, including exploration and spatial and non-spatial memory abilities. Tissue examinations demonstrated that RMF reduced amyloid plaque accumulation, attenuated microglial activation, and reduced oxidative stress in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. These findings suggest that RMF holds considerable potential as a non-invasive, high-penetration physical approach for AD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both biochars (BCs) and modified-biochars (MBCs) for toxic-metal/metalloid ions (TMIs) removal from water have caught much attention owing to their exceptional properties such as eco-friendly, low-carbon emission and cost-effective. However, reviews on the exploration of theoretical models of BCs and MBCs in various systems are unobtainable. To give a summary of theoretical models on BCs and MBCs for TMIs removal in various solution systems, this review will center on some typical kinetic and isotherm equations of BCs and MBCs for TMIs sorption in a single, mixed, mixed metal ions/organic substance solutions. Typically, two-parameter and threeparameter kinetic and isotherm equations of BCs and MBCs for TMIs sorption were stressed. The comparisons of these models in various solution systems were drawn. It was found that P-2nd-O kinetic model, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models are the dominating adsorption manners for TMIs in various MSSs. Especially, only the kinetic models of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Cd(II) sorption, as well as the isotherms of Cu(II) and Cd(II) sorption on BCs and MBCs were reported in these MSSs. We hope such a summary will be favorable for the accurately selecting of optimal models to explain the sorption processes in different metal-solution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]