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The elasticities of double-stranded (ds) DNA and RNA, which are critical to their biological functions and applications in materials science, can be significantly modulated by solution conditions such as ions and temperature. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the role of solvents in the elasticities of dsRNA and dsDNA in a comparative way. In this work, we explored the effect of ethanol solvent on the elasticities of dsRNA and dsDNA by magnetic tweezers and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the bending persistence lengths and contour lengths of dsRNA and dsDNA decrease monotonically with the increase in ethanol concentration. Furthermore, the addition of ethanol weakens the positive twist–stretch coupling of dsRNA, while promotes the negative twist–stretch coupling of dsDNA. Counter-intuitively, the lower dielectric environment of ethanol causes a significant re-distribution of counterions and enhanced ion neutralization, which overwhelms the enhanced repulsion along dsRNA/dsDNA, ultimately leading to the softening in bending for dsRNA and dsDNA. Moreover, for dsRNA, ethanol causes slight ion-clamping across the major groove, which weakens the major groove-mediated twist–stretch coupling, while for dsDNA, ethanol promotes the stretch–radius correlation due to enhanced ion binding and consequently enhances the helical radius-mediated twist–stretch coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance and stability of organic metal halide perovskite (OMHP) optoelectronic devices have been associated with ion migration. Understanding of nanoscale resolved organic cation migration mechanism would facilitate structure engineering and commercialization of OMHP. Here, we report a three‐dimensional approach for in situ nanoscale infrared imaging of organic ion migration behavior in OMHPs, enabling to distinguish migrations along grain boundary and in crystal lattice. Our results reveal that organic cation migration along OMHP film surface and grain boundaries (GBs) occurs at lower biases than in crystal lattice. We visualize the transition of organic cation migration channels from GBs to volume upon increasing electric field. The temporal resolved results demonstrate the fast MA+ migration kinetics at GBs, which is comparable to diffusivity of halide ions. Our findings help understand the role of organic cations in the performance of OMHP devices, and the proposed approach holds broad applicability for revealing migration mechanisms of organic ions in OMHPs based optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance and stability of organic metal halide perovskite (OMHP) optoelectronic devices have been associated with ion migration. Understanding of nanoscale resolved organic cation migration mechanism would facilitate structure engineering and commercialization of OMHP. Here, we report a three‐dimensional approach for in situ nanoscale infrared imaging of organic ion migration behavior in OMHPs, enabling to distinguish migrations along grain boundary and in crystal lattice. Our results reveal that organic cation migration along OMHP film surface and grain boundaries (GBs) occurs at lower biases than in crystal lattice. We visualize the transition of organic cation migration channels from GBs to volume upon increasing electric field. The temporal resolved results demonstrate the fast MA+ migration kinetics at GBs, which is comparable to diffusivity of halide ions. Our findings help understand the role of organic cations in the performance of OMHP devices, and the proposed approach holds broad applicability for revealing migration mechanisms of organic ions in OMHPs based optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the imaging diagnosis and differential diagnosis methods for common tumors in the posterior fossa of children, and to propose a flow chart for the diagnosis of common tumors in the posterior fossa of children based on the limited diffusion of DWI according to the idea localization diagnosis followed by qualitative diagnosis. Methods A total of 118 pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors who underwent surgical resection in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2021 to January 2024 were enrolled, and all of them underwent head CT and MRI examinations, and preoperative localization diagnosis and qualitative diagnosis were carried out accordingly. Then, based on whether DWI was diffusion limited, a flow chart for the diagnosis of common tumors in the posterior fossa of children was proposed. Results A total of 118 children with posterior fossa tumors were localization and qualitatively diagnosed, including 41 cases of fourth ventricular tumors, including medulloblastoma (27 cases), pilocytic astrocytoma (7 cases), ependymoma (5 cases), choroid plexus papilloma (one case), and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT, one case). There were 38 cases of brainstem tumors, including 24 cases of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27 - altered, 5 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma, 3 cases of cavernous hemangioma, 2 cases of pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma (prone to diffuse midline glioma, H3 wild type), 2 cases of ganglio glioma, one case of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), and one case of pediatric - type diffuse low - grade glioma. There were 9 cases of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors, including 3 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma, 2 cases of cholesteatoma, one case of medulloblastoma, one case of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, one case of pilomyxoid astrocytoma, and one case of Ewing sarcoma. There were 30 cases of cerebellar tumors, including 15 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma, 7 cases of medulloblastoma, 2 cases of cavernous hemangioma, one case of ependymoma, one case of pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma, one case of pediatric-type diffuse high- grade glioma (prone to diffuse midline glioma, H3 wild type), one case of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), one case of hamartoma, and one case of extrarenal rhabdomyomatoid tumor cerebellar metastases. Localization diagnosis, the accuracy of preoperative CT was 93.22% (110/118), while the accuracy of preoperative MRI was 100% (118/118). Qualitative diagnosis, 74 cases (62.71%) had accurate qualitative diagnosis, 23 cases (19.49%) had general diagnosis, and 21 cases (17.80%) had wrong diagnosis. The imaging differential diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors in children focuses on medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered. The incidence of limited diffusion of DWI in medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and ependymoma outside the brainstem was 100% (35/35), 4% (1/25) and 5/6, and the difference among the three tumors was statistically significant (Z = - 5.601, P = 0.000). The incidence of limited diffusion of DWI in diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27- altered and pilocytic astrocytoma in the brainstem was 79.17% (19/24) and 1/5, and the difference between the two tumors was also statistically significant (Fisher's exact possibility: P = 0.038). Conclusions The early diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors in children is difficult, and DWI is an important basis for differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the trichomonosis in raccoon dogs in China had occurred frequently. Pentatrichomonas hominis had been described in raccoon dogs in China in some previous studies. Purpose To Reveal: whether raccoon dogs can be infected by other trichomonad species besides P. hominis, and clarify the prevalence and species distribution of trichomonad in raccoon dogs. Methods: Herein, the 389 fecal samples were collected from farm-raised raccoon dogs in Hebei Province, all the samples were detected using the microscopic examination and several fecal samples containing trichomonad-like organisms were processed, cultured, stained, and photographed. Meanwhile, all the samples were screened by the species-specific nested PCR based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene of P. hominis,Tritrichomonas foetus and Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, respectively, and all positive secondary PCR amplications obtained in this study were sequenced, aligned and analysed. Results: 62 fecal samples (15.9%,62/389) were trichomonad-positive under light microscopy, and the trichomonad-like cells were clearly observed in the culture contents. The PCR results showed that 100 samples were trichomonad-positive, including 45 P. hominis-positive samples (11.6%,45/389), 32 T. foetus-positive samples (8.2%,32/389), and 33 T. buttreyi-positive samples (8.5%,33/389), respectively. Double mixed infections were observed in 10 samples. The prevalence of T. foetus and P. hominis were both significantly higher in raccoon dogs with diarrhea (13.9%, and 25.0%) than that in raccoon dogs without diarrhea (7.6%, and 9.3%) (p < 0.05).All samples confirmed as trichomonad-positive under microscopy were also found to be trichomonad-positive by PCR analysis. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the sequences obtained in this study belonged to P. hominis, T. foetus and T. buttreyi SSU rRNA, respectively. Among them, the T. buttreyi SSU rRNA sequences obtained in this study harbored the new sequence polymorphisms. Based on preliminary morphological and molecular analyses, raccoon dogs are considered as the new host of T. foetus and T. buttreyi. Conclusion: This is the first report about the identifcation and prevalence of T. foetus and T. buttreyi in raccoon dogs in China, and the results increase our knowledge about the host range and prevalence of trichomonad species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), a bone tumor with high ability of invasion and metastasis, has seriously affected the health of children and adolescents. Many studies have suggested a connection between OS and the epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT). We aimed to integrate EMT-Related genes (EMT-RGs) to predict the prognosis, immune infiltration, and therapeutic response of patients with OS. Methods: We used consensus clustering to identify potential EMT-Related OS molecular subtypes. Somatic mutation, tumor immune microenvironment, and functional enrichment analyses were performed for each subtype. We next constructed an EMT-Related risk signature and evaluated it by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram tomore accurately predict OS patients' clinical outcomes. Response effects of immunotherapy in OS patients was analyzed by Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis, while sensitivity for chemotherapeutic agents was analyzed using oncoPredict. Finally, the expression patterns of hub genes were investigated by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. Results: A total of 53 EMT-RDGs related to prognosis were identified, separating OS samples into two separate subgroups. The EMT-high subgroup showed favourable overall survival and more active immune response. Significant correlations were found between EMT-Related DEGs and functions as well as pathways linked to the development of OS. Additionally, a risk signature was established and OS patients were divided into two categories based on the risk scores. The signature presented a good predictive performance and could be recognized as an independent predictive factor for OS. Furthermore, patients with higher risk scores exhibited better sensitivity for five drugs, while no significant difference existed in immunotherapy response between the two risk subgroups. scRNAseq data analysis displayed different expression patterns of the hub genes. Conclusion: We developed a novel EMT-Related risk signature that can be considered as an independent predictor for OS, which may help improve clinical outcome prediction and guide personalized treatments for patients with OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) is a parasite that infects both animals and humans. Understanding its distribution and genetic diversity is important for disease prevention and control. This study investigated the presence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in sheep and goats across five regions in Jiangsu Province, China. The research found that E. bieneusi was present in all tested regions, with infection rates varying from 23.65% to 42.81%. The overall infection rate was 36.51%. There was no significant difference in infection rates between sheep and goats or between animals of different ages, but health condition did affect infection rates. Six genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, all belonging to a non-zoonotic group. These findings contribute to the better understanding and management of E. bieneusi infections in Jiangsu. In order to investigate the infection status and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) in sheep and goats in Jiangsu Province, a total of 786 fresh fecal samples from 18 farms across five regions in Jiangsu were collected and examined for the presence of E. bieneusi, and the genotype of E. bieneusi was examined using nested-PCR and sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. The results showed that E. bieneusi was detected in the fecal samples of sheep and goats in all regions, with infection rates ranging from 23.65% to 42.81%. The overall infection rate was 36.51% (287/786). The infection rate of E. bieneusi showed no significant difference between sheep and goats, as well as among different ages of animals (p > 0.05), but showed a significant difference in sheep and goats with different health conditions (p < 0.05). The positive products were amplified and cloned and subjected to sequenced analysis. Six genotypes, BEB6, CHG2, CHG3, CHC8, CHG14, and COS-I, were found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the six genotypes belonged to Group 2, which had previously been described as a non-zoonotic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantifying the informal caregiver burden is important for understanding the risk factors associated with caregiver overload and for evaluating the effectiveness of services provided in Long-term Care (LTC). Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a Caregiver Strain Index (CSI)-based score for quantifying the informal caregiver burden, while the original dataset did not fully cover evaluation items commonly included in international assessments. Subsequently, we utilized the CSI-based score to pinpoint key caregiver burden risk factors, examine the initial timing of LTC services adoption, and assess the impact of LTC services on reducing caregiver burden. Methods: The study analyzed over 28,000 LTC cases in Southern Taiwan from August 2019 to December 2022. Through multiple regression analysis, we identified significant risk factors associated with caregiver burden and examined changes in this burden after utilizing various services. Survival analysis was employed to explore the relationship between adopting the first LTC services and varying levels of caregiver burden. Results: We identified 126 significant risk factors for caregiver burden. The most critical factors included caregiving for other disabled family members or children under the age of three (β = 0.74, p < 0.001), the employment status of the caregiver (β = 0.30–0.53, p < 0.001), the frailty of the care recipient (β = 0.28–0.31, p < 0.001), and the behavioral symptoms of dementia in care recipients (β = 0.28–2.60, p < 0.05). Generally, caregivers facing higher burdens sought LTC services earlier, and providing home care services alleviated the caregiver's burden. Conclusion: This comprehensive study suggests policy refinements to recognize high-risk caregivers better early and provide timely support to improve the overall well-being of both informal caregivers and care recipients. Highlights: This study introduced an effective approach for quantifying the burden on informal caregivers, despite the limitations posed by the original dataset's incomplete coverage of evaluation items typically found in international assessments. Through analysis of over 28,000 cases, critical risk factors were pinpointed, such as caring for other disabled family members or young children, caregivers' employment status, care recipients' frailty, and behavioral symptoms of dementia, emphasizing the need for targeted caregiver support. Survival analysis revealed that caregivers experiencing higher burdens tend to seek Long-term Care (LTC) services—such as accompaniment on outings, companion services, and home respite services—earlier, which underscores the critical role of these services in supporting caregivers. Providing home care services alleviates caregiver burden, suggesting policy refinements to enhance the well-being of informal caregivers and care recipients through timely and practical support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of ammonia by electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. However, it is commonly obstructed by the high activation energy. Here, we report the design and synthesis of an Al−Al bonded dual atomic catalyst stabilized within an amorphous nitrogen‐doped porous carbon matrix (Al2NC) with high NRR performance. The dual atomic Al2‐sites act synergistically to catalyze the complex multiple steps of NRR through adsorption and activation, enhancing the proton‐coupled electron transfer. This Al2NC catalyst exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency of 16.56±0.3 % with a yield rate of 29.22±1.2 μg h−1 mgcat−1. The dual atomic Al2NC catalyst shows long‐term repeatable, and stable NRR performance. This work presents an insight into the identification of synergistic dual atomic catalytic site and mechanistic pathway for the electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of ammonia by electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. However, it is commonly obstructed by the high activation energy. Here, we report the design and synthesis of an Al−Al bonded dual atomic catalyst stabilized within an amorphous nitrogen‐doped porous carbon matrix (Al2NC) with high NRR performance. The dual atomic Al2‐sites act synergistically to catalyze the complex multiple steps of NRR through adsorption and activation, enhancing the proton‐coupled electron transfer. This Al2NC catalyst exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency of 16.56±0.3 % with a yield rate of 29.22±1.2 μg h−1 mgcat−1. The dual atomic Al2NC catalyst shows long‐term repeatable, and stable NRR performance. This work presents an insight into the identification of synergistic dual atomic catalytic site and mechanistic pathway for the electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CD24 is a highly glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein that plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abnormal expression of CD24 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer (BC) cells, and the molecular mechanism of regulating CD24 expression in breast cancer. Methodology: The bioinformatics method was used to predict the expression level of CD24 in BC and its relationship with the occurrence and development of BC. IHC, RT-qPCR and WB were used to detect the expression of CD24 in BC tissues and cells. The proliferation of CD24 was evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assay, and the migration and invasion of CD24 were evaluated by wound healing and transwell. In addition, the effect of CD24 on the malignancy of BC in vivo was further evaluated by subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay. Molecular mechanisms were measured by luciferase reporter assays, biotin-labeled miRNA pull-down assay, RIP, and western blotting. Results: The results show that CD24 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of CD24 in vivo and in vitro can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor ZNF460 promotes its expression by binding to the CD24 promoter, and the expression of ZNF460 is regulated by miR-125a-5p, which inhibits its expression by targeting the 3’UTR of ZNF460. In addition, LINC00525 acts as a ceRNA sponge to adsorb miR-125a-5p and regulate its expression. Conclusions: Overexpression of CD24 is involved in the development and poor prognosis of BC, which can be used as a potential target for the treatment of BC and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), it is unable to determine early which patients require tracheotomy and whether early tracheotomy is beneficial. Methods: Clinical data of patients who were first admitted to the ICU and underwent invasive ventilation for more than 24 h in the Medical Information Marketplace in Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database were retrospectively collected. Patients were categorized into successful extubation and tracheotomy groups according to whether they were subsequently successfully extubated or underwent tracheotomy. The patients were randomly divided into model training set and validation set in a ratio of 7:3. Constructing predictive models and evaluating and validating the models. The tracheotomized patients were divided into the early tracheotomy group (< = 7 days) and the late tracheotomy group (> 7 days), and the prognosis of the two groups was analyzed. Results: A total of 7 key variables were screened: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, pneumonia, traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, left and right pupil responses to light, and parenteral nutrition. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of the prediction model constructed through these seven variables was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.876–0.919), and 0.896 (95% CI: 0.866–0.926) for the training and validation sets, respectively. Patients in the early tracheotomy group had a shorter length of hospital stay, IMV duration, and sedation duration compared to the late tracheotomy group (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion: The prediction model constructed and validated based on the MIMIC-IV database can accurately predict the outcome of tracheotomy in critically ill patients. Meanwhile, early tracheotomy in critically ill patients does not improve survival outcomes but has potential advantages in shortening the duration of hospitalization, IMV, and sedation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is the main cause of many degenerative diseases. The skin is the largest and the most intuitive organ that reflects the aging of the body. Under the interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors, there are cumulative changes in the structure, function, and appearance of the skin, which are characterized by decreased synthesis of collagen and elastin, increased wrinkles, relaxation, pigmentation, and other aging characteristics. skin aging is inevitable, but it can be delayed. The successful isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in 1991 has greatly promoted the progress of cell therapy in human diseases. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) points out that the MSC is a kind of pluripotent progenitor cells that have self-renewal ability (limited) in vitro and the potential for mesenchymal cell differentiation. This review mainly introduces the role of perinatal umbilical cord-derived MSC(UC-MSC) in the field of skin rejuvenation. An in-depth and systematic understanding of the mechanism of UC-MSCs against skin aging is of great significance for the early realization of the clinical transformation of UC-MSCs. This paper summarized the characteristics of skin aging and summarized the mechanism of UC-MSCs in skin rejuvenation reported in recent years. In order to provide a reference for further research of UC-MSCs to delay skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasound using Sonazoid (SNZ–CEUS) by comparing with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE–CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE–MRI) for differentiating benign and malignant renal masses. Materials and methods: 306 consecutive patients (from 7 centers) with renal masses (40 benign tumors, 266 malignant tumors) diagnosed by both SNZ–CEUS, CE–CT or CE–MRI were enrolled between September 2020 and February 2021. The examinations were performed within 7 days, but the sequence was not fixed. Histologic results were available for 301 of 306 (98.37%) lesions and 5 lesions were considered benign after at least 2 year follow-up without change in size and image characteristics. The diagnostic performances were evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and compared by McNemar's test. Results: In the head-to-head comparison, SNZ–CEUS and CE–MRI had comparable sensitivity (95.60 vs. 94.51%, P = 0.997), specificity (65.22 vs. 73.91%, P = 0.752), positive predictive value (91.58 vs. 93.48%) and negative predictive value (78.95 vs. 77.27%); SNZ–CEUS and CE–CT showed similar sensitivity (97.31 vs. 96.24%, P = 0.724); however, SNZ–CEUS had relatively lower than specificity than CE–CT (59.09 vs. 68.18%, P = 0.683). For nodules > 4 cm, CE–MRI demonstrated higher specificity than SNZ–CEUS (90.91 vs. 72.73%, P = 0.617) without compromise the sensitivity. Conclusions: SNZ–CEUS, CE–CT, and CE–MRI demonstrate desirable and comparable sensitivity for the differentiation of renal mass. However, the specificity of all three imaging modalities is not satisfactory. SNZ–CEUS may be a suitable alternative modality for patients with renal dysfunction and those allergic to gadolinium or iodine-based agents. Key Points: This prospective multicenter study demonstrated that the diagnostic performance of SNZ–CEUS was comparable to CE–CT and CE–MRI. The three imaging modalities displayed desirable sensitivity, while the specificity needs to be further improved. CE–MRI may have better specificity than SNZ–CEUS for differentiating renal masses bigger than 4 cm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoinduced dipole force (PiDF) is an attractive force arising from the Coulombic interaction between the light-induced dipoles on the illuminated tip and the sample. It shows extreme sample-tip distance and refractive index dependence, which is promising for nanoscale infrared (IR) imaging of ultrathin samples. However, the existence of PiDF in the mid-IR region has not been experimentally demonstrated due to the coexistence of photoinduced thermal force (PiTF), typically one to two orders of magnitude higher than PiDF. In this study, we demonstrate that, with the assistance of surface phonon polaritons, the PiDF of c-quartz can be enhanced to surpass its PiTF, enabling a clear observation of PiDF spectra reflecting the properties of the real part of permittivity. Leveraging the detection of the PiDF of phonon polaritonic substrate, we propose a strategy to enhance the sensitivity and contrast of photoinduced force responses in transmission images, facilitating the precise differentiation of the heterogeneous distribution of ultrathin samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells. Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system, including myelin sheath formation, axonal metabolism, and neuroplasticity regulation. They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes. These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways, but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function. In this review, we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes. We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loess mudflow is a unique geological hazard in the Loess Plateau, presenting a significant risk to the lives and properties of the region's inhabitants. Defining and categorizing loess mudflow scientifically, as well as comprehending their disaster-prone environment and patterns of development, are crucial for implementing effective disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. Based on extensive field investigations and statistical analyses, this study defines and categorizes the loess mudflow into five types: liquefaction flow, freezethaw creep, subsurface erosion failure, collapse-mudflow, and erosionenlargement. Statistical analysis reveals that the drainage area of loess mudflow is mostly concentrated between 0.15 and 30 km2, the bed slope typically ranges from 10‰-200‰, material storage in channels is mostly above 5 x 104 m³/km², and the rainfall intensity triggering mudflow formation is generally greater than 10 mm/h; furthermore, a correlation analysis between the parameters of loess mudflow and the influencing factors reveals a significant linear growth relationship between mudflow volume and drainage area, and also reveals a significant power function relationship with the increase in channel bed slope. However, there is no significant correlation between mudflow volume and solid material storage, and mudflow density shows no significant correlation with drainage area, channel bed slope, or solid material storage. Finally, an empirical formula for estimating mudflow volume is proposed through regression analysis. The research findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for the study and risk assessment of loess mudflow disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi play vital regulatory roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Local community assembly mechanisms, including deterministic and stochastic processes, as well as the size of regional species pools (gamma diversity), typically influence overall soil microbial community beta diversity patterns. However, there is limited evidence supporting their direct and indirect effects on beta diversity of different soil fungal functional groups in forest ecosystems. To address this gap, we collected 1606 soil samples from a 25-ha subtropical forest plot in southern China. Our goal was to determine the direct effects and indirect effects of regional species pools on the beta diversity of soil fungi, specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), plant-pathogenic, and saprotrophic fungi. We quantified the effects of soil properties, mycorrhizal tree abundances, and topographical factors on soil fungal diversity. The beta diversity of plant-pathogenic fungi was predominantly influenced by the size of the species pool. In contrast, the beta diversity of EcM fungi was primarily driven indirectly through community assembly processes. Neither of them had significant effects on the beta diversity of AM and saprotrophic fungi. Our results highlight that the direct and indirect effects of species pools on the beta diversity of soil functional groups of fungi can significantly differ even within a relatively small area. They also demonstrate the independent and combined effects of various factors in regulating the diversities of soil functional groups of fungi. Consequently, it is crucial to study the fungal community not only as a whole but also by considering different functional groups within the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article mainly explores the Biswas–Milovic equation containing Kudryashov's refractive index law and nonlinear perturbation terms. We take the complete discrimination system for polynomial method and the trial equation method to implement qualitative and quantitative studies for the equation. We verify that the Hamiltonian of the dynamic system is conserved and apply the complete discrimination system of polynomial method to give the associated global phase diagrams, which are qualitatively analyzed to illustrate the presence of periodic solutions and solitons. In addition, we gain a classification of all single traveling wave solutions, provide optical wave patterns with specific parameters and validate the above findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Bacteroides on liver lipid metabolism in laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) induced by high-energy and low-protein diet. Eighty 210-day-old Dawu Jinfeng laying hens weighing (1.5±0.2) kg were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates in each group and four hens in each replicate. The control group (Group C) was fed with basal diet, the model group (Group M) was fed with high energy and low protein (HELP) diet, the low dose Bacteroides group (Group BL) was fed with HELP diet + 1 x 109 CFU/mL Bacteroides, and the high dose Bacteroides group (Group BH) was fed with HELP diet + 1 x 1011 CFU/mL Bacteroides. The trial period was 70 days. The results showed that compared with Group C, the liver of Group M was greasy, brittle and fragile, with a large number of fat vacuoles and red-stained fat droplets, the liver index and abdominal fat rate increased significantly (P<0.05), and the serum TG, TC, LDL-C concentrations and AST, ALT activities increased significantly (P<0.05), while HDL-C concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with Group M, Group BL and Group BH showed significant improvement in liver fat vacuoles and red stained lipid droplets in laying hens, the liver index significantly decreased (P<0.05), the levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-C, as well as the activities of AST and ALT, were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the levels of HDL-C were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with Group BH, serum TG, TC concentrations and AST activity in BL group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while HDL-C concentration increased significantly (P<0.05). Study shows that Bacteroides can improve lipid metabolism disorder and liver function damage caused by FLHS. Bacteroides with 1 x 109 CFU/mL is more effective in regulating liver lipid metabolism in FLHS laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliomas are the most common tumours in the central nervous system. In the present study, we aimed to find a promising anti‐glioma compound and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Glioma cells were subjected to the 50 candidate compounds at a final concentration of 10 μM for 72 h, and CCK‐8 was used to evaluate their cytotoxicity. NPS‐2143, an antagonist of calcium‐sensing receptor (CASR), was selected for further study due to its potent cytotoxicity to glioma cells. Our results showed that NPS‐2143 could inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells and induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, NPS‐2143 could induce glioma cell apoptosis by increasing the caspase‐3/6/9 activity. NPS‐2143 impaired the immigration and invasion ability of glioma cells by regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process. Mechanically, NPS‐2143 could inhibit autophagy by mediating the AKT–mTOR pathway. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the prognosis of glioma patients with low expression of CASR mRNA was better than those with high expression of CASR mRNA. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that CASR was associated with cell adhesion molecules and lysosomes in glioma. The nude mice xenograft model showed NPS‐2143 could suppress glioma growth in vivo. In conclusion, NPS‐2143 can suppress the glioma progression by inhibiting autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the quantitative responses of anisotropic dynamic properties in organic-rich shale with different kerogen content (KC) is of great significance in hydrocarbon exploration and development. Conducting controlled experiments with a single variable is challenging for natural shales due to their high variations in components, diagenesis conditions, or pore fluid. We employed the hot-pressing technique to construct 11 well-controlled artificial shale with varying KC. These artificial shale samples were successive machined into prismatic shape for ultrasonic measurements along different directions. Observations revealed bedding perpendicular P-wave velocities are more sensitive to the increasing KC than bedding paralleling velocities due to the preferential alignments of kerogen. All elastic stiffnesses except C13 are generally decreasing with the increasing KC, the variation of C11 and C33 on kerogen content are more sensitive than those of C44 and C66. Apparent dynamic mechanical parameters (n and E) were found to have linear correlation with the true ones from complete anisotropic equations independent of KC, which hold value towards the interpretation of well logs consistently across formations. Anisotropic mechanical parameters (DE and brittleness DB) tend to decrease with the reducing KC, with DB showing great sensitivity to KC variations. In the range of low KC (<10%), the VP/VS ratio demonstrated a linearly negative correlation with KC, and the VP/VS ratio magnitude of less than 1.75 may serve as a significant characterization for highly organic-rich (>10%) shale, compilation of data from natural organic rich-shales globally verified the similar systematic relationships that can be empirically used to predict the fraction of KC in shales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulse width, which can reflect qi, blood excess, and deficiency, has been used for diagnosing diseases and determining the prognosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study aimed to devise an objective method to measure the pulse width based on an array pulse diagram for objective diagnosis. Methods: The channel 6, the region wherein the pulse wave signal is the strongest, is located in the middle of the pulse sensor array and at the guan position of cunkou during data collection. Therefore, the main wave (h1) time of the pulse wave was collected from the channel 6 through calculation. The left h1 time was collected from the remaining 11 channels. The amplitudes at these time points were extracted as the h1 amplitudes for each channel. However, the pulse width could not be calculated accurately at 12 points. Consequently, a bioharmonic spline interpolation algorithm was used to interpolate the h1 amplitude data obtained from the horizontal and vertical points, yielding 651 (31 × 21) h1 amplitude data. The 651 data points were converted into a heat map to intuitively calculate the pulse width. The pulse width was calculated by multiplying the number of grids on the vertical axis with the unit length of the grid. The pulse width was determined by TCM doctors to verify the pulse width measurement accuracy. Meanwhile, a color Doppler ultrasound examination of the volunteers' radial arteries was performed and the intravascular meridian widths of the radial artery compared with the calculated pulse widths to determine the reliability. Results: The pulse width determined using the maximal h1 amplitude method was comparable with the radial artery intravascular meridian widths measured using color Doppler ultrasound. The h1 amplitude was higher in the high blood pressure group and the pulse width was greater. Conclusions: The pulse width determined using the maximal h1 amplitude was objective and accurate. Comparison between the pulse widths of the normal and high blood pressure groups verified the reliability of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Human gut microbiota has been shown to be significantly associated with various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an excellent auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) based on fecal microbial biomarkers. Method: The fecal metagenomic sequencing data associated with JIA were extracted from NCBI, and the sequencing data were transformed into the relative abundance of microorganisms by professional data cleaning (KneadData, Trimmomatic and Bowtie2) and comparison software (Kraken2 and Bracken). After that, the fecal microbes with high abundance were extracted for subsequent analysis. The extracted fecal microbes were further screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the selected fecal microbe biomarkers were used for model training. In this study, we constructed six different machine learning (ML) models, and then selected the best model for constructing a JIA diagnostic tool by comparing the performance of the models based on a combined consideration of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, F1 score, calibration curves and clinical decision curves. In addition, to further explain the model, Permutation Importance analysis and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were performed to understand the contribution of each biomarker in the prediction process. Result: A total of 231 individuals were included in this study, including 203 JIA patients and Non-JIA individuals. In the analysis of diversity at the genus level, the alpha diversity represented by Shannon value was not significantly different between the two groups, while the belt diversity was slightly different. After selection by LASSO regression, 10 fecal microbe biomarkers were selected for model training. By comparing six different models, the XGB model showed the best performance, which average AUC, accuracy and F1 score were 0.976, 0.914 and 0.952, respectively, thus being used to construct the final JIA diagnosis model. Conclusion: A JIA diagnosis model based on XGB algorithm was constructed with excellent performance, which may assist physicians in early detection of JIA patients and improve the prognosis of JIA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IR spectroelectrochemistry (EC‐IR) is a cutting‐edge operando method for exploring electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, detection of interfacial molecules is challenged by the limited sensitivity of existing EC‐IR platforms due to the lack of high‐enhancement substrates. Here, we propose an innovative plasmon‐enhanced infrared spectroelectrochemistry (EC‐PEIRS) platform to overcome this sensitivity limitation. Plasmonic antennae with ultrahigh IR signal enhancement are electrically connected via monolayer graphene while preserving optical path integrity, serving as both the electrode and IR substrate. The [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− redox reaction and electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are investigated on the EC‐PEIRS platform with a remarkable signal enhancement. Notably, the enhanced IR signals enable a reconstruction of the electrochemical curve of the redox reactions and unveil the CO2RR mechanism. This study presents a promising technique for boosting the in‐depth understanding of interfacial events across diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IR spectroelectrochemistry (EC‐IR) is a cutting‐edge operando method for exploring electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, detection of interfacial molecules is challenged by the limited sensitivity of existing EC‐IR platforms due to the lack of high‐enhancement substrates. Here, we propose an innovative plasmon‐enhanced infrared spectroelectrochemistry (EC‐PEIRS) platform to overcome this sensitivity limitation. Plasmonic antennae with ultrahigh IR signal enhancement are electrically connected via monolayer graphene while preserving optical path integrity, serving as both the electrode and IR substrate. The [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− redox reaction and electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are investigated on the EC‐PEIRS platform with a remarkable signal enhancement. Notably, the enhanced IR signals enable a reconstruction of the electrochemical curve of the redox reactions and unveil the CO2RR mechanism. This study presents a promising technique for boosting the in‐depth understanding of interfacial events across diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for clean energy generation. Here, we propose an approach to the synthesis of iron phthalocyanine nanotubes (FePc NTs) as a highly active and selective electrocatalyst for ORR. The performance is significantly superior to FePc in randomly aggregated and molecularly dispersed states, as well as the commercial Pt/C catalyst. When FePc NTs are anchored on graphene, the resulting architecture shifts the ORR potentials above the redox potentials of Fe2+/3+ sites. This does not obey the redox-mediated mechanism operative on conventional FePc with a Fe2+--N moiety serving as the active sites. Pourbaix analysis shows that the redox of Fe2+/3+ sites couples with HO- ions transfer, forming a HO-Fe3+-N moiety serving as the ORR active sites under the turnover condition. The chemisorption of ORR intermediates is appropriately weakened on the HO-Fe3+-N moiety compared to the Fe2+-N state and thus is intrinsically more ORR active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern that significantly increases the risk of fractures. The aim of this study was to develop a Machine Learning based predictive model to screen individuals at high risk of osteoporosis based on chronic disease data, thus facilitating early detection and personalized management. A total of 10,000 complete patient records of primary healthcare data in the German Disease Analyzer database (IMS HEALTH) were included, of which 1293 diagnosed with osteoporosis and 8707 without the condition. The demographic characteristics and chronic disease data, including age, gender, lipid disorder, cancer, COPD, hypertension, heart failure, CHD, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and stroke were collected from electronic health records. Ten different machine learning algorithms were employed to construct the predictive mode. The performance of the model was further validated and the relative importance of features in the model was analyzed. Out of the ten machine learning algorithms, the Stacker model based on Logistic Regression, AdaBoost Classifier, and Gradient Boosting Classifier demonstrated superior performance. The Stacker model demonstrated excellent performance through ten-fold cross-validation on the training set and ROC curve analysis on the test set. The confusion matrix, lift curve and calibration curves indicated that the Stacker model had optimal clinical utility. Further analysis on feature importance highlighted age, gender, lipid metabolism disorders, cancer, and COPD as the top five influential variables. In this study, a predictive model for osteoporosis based on chronic disease data was developed using machine learning. The model shows great potential in early detection and risk stratification of osteoporosis, ultimately facilitating personalized prevention and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the deadliest malignancies. Kidney cancer (KC) is a common malignancy globally. Chemo- or radio-therapies are not very effective to control PC or KC, and overdoses often cause severe site reactions to the patients. As a result, novel treatment strategies with high efficacy but without toxic side effects are urgently desired. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) belongs to plant lignans with potential anticancer activities, but clinical evidence is not available in PC or KC treatment. Patient Concerns: We report a rare case of an 83-year-old female patient with pancreatic and kidney occupying lesions that lacked the conditions to receive surgery or chemo- or radiotherapy. Diagnosis: Pancreatic and kidney cancers. Interventions: We gave dietary SDG to the patient as the only therapeutics. Outcomes: SDG effectively halted progression of both PC and KC. All clinical manifestations, including bad insomnia, loss of appetite, stomach symptoms, and skin itching over the whole body, all disappeared. The initial massive macroscopic hematuria became microscopic and infrequent, and other laboratory results also gradually returned to normal. Most of the cancer biomarkers, initially high such as CEA, CA199, CA724, CA125, came down rapidly, among which CA199 changed most radically. This patient has had progression-free survival of one year so far. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potent inhibitory effects of SDG on PC and KC of this patient and provide promising novel therapeutics for refractory malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) membranes featuring well-aligned and programmable vertical nanochannels have emerged as a promising candidate for advanced nanofluidic devices and showcased vast potential in the fields of smart-gating, ion-separation, and energy-harvesting. However, the transverse interlayer nanochannels with a height of sub-nanometer-scale in 2D-COF membranes have scarcely been studied in comparison. Here, we report the ion transport characteristics in 2D interlayer nanochannels of protonated COF membranes. The distinct surface-charge-governed ionic conductance in domination of electrolyte concentration below 10−3 M as well as the exceptional anion/cation (Cl−/K+) selectivity is revealed due to the pronounced charge and nano-confinement effects. Additionally, evident ion current rectification is witnessed when incorporating asymmetric geometry into the system, which is attributed to the dynamic process of ion enrichment and dissipation within the protonated nanochannels. This work offers immense prospects for 2D-COF membranes in the fields of biomimetic nanofluidic devices and cutting-edge electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate potential differences in clinical and computed tomography (CT) features between patients with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant and the original strain. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 69 hospitalized patients infected with Omicron variant from November to December 2022, and 96 hospitalized patients infected with the original strain from February to March 2020 in Chongqing, China. The clinical features, CT manifestations, degrees of lung involvement in different stages on CT, and imaging changes after the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results turned negative were compared between the two groups. Results: For clinical features, patients with Omicron were predominantly old people and females, without manifestation of any clinical symptoms, who had low serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Shorter interval from symptoms onset to initial CT scan was observed in Omicron patients compared to patients with the original strain (all P < 0.05). For CT features, patients with Omicron were more likely to present with round-like opacities and tree-in-bud pattern (all P < 0.05), but less likely to exhibit a diffuse distribution, patchy and linear opacities, as well as vascular enlargement pattern (all P < 0.05). The Omicron group was more susceptible to exhibiting lower CT involvement scores in each stage (all P < 0.05) and imaging progression after the RT-PCR results turned negative (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients infected with the Omicron variant exhibited less severe changes on chest CT compared to those infected with the original strain. Furthermore, imaging progression under low viral load conditions was more common in patients with Omicron than in those with the original strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipterocarpoideae species form the emergent layer of Asian rainforests. They are the indicator species for Asian rainforest distribution, but they are severely threatened. Here, to understand their adaptation and population decline, we assemble high-quality genomes of seven Dipterocarpoideae species including two autotetraploid species. We estimate the divergence time between Dipterocarpoideae and Malvaceae and within Dipterocarpoideae to be 108.2 (97.8‒118.2) and 88.4 (77.7‒102.9) million years ago, and we identify a whole genome duplication event preceding dipterocarp lineage diversification. We find several genes that showed a signature of selection, likely associated with the adaptation to Asian rainforests. By resequencing of two endangered species, we detect an expansion of effective population size after the last glacial period and a recent sharp decline coinciding with the history of local human activities. Our findings contribute to understanding the diversification and adaptation of dipterocarps and highlight anthropogenic disturbances as a major factor in their endangered status. Dipterocarp trees are iconic but severely threatened species in Asian rainforests. This study assembles high-quality genomes of seven dipterocarp species to reveal the molecular basis of key adaptations and identifies a recent sharp population decline coinciding with local human activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipterocarpoideae species form the emergent layer of Asian rainforests. They are the indicator species for Asian rainforest distribution, but they are severely threatened. Here, to understand their adaptation and population decline, we assemble high-quality genomes of seven Dipterocarpoideae species including two autotetraploid species. We estimate the divergence time between Dipterocarpoideae and Malvaceae and within Dipterocarpoideae to be 108.2 (97.8‒118.2) and 88.4 (77.7‒102.9) million years ago, and we identify a whole genome duplication event preceding dipterocarp lineage diversification. We find several genes that showed a signature of selection, likely associated with the adaptation to Asian rainforests. By resequencing of two endangered species, we detect an expansion of effective population size after the last glacial period and a recent sharp decline coinciding with the history of local human activities. Our findings contribute to understanding the diversification and adaptation of dipterocarps and highlight anthropogenic disturbances as a major factor in their endangered status. Dipterocarp trees are iconic but severely threatened species in Asian rainforests. This study assembles high-quality genomes of seven dipterocarp species to reveal the molecular basis of key adaptations and identifies a recent sharp population decline coinciding with local human activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy (McMIE) procedure has various limitations, including surgical contraindications and a high rate of postoperative pulmonary complications. A novel mediastinoscopic esophagectomy procedure was described in this study by using esophageal invagination and a transhiatal and bilateral cervical approach (EITHBC). Methods: According to the mode of operation, a total of 259 patients were divided into two groups, among which 106 underwent EITHBC and 153 underwent McMIE. The number of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative outcomes, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: The results revealed that the average number of resected lymph node in the EITHBC group was significantly higher in the recL106 and TbL106 stations (recL106: 1.75 vs. 1.51, p = 0.016, TbL106: 1.53 vs. 1.19, p = 0.016) and significantly lower in the 107 stations (1. 74 vs. 2. 07, p < 0.001) than in the McMIE group. The intraoperative blood loss in the EITHBC group was significantly lower than that in the McMIE group (63.30 vs. 80.45 mL, p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the EITHBC group was lower than that in the McMIE group (14.15% vs. 27.45%, p = 0.008). The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in the EITHBC group was significantly higher than that in the McMIE group (26.41% vs. 10.46%, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Compared with the McMIE procedure, the EITHBC procedure has advantages in terms of removing the upper mediastinal lymph nodes and reducing postoperative pulmonary complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the difficult problem of solving the conformation statistics of complex polymers, this study presents a novel and concise conformation statistics theoretical approach based on Monte Carlo and Neural Network method. This method offers a new research idea for investigating the conformation statistics of complex polymers, characterized by its simplicity and practicality. It can be applied to more complex topological structure, more higher degree of freedom polymer systems with higher dimensions, theory research on dynamic self-consistent field theory and polymer field theory, as well as the analysis of scattering experimental data. The conformation statistics of complex polymers determine the structure and response properties of the system. Using the new method proposed in this study, taking the semiflexible ring diblock copolymer as an example, Monte Carlo simulation is used to sample this ring conformation to construct the dataset of polymer. The structure factor describing conformation statistics are expressed as continuous functions of structure parameters by neural network supervised learning. This is the innovation of this work. As an application, the structure factors represented by neural networks were introduced into the random phase approximation theory to study the microphase separation of semiflexible ring diblock copolymers. The influence of the ring's topological properties on the phase transition behavior was pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for nonrecovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during follow‐up in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined with reduced LVEF, and establish and verify a risk prediction model based on these factors. Methods: In this study, patients with AMI who underwent PCI in a high‐volume PCI center between December 2018 and December 2021 were consecutively enrolled, screened, and randomly assigned to the model establishment and validation cohorts. A predictive model method based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used for establishment and validation. Results: Cardiac troponin I, myoglobin, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension, multivessel disease, and no‐reflow were identified as potential predictors of LVEF recovery failure. The areas under the curve were 0.703 and 0.665 in the model establishment and validation cohorts, respectively, proving that the prediction model had some predictive ability. The calibration curves of the two cohorts showed good agreement with those of the nomogram model. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed that the model had a net clinical benefit. Conclusion: This prediction model can assess the risk of nonrecovery of LVEF in patients with AMI undergoing PCI combined with LVEF reduction during follow‐up, and conveniently screen high‐risk patients with nonrecoverable LVEF early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The infusion of phenylephrine to prevent spinal-induced hypotension (SIH) in cesarean delivery may decrease the rostral spread of a spinal local anesthetic. We hypothesized that infusion of norepinephrine may decrease the rostral spread of spinal anesthesia, similar to that caused by phenylephrine. The aim of this study was to compare the block height of spinal anesthesia in the presence or absence of norepinephrine infusion administered to prevent SIH during cesarean delivery. Methods: Eighty patients were enrolled and allocated into groups receiving a norepinephrine infusion (group N) or saline infusion (group C). After intrathecal injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg, the block height for cold and pinprick sensation was checked 10 and 20 min after the injection. The demographic characteristics, spinal anesthesia, side effects, and neonatal outcomes were also recorded. Results: The block height for cold and pinprick sensation was similar between the two groups, although the incidence of hypotension was significantly lower (p < 0.00) in group N than in group C. Systolic blood pressure was also more stable in group N than in group C, with the incidence of interventions being significantly lower in group N. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between the two groups. Conclusion: Evidence from this study suggested that prophylactic norepinephrine infusion does not reduce the rostral spread of spinal anesthesia in pregnancy. We suggest that it is not necessary to increase the dose of an intrathecal local anesthetic for cesarean delivery when prophylactic norepinephrine is administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by abnormal pronunciation, posture, and movement. Spastic CP accounts for more than 70% of all CP. To date, there has been no bibliometric analysis to summarize study on spastic CP. Here, we aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis of spastic CP to summarize this field's knowledge structure, research hotspots, and frontiers. Method: Publications about spastic CP were searched utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2022, the WoSCC literature analysis wire, VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.1.R4 and Online analysis platform for bibliometrics were used to conduct the analysis. Results: A total of 3988 publications, consisting of 3699 articles and 289 reviews, were included in our study. The United States emerged as the most productive country, while Kathleen Univ Leuven was the most productive institution. The leading author was Desloovere K. A total of 238 journals contributed to this field, with Developmental medicine and child neurology being the leading journal. Important keywords and keyword clusters included Spastic cerebral palsy, Reliability, and Gross motor function. Keywords identified through burst detection indicated that hotspots in this field were management, randomized controlled trials, and definition. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of bibliometric on spastic CP over the past 20 years, the trends and the knowledge graph of the countries, institutions, authors, references, and the keywords have been identified, providing accurate and expedited insights into critical information and potentially new directions in the study of spastic CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and non-contrast computed tomography (CT) features of patients with benign pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) with a solid component ≤ 5 mm and their development trends via follow-up CT. Methods: We retrospectively collected 436 data from patients who had SSNs with a solid component ≤ 5 mm, including 69 with absorbable benign SSNs (AB-SSNs), 70 with nonabsorbable benign SSNs (NB-SSNs), and 297 with malignant SSNs (M-SSNs). Models 1, 2, and 3 for distinguishing the different types of SSNs were then developed and validated. Results: Patients with AB-SSNs were younger and exhibited respiratory symptoms more frequently than those with M-SSNs. The frequency of nodules detected during follow-up CT was in the following order: AB-SSNs > NB-SSNs > M-SSNs. NB-SSNs were smaller than M-SSNs, and ill-defined margins were more frequent in AB-SSNs than in NB-SSNs and M-SSNs. Benign SSNs exhibited irregular shape, target sign, and lower CT values more frequently compared to M-SSNs, whereas the latter demonstrated bubble lucency more commonly compared to the former. Furthermore, AB-SSNs showed more thickened interlobular septa and satellite lesions than M-SSNs and M-SSNs had more pleural retraction than AB-SSNs (all p < 0.017). The three models had AUCs ranging 0.748–0.920 and 0.790–0.912 in the training and external validation cohorts, respectively. A follow-up CT showed nodule progression in four benign SSNs. Conclusions: The three SSN types have different clinical and imaging characteristics, with some benign SSNs progressing to resemble malignancy. Critical relevance statement: A good understanding of the imaging features and development trends of benign SSNs may help reduce unnecessary follow-up or interventions. This retrospective study explores the CT characteristics of benign SSNs with a solid component ≤ 5 mm by comparing AB-SSNs, NB-SSNs, and M-SSNs and delineates their development trends via follow-up CT. Key points: 1. Different subsolid nodule types exhibit distinct clinical and imaging features. 2. A miniscule number of benign subsolid nodules can progress to resemble malignancy. 3. Knowing the clinical and imaging features and development trends of benign subsolid nodules can improve management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have shown that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have an anti-aging effect in ovaries, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of HA-MSC ovarian anti-aging remain to be studied. Therefore, we conducted a 10X Genomics single-nucleus transcriptome sequencing experiment on the ovaries of macaque monkeys after HA-MSC treatment. Methods: The results of cell subgroup classification were visualized by 10X Genomics single nuclear transcriptome sequencing. The aging model of hGCs was established, and the migration ability of the cells was determined after coculture of HA-MSCs and aging hGCs. The genes screened by single nuclear transcriptional sequencing were verified in vitro by qPCR. Results: Compared with the aging model group, the number of cell receptor pairs in each subgroup of the HA-MSC-treated group increased overall. Treatment with 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 48 h was used as the optimum condition for the induction of hGC senescence. After coculture of noncontact HA-MSCs with senescent hGCs, it was found that HA-MSCs can reverse the cell structure, proliferation ability, senescence condition, expression level of senescence-related genes, and expression level of key genes regulating the senescence pathway in normal hGCs. Conclusions: HA-MSC therapy can improve the tissue structure and secretion function of the ovary through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms to resist ovarian aging. In vitro validation experiments further supported the results of single-cell sequencing, which provides evidence supporting a new option for stem cell treatment of ovarian senescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When faced with an unidentified body, identifying the victim can be challenging, particularly if physical characteristics are obscured or masked. In recent years, microbiological analysis in forensic science has emerged as a cutting-edge technology. It not only exhibits individual specificity, distinguishing different human biotraces from various sites of occurrence (e.g., gastrointestinal, oral, skin, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts), each hosting distinct bacterial species, but also offers insights into the accident’s location and the surrounding environment. The integration of machine learning with microbiomics provides a substantial improvement in classifying bacterial species compares to traditional sequencing techniques. This review discusses the use of machine learning algorithms such as RF, SVM, ANN, DNN, regression, and BN for the detection and identification of various bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis, Acetobacter aceti, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus, among others. Deep leaning techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models and derivatives, are also employed to predict the victim’s age, gender, lifestyle, and racial characteristics. It is anticipated that big data analytics and artificial intelligence will play a pivotal role in advancing forensic microbiology in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subterranean karst caves are windows into the terrestrial subsurface to deconstruct the dimensions of mycobiome fingerprints. However, impeded by the constraints of remote locations, the inaccessibility of specimens and technical limitations, the mycobiome of subterranean karst caves has remained largely unknown. Weathered rock and sediment samples were collected from Luohandu cave (Guilin, Southern China) and subjected to Illumina Hiseq sequencing of ITS1 genes. A total of 267 known genera and 90 known orders in 15 phyla were revealed in the mycobiomes. Ascomycota dominated all samples, followed by Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. The sediments possessed the relatively highest alpha diversity and were significantly different from weathered rocks according to the diversity indices and richness metrics. Fifteen families and eight genera with significant differences were detected in the sediment samples. The Ca/Mg ratio appeared to significantly affect the structure of the mycobiome communities. Ascomycota appeared to exert a controlling influence on the mycobiome co-occurrence network of the sediments, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were found to be the main phyla in the mycobiome co-occurrence network of weathered rocks. Our results provide a more comprehensive dimension to the mycobiome fingerprints of Luohandu cave and a new window into the mycobiome communities and the ecology of subterranean karst cave ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Septic shock is a common systemic inflammatory response syndrome for critical patients in the intensive care unit. Ulinastatin is currently used for the treatment of septic shock. Our study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ulinastatin in the treatment of septic shock patients. Methods: Three English databases (Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, SinoMed, and VIP) were searched for published randomized controlled trials. Stata 16.0 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 48 articles were included (Chinese article 47, 1 in English). The results show that the treatment of ulinastatin could reduce mortality (risk ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.55, 0.72)), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (risk ratio = 0.6, 95% CI (0.53, 0.68)), length of intensive care unit stay (mean difference (MD) = -3.92, 95% CI (-4.65, -3.18)), length of hospital stay (MD = -4.39, 95% CI (-6.63, -2.15)) and decrease Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (MD = -4.55, 95% CI (-5.63, -3.47)) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (MD = -2.02, 95% CI (-2.59, -1.44)) with P < 0.001. Moreover, it lowers TNF-a (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.78, 95% CI (-2.24, -1.32)), Interleukin-6 (SMD = -1.17, 95% CI (-1.55, -0.8)), C reactive protein (SMD = -1.49, 95% CI (-1.99, -0.99)), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (SMD = -1.9, 95% CI (-2.87, -0.94)) and procalcitonin (SMD = -0.89, 95% CI (-1.12, -0.67)) levels in the body. Conclusions: Available evidence shows that ulinastatin reduces case mortality rate, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, length of intensive care unit stay, and length of hospital stay and decreases Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Moreover, it also lowers TNF-a, Interleukin-6, C reactive protein, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels in the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]