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To accurately extract human body contours, a method for complex background human body contour extraction based on the MINet model was proposed. Front-view and side-view human images were captured, and corresponding mask images were annotated. Diverse complex backgrounds were matched with portraits to create a dataset of 2 860 portraits across various scenes. Using a transfer learning mechanism, the MINet salient object detection model was optimized to extract human body contours. The human contour extraction effects of the transfer learning- based MINet model were compared with the original model, the U2Net salient object detection model, the Media- pipe human contour extraction algorithm, and a traditional threshold-based segmentation algorithm. The results show that the transfer learning-based MINet model demonstrates optimal performance in human body contour extraction, with precision, accuracy, recall, and the composite metric F1 reaching 0.998, 0.987, 0.992, and 0.990, respectively, closely resembling the annotated mask images. This method offers a cost-effective, scalable, and fast approach to extract human body contours from images, providing an effective technique for photo measurement in remote clothing customization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fashion merchandising hold a paramount position within the realm of retail marketing. Currently, the purpose of this article is that the assessment of display effectiveness predominantly relies on the subjective judgment of merchandisers due to the absence of an effective evaluation method. Although eye-tracking devices have found extensive used in tracking the gaze trajectory of subject, they exhibit limitations in terms of stability when applied to the evaluation of various scenes. This underscores the need for a dependable, user-friendly and objective assessment method. Design/methodology/approach: To develop a cost-effective and convenient evaluation method, the authors introduced an image processing framework for the assessment of variations in the impact of store furnishings. An optimized visual saliency methodology that leverages a multiscale pyramid model, incorporating color, brightness and orientation features, to construct a visual saliency heatmap. Additionally, the authors have established two pivotal evaluation indices aimed at quantifying attention coverage and dispersion. Specifically, bottom features are extract from 9 distinct scale images which are down sampled from merchandising photographs. Subsequently, these extracted features are amalgamated to form a heatmap, serving as the focal point of the evaluation process. The authors have proposed evaluation indices dedicated to measuring visual focus and dispersion, facilitating a precise quantification of attention distribution within the observed scenes. Findings: In comparison to conventional saliency algorithm, the optimization method yields more intuitive feedback regarding scene contrast. Moreover, the optimized approach results in a more concentrated focus within the central region of the visual field, a pattern in alignment with physiological research findings. The results affirm that the two defined indicators prove highly effective in discerning variations in visual attention across diverse brand store displays. Originality/value: The study introduces an intelligent and cost-effective objective evaluate method founded upon visual saliency. This pioneering approach not only effectively discerns the efficacy of merchandising efforts but also holds the potential for extension to the assessment of fashion advertisements, home design and website aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional hydrogels have attracted tremendous interest in biomedical fields. In this study, we prepare hydrogel based on [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) (SBMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and GelMA acts as crosslinking agent to crosslink the P(SBMA-co-HEMA) molecular chain. The hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties (strength up to 1.21 MPa), fatigue resistance (withstands 50 compression tensile cycles and remains stable), and high transmittance enables visualization of hydrogel dressings. Furthermore, antibacterial experiments proves that hydrogel could significantly resist the adhesion of E. coli. and the hydrogel also has excellent antifreezing and water retention properties. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo assays reveals the hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and stability, making them competitive candidates for biomedical applications such as wound dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent mechanical properties and high-water retention of hydrogels will expand the application in the field of biomedical materials. In this work, we prepared hydrogel based on methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA), sulfobetaine and quaternized chitosan (QCS) by "one-pot" method. GelMA acts as cross-linking agent to cross-link the PSBMA network. QCS chains are interspersed in the PSBMA network. The hydrogel obtained after the polymerization initiated by ultraviolet light is further immersed in glycerin for solvent replacement. The hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties with a breaking stress of 4.73 MPa and a breaking strain of 160%. After 100 successive loading–unloading cycles, the hydrogel remains intact and the maximum load decreases slightly. In addition, the hydrogel has excellent antifreeze properties and remains flexible and transparent after being placed at − 20 °C for three days. Antibacterial experiments proved that hydrogel could effectively resist the adhesion of E. coli. In the trypsin solution, the hydrogel will be degraded, and the degradation rate can be regulated by trypsin concentration. The hydrogel also has good water retention and biocompatibility and is expected to be used in biological tissue replacement and medical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycled polyester textile fibers stemming from waste polyester material have been applied in the textile industry in recent years. However, there are few studies focusing on the evaluation and comparison of the environmental impacts caused by the production of virgin polyester textiles and recycled polyester textiles. In this study, the carbon footprint and water footprint of virgin polyester textiles and recycled polyester textiles were calculated and compared. The results showed that the carbon footprint of the virgin polyester textiles production was 119.59 kgCO2/100 kg. Terephthalic acid production process occupied the largest proportion, accounting for 45.83%, followed by polyester fabric production process, ethylene production process, paraxylene production process, ethylene glycol production process and polyester fiber production process. The total carbon footprint of waste polyester recycling was 1154.15 kgCO2/100 kg, approximately ten times that of virgin polyester textiles production. As for the water footprint, it showed that virgin polyester fabric production and recycled polyester fabric production both had great impact on water eutrophication and water scarcity. Chemical oxygen demand caused the largest water eutrophication footprint, followed by ammonia-nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand. The water scarcity footprint of virgin polyester fabric production and recycled polyester fabric production was 5.98 m3 H2Oeq/100 kg and 1.90 m3 H2Oeq/100 kg, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of carbon footprint and water footprint with the life cycle assessment polygon method indicated that the polyester fabric production process exhibited greater environmental impacts both for virgin polyester and recycled polyester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to understand the impact of mechanical action on the wrinkling of cotton fabrics in a drum washer, fabric movement was observed and a movement index system was developed to characterize the textile motion. Results showed that spinning speed and wash load were the major factors influencing the smoothness of cotton fabrics, with p values of 0.000 and 0.032, respectively. The analysis of fabric movement illustrated that when the wash load increased, the free motion region decreased and the ratio of passive motion region increased, resulting in severe wrinkling of cotton fabric. A regression model was developed to characterize the relationship between fabric movement and smoothness. These findings help the understanding of the mechanism of wrinkling during a drum washer washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the impact of mechanical action on the wrinkling of cotton fabrics in a drum washer, fabric movement was observed and a movement index system was developed to characterize the textile motion. Results showed that spinning speed and wash load were the major factors influencing the smoothness of cotton fabrics, with p values of 0.000 and 0.032, respectively. The analysis of fabric movement illustrated that when the wash load increased, the free motion region decreased and the ratio of passive motion region increased, resulting in severe wrinkling of cotton fabric. A regression model was developed to characterize the relationship between fabric movement and smoothness. These findings help the understanding of the mechanism of wrinkling during a drum washer washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile motion in a front-loading washer has been characterized via video capturing, and a processing system developed based on image geometric moment. Textile motion significantly contributes to the mass transfer of the wash solution in porous materials, particularly in the radial direction (perpendicular to the rotational axis of the inner drum). In this paper, the velocity profiles and residence time distributions of tracer textiles have been investigated to characterize the textile dynamics in a front-loading washer. The results show that the textile motion varies significantly with the water volume and rotational speed, and that the motion path follows certain patterns. Two regions are observed in the velocity plots: a passive region where the textile moves up with low velocity and an active region where the textile falls down with relatively high speed. A stagnant area in the residence time profile is observed. This corresponds to the passive region in the velocity profile. The stagnant area affects the mechanical action, thus influencing washing efficiency and textile performance. The findings on textile dynamics will help in the development of better front-loading washers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional computer vision methods cannot match human performance well on fabric smoothness classification, as this is a subjective assessment based on sparse, comprehensive and low-cost visual perception. This paper reports a new assessment method of fabric smoothness appearance, including feature designing and wrinkle classification. A multidimensional feature was designed by generalizing vector quantization of dense scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptors for sparse coding and max pooling. Sparse coding provides clear understanding about the receptive fields of visual neurons and can build a codebook from the low features. A one-against-rest linear support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to classify the nine grades of smoothness and quantized to level 0.1 by space distance. Results showed that the proposed approach achieved remarkable classification accuracy in comparison with Bag-of-Feature (BOF) and Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop hyperoside (Hyp) nanocrystals to enhance its dissolution rate, oral bioavailability and anti-HBV activity. Hyp nanocrystals were prepared using high pressure homogenization technique followed by lyophilization. A Box–Behnken design approach was employed for process optimization. The physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and anti-HBV activityin vivoof Hyp nanocrystal prepared with the optimized formulation were systematically investigated. Hyp nanocrystals prepared with the optimized formulation was found to be rod shaped with particle size of 384 ± 21 nm and PDI of 0.172 ± 0.027. XRPD studies suggested slight crystalline change in drug. Dissolution rate obtained from Hyp nanocrystals were markedly higher than pure Hyp. The nanocrystals exhibited enhanced Cmax(7.42 ± 0.73 versus 3.80 ± 0.66 mg/L) and AUC0 − t(193.61 ± 16.30 versus 91.92 ± 17.95 mg·h/L) with a 210.63% increase in relative bioavailability. Hyp nanocrystals exhibited significantly greater anti-HBV activity than Hyp. These results suggested that the developed nanocrystals formulation had a great potential as a viable approach to enhance the bioavailability of Hyp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) on dermal delivery and therapeutic effect for frostbite of nanogel containing triterpenoids isolated fromGanoderma lucidum(GLT). Methods: GLT nanosuspension (GLT-NS) was prepared by high pressure homogenization and then suitably gelled to obtain GLT nanogel. The effects of TUS on GLT releasing from GLT nanogel and GLT permeation through the excised rat abdominal skin were evaluated. Moreover, a comparative study was also undertaken between different treatments of frostbite in rats: topical application of GLT nanogel (alone), TUS (alone) and GLT nanogel + TUS (plus). Results: In thein vitrorelease study, TUS has no influence on drug release from the nanogel. Results of thein vitrotransdermal study indicated that TUS significantly increased the cumulative amount of GLT permeating across and into the skin and reduced the lag time in comparison with passive diffusion (without TUS). As evidenced by the significant increase of wound healing area and the improvement in frostbite, TUS applied with simultaneous treatment method could improve the therapeutic effect of the GLT nanogel for frostbite. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the TUS can be effectively used to actively enhance topical delivery of GLT from nanogel and improve the therapeutic effect for frostbite in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Generally, image-based evaluation on the performance of textile appearance such as smoothness and pilling was interfered by fabric pattern, color, and illumination. In this paper, a new method was used to reconstruct a 3D surface of fabric based on image’s features which could eliminate the influence of surface texture. Concretely, two parallel-placed digital cameras were calibrated based on planar pattern and the captured binocular images were rectified through epipolar line. The feature points of binocular images were extracted by the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform which could detect and describe local features of images was insensitive to transformations and colors. Based on the similarity in descriptor and a geometric constraint, pairs of sparse matched points were detected and were regarded as the source points of diffusion regions. Remaining points of the overlapped areas were then matched based on normalized cross correlation in “best-first” principle. The outputs of the system included a surface disparity map and the space coordinate of fabric. The experimental results showed that the high-fidelity 3D fabric surface reconstructed by the new method was insusceptible to fabric structures, colors, fiber contents, etc., providing available solution for the further inspection on the performance of textile appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Online fashion shopping platforms presenting 2D images or adjustable fitting models cannot meet individual fitting demands, especially special body types. In this paper, we present a novel virtual reconstruction system based on multiview stereo (MVS) which can rapidly output 3D point cloud and reconstruct body shape. Concretely, overlapped photos were taken with interaction from different views to cover the whole body. The larger set of disordered photos then were serialized as sequence images and a sparse set of matched key points were detected based on image scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT). Multi-View stereopsis based on image features was used to outline dense cloud points. The proposed algorithm can automatically reconstruct individual body and output dense 3D points without expensive apparatus and special scanning environment. It also can be interfaced with major measurement software for individual body measurement, which is useful to consumers for just-in-time measurements and online fashion shopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cucurbitacin B (Cu B), a potent anti-cancer agent, suffers with the problems of water-insoluble, gastrointestinal side effects and non-specific toxicity via oral administration and drawbacks in patient's compliance and acceptance through injections. An integration of nanoscale carriers with mucoadhesive buccal films drug delivery system would resolve these issues effectively with greater therapeutic benefits and clinical significance. Thus, the drug loaded mucoadhesive buccal film was developed and characterized in this study and the carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) was chosen as a bioadhesive polymer, glycerol was chosen as a plasticizer and phospholipid-bile salts-mixed micelles (PL-BS-MMs) was selected as the nanoscale carriers. The CCS-films containing Cu B loaded PL-SDC-MMs was evaluated for the mechanical properties, mucoadhesion properties, in vitro water-uptake, in vitro release and morphological properties, respectively. The optimal CCS-films containing Cu B loaded PL-SDC-MMs was easily reconstituted in a transparent and clear solution with spherical micelles in the submicron range. The in vivo study revealed a greater and more extended release of Cu B from nanoscale CCS-films compared to that from a conventional CCS films (C-CCS-films) and oral marketed tablet (Hulusupian). The absorption of Cu B from CCS-films containing Cu B loaded PL-SDC-MMs resulted in 2.69-fold increased in bioavailability as compared to conventional tablet formulation and 10.46 times with reference to the C-CCS-films formulation. Thus, this kind of mucoadhesive buccal film might be an alternative safe route for delivery of Cu B with better patient compliance and higher bioavailability for the treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]