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Background: In 2021, a once-in-a-century heavy rainstorm suddenly attacked Zhengzhou, an important inland city in northern China. However, there have been no studies on the psychological health of disaster-stricken residents. This study is the first to comprehensively report on the mental health status and related factors of local ordinary residents after the heavy rainstorm. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mental health status and related influencing factors of local ordinary residents after the flood disaster, and to provide reference for government departments to formulate disaster psychological intervention countermeasures based on evidence-driven strategies. Methods: The snowball sampling technique was used in this study, and measurement tools of Rainstorm Exposure Questionnaire, Subjective Perception of Rainstorm, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DAS-21) and Chinese version of Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to evaluate the rainstorm exposure, subjective perception of the rainstorm, psychological symptoms and social support of the disaster-stricken residents within a week after the rainstorm. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the psychological status and related factors of local residents after the rainstorm disaster. Results: A total of 469 valid samples were obtained in this study. All the subjects were in the disaster area and experienced the rainstorm personally, with normal intelligence. The statistical results showed that 25.37% people had experienced at least three rainstorm-related stresses, nearly 20.26% people had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and 39.3%, 53.92% and 65.83% people had depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that female (all p < 0.05), the divorced, agricultural workers/farmers (all p < 0.05), students (all p < 0.05), people experiencing at least three rainstorm-related stresses (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), people with lower satisfaction at the social flood fighting measures (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and people with low social support (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) were all independent risk factors for poor psychological health, and college education or above (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), the lower degree of worrying about themselves (all p < 0.01), family members (all p < 0.01) and family property (all p < 0.01) were all related to higher psychological health among flood survivors after the disaster. Conclusions: Rainstorm could cause local residents to have various degrees of psychological symptoms. This study identified factors associated with the psychological health of disaster-stricken residents, which could be used to develop psychological interventions in improving psychological health of local residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method was used to simulate the cardiac flow in children with aseptal defect. The inner wall model of the heart was reconstructed from 210 computed tomography scans. By simulating and comparing the cardiac flow field, the pressure field, the blood oxygen content, and the distribution of entropy generation before and after an operation, the effects of septal defect on pulmonary hypertension(PH), cyanosis, and heart load were analyzed in detail. It is found that the atrial septal defect(ASD) of the child we analyzed had a great influence on the blood oxygen content in the pulmonary artery, which leads to lower efficiency of oxygen binding in the lungs and increases the burden on the heart. At the same time, it also significantly enhanced the entropy generation rate of the cardiac flow, which also leads to a higher heart load. However, the main cause of PH is not ASD, but ventricular septal defect (VSD). Meanwhile, it significantly reduced the blood oxygen content in the brachiocephalic trunk, but rarely affects the blood oxygen contents in the downstream left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and descending aorta are not significantly affected by VSD. It causes severe cyanosis on the face and lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Content, Context, Connection and Researching, Reasoning, Reflecting (3C3R) model is a conceptual framework for problem-based learning (PBL) problem design. We introduced the 3C3R-PBL method into a pediatric teaching plan, and evaluated its effectiveness and feasibility. The 3C3R model was applied in a pediatric problem design teaching plan “why the lips turn purple when a baby is crying”. All students were assigned either into a traditional PBL course or into a 9-step 3C3R model PBL course (3C3R-PBL). The performance outcomes of both groups were compared. For the PBL group, the proportion of students scoring ≥4 for content, context, and problem design connection, was 90.8%, 80.3%, and 64.5% respectively, while for tutors, it was 71.4%, 71.4%, and 28.6%; for researching, reasoning, and reflecting, the proportion of students scoring ≥4 was 81.6%, 55.3%, and 40.8%, while for tutors, it was 71.4%, 100%, and 57.1%. The learning difficulty was not considered high with only 31.6% of students and 42.9% of tutors rating the task as difficult. For the 3C3R-PBL group, the proportion of students scoring content, context, and connection, ≥4 was 100%, 98.4%, and 90.5%, while for tutors it was 100%, 100%, 83.3%; for researching, reasoning, and reflecting, the proportion of students scoring ≥4 was 95.2%, 88.9%, and 76.2%, while for tutors it was 100% for all 3 R components. Students and tutors were convinced by the content, case context, research process and reasoning process of both teaching plans, while scores for connection and reflecting were significantly improved when the PBL plan was amended by a 3C3R model (p<0.05) and the case learning difficulty was statistically increased (p<0.05). The 3C3R model, evaluated for the first time in China, was helpful for effective and reliable problem design in a pediatric PBL teaching plan for Chinese students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in the acute and chronic phase of the disease is of prime importance for assessing the likelihood of acute lesions and cardiovascular sequelae. Occasionally, recognition of distal coronary artery has been proven challenging by traditional echocardiography. Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical application of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for detecting CAA caused by Kawasaki disease (KD) and compare with dual-source computed tomography (DSCT). A total of 24 patients with known KD and CAAs were studied by two imaging modalities, i.e., 2DE and DSCT; that is to say, the number, position, shape, and size of each CAA and its association with thrombus, were detected first from echocardiography and then compared with those obtained from DSCT performed on the same day. Meanwhile the diameters of all coronary segments were measured for each patient. Giant aneurysms (GAs) were detected in 5 patients, small and medium coronary aneurysms were identified in 19 patients. The 2DE and DSCT have the same results of proximal coronary artery, whereas conclusion of our comparison of coronary artery visualization indicated that DSCT provided more explicit distal coronary artery than 2DE. A mural thrombus could be clearly delineated in the GAs by DSCT. The 2DE has been demonstrated to be an accurate technique to quantify CAAs in KD. However, DSCT is superior to 2DE for distal coronary artery visualization. Therefore, a combination of echocardiography and DSCT can offer an overview of coronary artery anatomy. (Echocardiography 2011;28:1025-1034) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual endoscopy (VE) is a new post-processing method that uses volumetric data sets to simulate the tracks of a 'conventional' flexible endoscope. However, almost all studies of this method have involved virtual visualizations of the cardiovascular structures applied to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) datasets. This paper introduces a novel visualization method called the 'three-dimensional echocardiographic intracardiac endoscopic simulation system (3DE IESS)', which uses 3D echocardiographic images in a virtual reality (VR) environment to diagnose congenital heart disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of VE in the evaluation of congenital heart disease in children and its accuracy compared with 2DE. Three experienced pediatric cardiologists blinded to the patients' diagnoses separately reviewed 40 two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) datasets and 40 corresponding VE datasets and judged whether abnormal intracardiac anatomy was present in terms of a five-point scale (1 = definitely absent; 2 = probably absent; 3 = cannot be determined; 4 = probably present; and 5 = definitely present). Compared with clinical diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of VE was 98.7% for ASD, 92.4% for VSD, 92.6% for TOF, and 94% for DORV, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of VE was significantly higher than that of 2DE for TOF and DORV except for ASD and VSD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for VE was closer to the optimal performance point than was the ROC curve for 2DE. The area under the ROC curve was 0.96 for VE and 0.93 for 2DE. Kappa values (range, 0.73-0.79) for VE and 2DE indicated substantial agreement. 3D echocardiographic VE can enhance our understanding of intracardiac structures and facilitate the evaluation of congenital heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]