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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of single and combined applications of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bacteria on plant nutrition, biochemical content and fruit characteristics in Albion and Monterey strawberry cultivars. Bacillus subtilis OSU-142, Bacillus megaterium M3 and Paenibacillus polymyx were the PGPR used in the experiment. For each bacterial treatment, 10 mL of a 108 CFU mL−1 suspension was applied to the soil where Albion and Monterey cultivars were grown. PGPR bacteria were applied as single treatments and a mixture of equal amounts of these three bacterial species was applied as a mixed treatment. This study was carried out with a total of four different bacterial treatments and one control group. The highest fruit weight was obtained in the Monterey cultivar with 12.67 g in the Mix treatment and in the Albion cultivar with 11.79 g in the Bacillus megaterium M3 treatment. Regarding biochemical properties, Paenibacillus polymyxa was effective in influencing nutrient element content in fruits, while Bacillus subtilis OSU-142, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus megaterium M3 applications were more effective in leaf nutrient element content. It has been observed that the Mix treatment resulting from the combined use of bacteria, rather than their separate use, has a greater impact on fruit weight. Consequently, it has been understood that PGPR bacteria are potentially effective in improving the agronomic, pomological, and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cultivars and can be used in studies and breeding programs aimed at increasing strawberry yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The draft Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) regulation mandates compliance with best available techniques (BATs) for textile manufacturers. A study in Turkish textile facilities, covering 56 units across four sub-sectors, assessed the status of 488 BATs through on-site visits and surveys. The aim was to gauge the sector's adherence to BATs. The findings revealed that 37% of surveyed BATs were fully implemented, rising to 88% when considering potential future implementations. This suggests a strong industry inclination toward adopting BATs for cleaner production and competitiveness. The study highlighted significant BAT-related investments in the textile sector, driven by environmental concerns, regulations, customer demands, resource efficiency, competition, and cost-benefit considerations. However, the study results also indicated that there is still much work to do for the implementation of some BATs. It was found that 60 BATs had lower implementation ratios (IR: 0%–3%). Lower IR values for these BATs are mainly due to factors like specificity, high costs, long payback periods, operational difficulties, limited expertise, space constraints, customer requirements, quality concerns, operational issues, and sector-specific challenges. The study recommends similar assessments in other European industrial sectors to evaluate compliance with mandatory BATs outlined in the Industrial Emissions Directive. The insights from this study on the Turkish textile sector can serve as a valuable guide for future evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the protein, fat, mineral, fatty acid, and bioactive compound contents of 47 walnut hybrids obtained by intraspecies hybridization of G1, G2, and G3 walnut genotypes with Chandler, Maraş 18, and Pedro walnut cultivars. A wide variation was found between the hybrid walnut genotypes regarding the investigated properties. Among the hybrid genotypes, C1 had the highest bioactive compound content in terms of total flavonoids with 147.63 mg 100 g−1, P4 had the highest antioxidant activity with 72.73 mmol 100 g−1, and M13 had the highest total phenolic content with 1465.87 mg 100 g−1. In addition, the highest oleic acid content was 23.23%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was 23.4%. The M15 had the highest protein content (18.06%) and total fat content (68.3%). Genotype P6 showed the highest results in terms of K (764.26 mg 100 g−1), P (764.26 mg 100 g−1), Fe (2.61 mg 100 g−1), PUFA (74.11%) and linoleic acid (63.74%). Similarly, the P15 genotype was found to be significant for fatty acids, with the highest values for myristric acid (0.07%), eicosenoic acid (1.164%), and eicosadienoic acid (0.069%). According to the principal component analysis, the eigenvalue for 10 principal components was above 1. It corresponded to 82.5% of the total variation, thus effectively revealing the variation among walnut genotypes for the investigated characteristics. These results indicate that most of the examined walnut genotypes are rich in minerals, fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. Therefore, these walnut hybrids with high nutritional value and health-important traits can be used as genetic material in walnut breeding programs and to develop new walnut cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of high or low temperatures and high salt may cause significant harm to the yield, quality, and overall productivity of forage pea crops. The germination process, a crucial phase in the life cycle of forage peas, may be greatly influenced by varying temperature and salinity conditions. To comprehend the influence of these elements on the germination of forage peas, one must use many tactics, including the choice of resilient forage pea cultivars. The experiment aimed to evaluate the response of four forage pea cultivars (Arda, Ozkaynak, Taskent, and Tore) caused by various temperature (10 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C) and salt (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m−1) conditions at the germination stage using multivariate analysis and machine learning methods. An observation of statistical significance (p < 0.01) was made regarding the variations between genotypes, temperature–salt levels, and the interaction of the observed factors: germination percentage (GP), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW). The cultivar Tore had the best values for SL (1.63 cm), RL (5.38 cm), FW (1.10 g), and DW (0.13 g) among all the cultivars. On the other hand, the Ozkaynak cultivar had the highest value for GP (89.13%). The values of all of the parameters that were investigated decreased as the salt level rose, whereas the values increased when the temperature level increased. As a result, the Tore cultivar exhibited the highest values for shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight variables when exposed to a maximum temperature of 20 °C and a saline level of 0 dS m−1. It was determined that temperature treatment of fodder peas can reduce salt stress if kept at optimum levels. The effects of temperature and salt treatments on the germination data of several fodder pea cultivars were analyzed and predicted. Three distinct machine learning algorithms were used to create predictions. Based on R2 (0.899), MSE (5.344), MAPE (6.953), and MAD (4.125) measures, the MARS model predicted germination power (GP) better. The GPC model performed better in predicting shoot length (R2 = 0.922, MSE = 0.602, MAPE = 11.850, and MAD = 0.326) and root length (R2 = 0.900, MSE = 0.719, MAPE = 12.673, and MAD = 0.554), whereas the Xgboost model performed better in estimating fresh weight (R2 = 0.966, MSE = 0.130, MAPE = 11.635, and MAD = 0.090) and dry weight (R2 = 0.895, MSE = 0.021, MAPE = 12.395, and MAD = 0.013). The results of the research show that the techniques and analyses used can estimate stress tolerance, susceptibility levels, and other plant parameters, making it a cost-effective and reliable way to quickly and accurately study forage peas and related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plums have recently played a significant role in agriculture with their high fiber content, vitamins, and antioxidant substances. In addition to being consumed as fresh fruit worldwide, it is grown commercially in dried form or as various processed additives. In this study, the variation among plum genotypes growing naturally in the garden borders of Suşehri, Koyulhisar, and Akıncılar districts of Sivas province, located in the Kelkit Valley, Türkiye, was investigated using morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses. In terms of morphological characteristics, genotype E9 stood out as having the highest values in terms of fruit weight (25.92 g), fruit width (33.11 mm), and fruit height (34.70 mm). According to the results of biochemical analysis, statistically significant differences were found in total biochemical contents. Genotype E19 has 327.01 mg GAE/100 g for total phenolic content, genotype E11 with 109.98 mg QE/100 g for total flavonoid content, genotype E5 with 48.70% for total antioxidant value, and genotype E9 with 44.54 mg cyn-3-gluc/100 g for total anthocyanin content were the highest values. To determine the genetic diversity of plums at a molecular level, 10 different ISSR primers were used, and a total of 80.00 scorable bands were obtained. 67.00 of the bands obtained were polymorphic. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method, the similarity index ranged between 0.69 and 0.99, and two different main groups were formed in the dendrogram. Genotypes 21 and 22 were in the first group. Genotypes E6 and E7 were the closest genotypes with a similarity index 0.99. Five of the 10 different inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers had 100% polymorphism, and eight had 80% or more polymorphism. It is thought that the results obtained in plum genotypes can guide researchers to understand the characteristics of plum species and to integrate the appropriate genetic material or trait of interest into modern plant breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye is the homeland of many plant species and has a significant genetic diversity. It is seen that different natural almond species grown in the region were included in the breeding research conducted on almonds, which is one of these critical species. In this study, natural almond genotypes grown in Türkiye and different commercial foreign-origin almond cultivar and genotypes obtained from intraspecies hybridization were evaluated morphologically and molecularly. In the hybrid genotypes obtained, plant growth was determined as weak, medium, and strong; plant habitus was upright, upright to spreading, spreading, and drooping; anthocyanin coloration was determined as light, medium, and strong; shoot pubescence was weak and strong, leaf blade/leaf width ratio was determined as medium and high. To determine the genetic diversity of parent plants and hybrid genotypes molecularly, 10 different inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used, a total of 99 scoreable bands, 84 of which were determined as polymorphic. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA), the similarity index varied between 0.67 and 0.97, and two different main groups were formed in the dendrogram. Ninety-eight of 141 hybrid genotypes are in the first group. Genotypes Texas × A1-10 and Texas × A4-4 were included in the first group with a similarity index of 0.97. 100% polymorphism was determined in five different ISSR primers, and 80% or higher polymorphism was determined in seven of 10 primers. This group includes genotypes obtained from combinations using the Texas cultivar, mainly depending on the parent's parents. In the second leading group, there are 34 different hybrid individuals with mother and father parents. The results obtained would guide researchers in almond breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine chewing lice species of the wild birds, which were brought to the Veterinary Health, Practice and Research Center and Wild Animal Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, between May 2018-August 2022. For this purpose, 75 wild birds injured or sick, which needed medical treatment when they arrived at the hospital, were examined for chewing lice. A total of 356 lice specimens were collected, representing 148 males, 157 females and 51 nymphs. The majority of the bird lice collected (317 out of 356) belonged to Amlyceran suborder, while a small number of them (39 out of 356) were obtained in the Ischnoceran suborder. Piagetiella titan (47.8%) detected in Pelecanus onocrotalus was the most common louse species. This was followed by Laemobothrion maximum (16.0%) detected in Clanga pomarina, Buteo rufinus, Circaetus gallicus. Ciconiphilus quadripustulatus (16.0%), Neophilopterus incompletus (10.4%) and Colpocephalum zebra (7.3%) species were detected in Ciconia ciconia. Other species (Colpocephalum ecaudati, Colpocephalum nanum, Pectinopygus forficulatus) were in small numbers (2.5%). Colpocephalum ecaudati found on black kite (Milvus migrans) was reported for the first time in Türkiye. The results of this study contributed to the lice fauna obtained from wild birds in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its enormous genetic pool, Türkiye is the homeland of the fig and many plant species. The common fig species in the country's natural population are Ficus carica var. caprificus (male figs), Ficus carica var. domestica (female figs; edible figs), and Ficus carica var. rupestris. In this study, the morphological and molecular characterization of 42 genotypes, including those obtained by selection from the Ficus carica var. rupestris (Hausskn.) Browicz population, which is naturally spread in a limited area in Tunceli province, was performed. This study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of 23 fig genotypes. These results showed that tree growth habit, lateral shoot formation, apical dominancy, and leaf length characteristics were highly discriminant variables for phenotypic description in wild fig genotypes. The genetic relationship between the genotypes was demonstrated with 12 SRAP and 9 ISSR primers. As a result of the study, it was determined that the genetic similarity values ranged between 0.52 and 0.94. It was determined that the first five essential components (PCA) contributed 20.87%, 13.21%, 10.66%, 9.58%, and 7.11% of the total variation, respectively, and their cumulative rate corresponded to 61.43% of the total variation. Very detailed results on the genetic variation in the fig population in the region were obtained by morphological features and molecular methods. The seven genotypes selected were propagated to determine their potential for dwarf rootstocks. The results of the present study may provide significant leads for further research on this subject. The potential of dwarf rootstocks in figs can be an essential tool for modern fruit growing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Erciyes Agriculture & Animal Science is the property of Erciyes Tarim ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This groundbreaking study explores the untapped potential of blackberries, a member of the Rubus genus in the Rosaceae family, and sheds light on their remarkable health and medicinal properties. Unlike previous research conducted in other regions, this investigation focuses specifically on the blackberry fruit's phytochemical constituents, chromatographic fractionations, and antioxidant activities in the Koisinjaq and Erbil villages of Northern Iraq. The research unveils seven distinct fractions obtained through column chromatography, with Fractions 2 and 3,5 found to contain p-coumaric acid and rutin, respectively, while Fraction 2 also houses chlorogenic acid. The analysis reveals the impressive richness of the methanolic blackberry extract in phenolic content (38.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight [DW]), flavonoids (14.58 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW), flavonols (6.95 mg rutin equivalent/g DW), and anthocyanins (7.73 mg/kg DW), underlining the fruit's potent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, blackberries display exceptional ferric-reduction and metal-chelating capabilities, with 20.53 mg FeSO4/g and 182.12 mg Fe2+/g DW, respectively. Remarkably, blackberries also exhibit a remarkable ability to inhibit amylase activity (76.01%). These findings open up exciting prospects for utilizing blackberry fruit as a natural and potent source of phytochemicals and antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries, promising transformative applications in health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild animals play an important role as amplifiers and/or reservoir hosts in the ecology of many ticks and tick-borne pathogens affecting livestock and humans. In this study, which was carried out in the Hatay province, the southernmost region of Anatolia, a total of 362 (210°C, 146 °C, 6N) tick specimens were collected from 18 wild animals from 7 species, including white stork (Ciconia ciconia) (n = 1), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (n = 5), badger (Meles meles) (n = 2), jackal (Canis aureus) (n = 3), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (n = 5), hare (Lepus europaeus) (n = 1), and wild goat (Capra aegagrus) (n = 1), which were obtained between 2014 and 2022. The collected ticks were identified according to morphological criteria at the level of species as Amblyomma lepidum, Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis erinacei, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica, Ixodes gibbosus, Ixodes kaiseri, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus kohlsi, Rhipicephalus rossicus, and Rhipicephalus turanicus. With this study, A. lepidum was reported for the first time in Türkiye, while R. rossicus detected in roe deer was reported for the first time in wild animals, and the lesser-known/rare tick H. kopetdaghica was reported for the second time in wild goats where it was previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate changes in fruit characteristics, total phenolics, total antioxidant capacity, organic acids, sugar content, and fatty acid composition in ten walnut genotypes and three cultivars grown at different altitudes under Mediterranean climate conditions. At altitudes of 500 m and 1200 m, total phenolics ranged between 237.51 and 412.96 mg GAE/100 g dw and 234.94 and 392.31 mg GAE/100 g dw, respectively. According to DPPH radical inhibition, the total antioxidant capacity varied between 47.65% and 64.99% at an altitude of 500 m and between 57.76% and 68.92% at an altitude of 1200 m. The oil content demonstrated variations between 53.44% and 76.17% at an elevation of 500 m and between 43.11% and 67.03% at an altitude of 1200 m. At both 500 m and 1200 m altitudes, linoleic acid emerged as the predominant fatty acid and ranged from 58.82% to 62.44% at 500 m altitude and from 57.33% to 59.38% at 1200 m altitude. Notably, malic acid was identified as the primary organic acid, with concentrations ranging from 1.35% to 7.33% at both altitudes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that walnut seeds are abundant in oil, protein, total phenolics, antioxidants, and fatty acids, with variations influenced by the cultivar or genotype and notably affected by altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accipitriform raptors are significant indicators of biodiversity and environmental health. Currently, most of the studies on avian haemosporidian parasites are on passerine birds, and data on raptors is constricted, with similarities both around the world and in Turkey. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium spp. in raptors by microscopy and nested PCR technique. The study material consisted of 47 accipitriform raptors (Buteo buteo: 14, Buteo rufinus: 7, Clanga pomarina: 8, Circaetus gallicus: 12, Milvus migrans: 6). The prevalence of haemosporidian infection was 12.8% (6/47, 1 from Buteo buteo, 4 from Clanga pomarina, 1 from Milvus migrans) microscopically and 14.9% (7/47) molecularly. One Circaetus gallicus, microscopically found to be negative, probably due to low parasitemia, was molecularly found to be positive. All PCR-positive amplicons were bidirectionally sequenced, and the identification of lineages of the isolates and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the MalAvi and GenBank databases. The study revealed H-MILANS02 lineage in Buteo buteo, H-MILANS02 and P-CIAE1 lineages in Clanga pomarina, P-GRW06 lineage in Circaetus gallicus, and P-RTSR1 lineage in Milvus migrans, respectively. While this study removes the uncertainty regarding the reporting of the H-MILANS02 lineage in Turkey, it is also the first report to reveal 3 different Plasmodium spp. CytB lineages in raptors. Moreover, the fact that the P-GRW06 lineage (Plasmodium elongatum) detected in passerine birds was detected in a raptor, Circaetus gallicus, draws attention to the need for further investigations on host-parasite interaction and gives clues about the host-shifting ability of this parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Althaea officinalis L. has been widely used traditionally as an herbal tea and for the treatment of cough, mucous membrane irritation, colds, and inflammation. Parts of the plant extracts were analyzed using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS. The total phenolic content, radical scavenging activities, and enzyme inhibitions (urease and xanthine oxidase) of the extracts were determined spectroscopically. The main molecules of this plant and their 3D structures were built using the LigPrep module of Schrödinger Maestro 11.5 with the OPLS3 force field. Additionally, these molecules were analyzed for various physical descriptors and pharmaceutically relevant properties for ADME prediction using the QikProp tool of the Schrodinger Suite. Through HPLC-DAD-MS analysis, abundant compounds such as hesperidin, epigallocatechin, myricetin, and apigenin-7-glucoside were detected in the extracts. Moreover, the methanol extracts from the flowers showed a higher inhibition effect on xanthine oxidase (XO). In silico results indicated that the thirteen molecules exhibited strong inhibitory activity toward XO. However, according to the ADME results, the overall compounds, except for rutin and hesperidin, displayed low values of violations of Lipinski's rule of five and predicted pharmacokinetic parameters. They also exhibited drug-likeness features with minimal violations. The HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis of the extracts from Althaea officinalis revealed a rich phenolic content in this plant. These therapeutic and preventive compounds may be worth considering for isolation and further exploration as natural remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, and mineral element content of standard hazelnut cultivars and accessions from the Eastern Black Sea region. A wide variation was determined in terms of the traits examined between hazelnut accessions and cultivars. Most of the accessions investigated had higher values of bioactive compounds, oleic acid, stearic acid, Na, and Ca than the standard cultivars. Among accessions investigated, S-1 had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants (557.3 mg/100 g and 0.53 mmol/100 g) while P-4 had the lowest (307.3 mg/100 g and 0.22 mmol/100 g). The highest oleic acid content was determined in P-2 (87.16%); the lowest was in H-1 (71.24%). Linoleic acid ranged from 4.35% (P-1) to 18.06% (H-1). P-2 (3349 mg/kg and 2464 mg/kg, respectively) had the highest K and P contents. The highest Mg content was found in S-1 (1787 mg/kg). The highest value of Ca and Na was determined in P-1 (2701 mg/kg and 412 mg/kg, respectively). Principal component analysis revealed that the traits studied could effectively explain the variability among hazelnut genetic sources. First, three components explained about 60% of total variation. PC1 was related to arachidonic acid and most of the mineral elements (P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Cd, Ni, and S), and explained 27.6% of the total variation. PC2 explained 18.3% of the total variation, and was mainly related to oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, as well as Ca. PC3 was related to total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and palmitic acid, and explained 14.5% of total variation. The oleic acid had a strong negative correlation with linoleic acid (−0.99 ***) and linolenic acid (−0.95 ***). A strong positive correlation was determined between antioxidant activity and total flavonoids (r = 0.95 ***). K content showed a strong positive correlation with P (r = 0.92 ***) and Mg (r = 0.82 ***) contents. A strong positive correlation was also determined between P and Mg (r = 0.91***). These findings revealed that many of the accessions investigated were a good source of fatty acids and bioactive compounds. As a conclusion, most accessions with superior nutritional content can be evaluated as genetic material for the development of new cultivars in hazelnut breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FSM Scholarly Studies Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences / FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of FSM Scholarly Studies Journal of Humanities & Social Scienes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Raisins are a significant grape product with an annual trade volume of approximately USD 2 billion. There are various methods employed for drying grapes into raisins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different drying methods on raisins, specifically, without pretreatment (SD), treatment with potassium carbonate (5%) containing 2% olive oil (POT), and treatment with ashy water with 2.5% olive oil (AOW). The study examined the changes in raisin weight, physicochemical characteristics, total phenolics, antioxidant and anthocyanin contents, color properties, and protein content in three grape varieties: Deyvani, Haseni, and Reşek. The results indicated that POT treatment resulted in the lightest raisins in Deyvani (0.48 g) and Reşek (0.58 g), while Haseni exhibited the heaviest raisins (0.64 g) under the same treatment. The variations in physicochemical characteristics were relatively limited compared to the changes observed in phenolic and antioxidant properties. Nontreated raisins had the lowest anthocyanin content across all varieties. Protein content was significantly affected by the POT treatment, while the effects of the AOW and SD treatments were comparatively minor. SD drying resulted in slightly brighter raisins, but lower phenolic content and significantly lower color properties. The findings of this study highlight the differential effects of drying methods on different grape varieties, emphasizing the importance of considering a variety-specific approach when selecting the drying method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the determination of hydroxylamine (H−A) using a curcumin‐modified pencil graphite electrode prepared with the electropolymerization of curcumin (PolyCurc‐PGE). The PolyCurc‐PGE showed a remarkable electrocatalytic response for H−A oxidation compared with bare PGE. Amperometric and cyclic voltammetric measurements were performed based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of H−A at PolyCurc‐PGE. Some parameters, such as monomer concentration, pH, and cycle number during electropolymerization, were optimized to obtain the best electrochemical response of the modified electrode towards H−A. Results show that the PolyCurc‐PGE gives a linear response towards H−A oxidation in the range from 0.50 μM to 500 μM (R2=0.9984). In addition, the sensitivity and detection limit (LOD) of PolyCurc‐PGE were found to be 5432 μA mM−1 cm2 and 0.15 μM H−A, respectively. The developed amperometric method was successfully applied to determine H−A in pharmaceutical and water samples, and acceptable results were obtained with high accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salinity is one of the outstanding abiotic stress conditions that a significant part of the world faces. In recent years, beneficial microorganisms started to be utilized in plants to overcome several abiotic factors, including salinity. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mixture on growth and enzymatic responses in basil under salt stress were investigated using saline doses of 0 mM (Control), 150 mM, and 300 mM. Results showed that AMF enhanced all growth parameters, but only the leaf number was statistically significant. However, antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 25%, catalase (CAT) by 25%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 5%, significantly enhanced. At the same time, the accumulation of oxidative enzymes, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), was reduced, from 12.05 μmol g−1 fw (control) to 11.17 μmol g−1 fw (AMF) and from 14.29 μmol g−1 fw to 10.74 μmol g−1 fw, respectively. AMF also significantly alleviated the chlorophyll loss caused by increasing saline doses. Multivariate analyses revealed the co-occurrence of stress metabolism enzymes as well as the proximate effect of AMF inoculation on basil yield and enzymatic activity. As a result, AMF was considered an appropriate tool for increasing growth and reducing salt stress under both stress-free and saline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, concentrations of elements were determined in edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean levels (mg kg−1) of 0.67 for Cd, 6.9 for As, 0.79 for Pb, 2 for Ni, and 42.6 for Zn exceeded the maximum limits in the digestive glands. Also, the mean concentrations of Cd and As in muscle and of Cd and Ni in gills were above the maximum limits. The highest value was found for As in a digestive gland, with 65.4% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. In addition, the lowest percentage belonged to Zn with 0.2% of PTWI in muscles and 0.3% of PTWI in gills of the mussels. Mercury concentrations were well below legal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is one of the most important centers of origin for hazelnuts as well as many fruit species. The Black Sea Region of Turkey, where hazelnut cultivation has been carried out for centuries, is very rich in hazelnut genetic resources. This study aims to assess phenotypic variation in nut traits and genetic diversity revealed by inter simple sequences repeat (ISSR) markers in hazelnut germplasm resources from the Eastern Black Sea Region. The nine local hazelnut accessions had a range of 1.68 g to 2.92 g for nut weight, 0.92 g to 1.44 g for kernel weight and 49.3% to 61.7% for kernel percentage. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed that nut traits could effectively explain the variability among hazelnut germplasm resources. Molecular marker analysis yielded a total of 80 bands, 74 of which were polymorphic, from 9 inter simple sequence repeat primers. The rate of polymorphism varied between 66.7% and 100.0%. Similarity index of hazelnut cultivars and accessions was computed between 0.46 and 0.88. Research findings may contribute to the conservation and maintaining of hazelnut genetic resources. The present study suggests that the accession H-1 with superior nut traits could be good genetic material for the development of new cultivars in future hazelnut breeding efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to its ecological and geographical location, Turkey is the homeland of many fruit species and allows many fruit species to be grown. Hawthorn, which is understood to be important in human health and nutrition, is one of these fruit types. This study was carried out to identify morphological, biochemical, and molecular genetic variations of 22 hawthorn genotypes belonging to three different species collected from Kayseri province. The fruit (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and soluble solid content) and leaf (leaf length, leaf width, petiole thickness) characteristics of the genotypes showed differences. Among the biochemical properties of the genotypes, the antioxidant activity, as % inhibition, ranged from 23.13 to 61.59%, the total flavonoid content ranged from 14.63 to 57.22 mg QE/100 g, and the total phenolic content ranged from 277.28 to 310.80 mg GAE/100 g. In the principal component analysis, species generally formed similar clusters. In molecular marker analysis, 101 bands were obtained from 13 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) primers. 76 of the bands were polymorphic and the polymorphism rate was calculated as 75.24%. The similarity index in the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean of Cluster analysis) dendogram because of the molecular analysis ranged between 0.71 and 0.88. In the dendrogram, genotypes did not show a dense clustering by species. The results obtained may benefit researchers in the determination and protection of genetic resources in breeding studies on hawthorn species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Erciyes Agriculture & Animal Science is the property of Erciyes Tarim ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University / Gazi Osman Pasa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common disease characterized by the development of recurrent itchy blisters and/or angioedema lasting longer than 6 weeks. The evidence-based diagnosis of CU is described in the most recent urticaria guideline. Metabolomics has the potential to offer diagnostic biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of diseases and predict the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical interventions. Determining the variation in metabolites found in the plasma of CU patients (n = 20) and 20 controls has therefore been the goal of this investigation. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry after applying acetonitrile precipitation. For the purpose of identifying and characterizing metabolites, the METLIN database was utilized. According to results, 21 metabolites were found to be significantly (VIP score > 0.7, p <.05 and fold analysis >1.5) altered. Differentiations between each group were successful via both OPLS-DA and ROC analysis. While plasma allantoate, homogentisate, indole acetate, proline, phenylalanine levels decreased in CU patients compared to healthy subjects, tryptophan, spermidine, phenyl pyruvate, oleic acid, lysine, valine, ornithine, histidine, glutamate, leucine, kynurenine, hypoxanthine, tyrosine, glucose, creatine and cortisol levels were significantly increased. Diagnosis of CU could be achieved by evaluating the metabolic profile of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Journal of Ankara University / Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While the COVID-19 disease progresses mildly or asymptomatically in some people, its progression is severe and symptomatic in others, and it is an issue that requires a scientific response regarding the disease. The present study includes 60 people infected with COVID-19, and the cases were divided into the following groups: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe. Serum Zn, Se, and Cu levels of these groups were analyzed by ICP-MS. All measurements in the patients were compared with those of 32 healthy individuals. When the patient group is compared with the control group, the serum Zn and Se concentrations were statistically low (p < 0.001) in the patient group. Serum Zn level decreased significantly in 4 different patient groups compared to the control group. Although the serum Se level decreased in all four patient groups compared to the control group, the change in Se level was statistically significant only in the severe and mild patient groups. This study examined serum Zn, Se concentrations, and biochemical parameters in patients with different severity of COVID-19, compared them with healthy individuals, and revealed new targets for diagnosis and treatment by revealing those data that may be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin and its derivatives named curcuminoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds extensively marketed as a nutraceutical. The wide therapeutic potential of curcumin is highly explored by the authors. Therefore, pharma industries made many clinical inventions to bring it to the market as a drug. In this study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive High Performance Liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determinations of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bis-desmethoxycurcumin (BDMC) was optimized and validated. Separation of curcumin, DMC, and BDMC was performed using the C18 column. Six factors, including the solvent type, ratio of mobile phase, flow rate of mobile phase, column temperature, injection volume, and wavelength, were investigated. The LOD and LOQ were observed to be 0.001 and 0.003 mg/L, R² value < 0,99, respectively. RSD (%) is 0.974 for interday, and 1,312 for intra-day. Taking into consideration the retention time, peak area, resolution, and tailing factor, the optimum conditions were preferred: methanol as solvent, THF/Citric Acid (40/60) as mobile phase, flow rate of mobile phase at 0.5 mL/min, temperature of column at 30oC, injection volume at 20 μL and wavelength at 425 nm. The method is further used to determine ppm levels of curcumin derivatives, and recovery was found to be 90%. The proposed analytical method can be used for the quantification of curcumin inmedicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant pomological characteristics and physiological behaviors of genotypes in modern apple cultivation could be different depending on the use of rootstock, changing growth ecology and application of biological control agents. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of rhizobacteria application on leaf and fruit nutrient contents in different apple scion–rootstock combinations. This study was carried out with seven standard cultivars (Scarlet Spur, Red Chief, Fuji, Jeromine, Galaxy Gala, Granny Smith, and Golden Reinders) budded on M.9 and MM.106 rootstocks. In the experiment, trees were sprayed by a nitrogen + phosphorus solvent rhizobacteria three times, with an interval of 15 days in the spring period. The effect of rhizobacteria application on leaf and fruit nutrient contents was statistically significant and provided generally significant positive contributions, except for leaf Mg content. Comparing both rootstocks, the positive effect of bacterial application was higher on the M.9 rootstock for leaf N and B content and fruit N and Fe content, and on the MM.106 rootstock for other nutrient content. While the effects of bacterial application on the basis of cultivars were generally positive, the highest positive contribution was made in leaf P content (10.7%) and fruit Mn content (32.1%) of the Fuji cultivar. Considering the total increase in nutrients in scion–rootstocks combination, rhizobacteria application had a positive effect on the leaf nutrient contents in Golden Reinders/MM.106, but not leaf K content. The highest increases in leaves of scion-rootstock combinations were determined as 4.0% in N content in Granny Smith/M.9, 14.1% in P content in Scarlet Spur/MM.106, 7.1% in K content in Fuji/MM.106, 4.4% in Ca content in Jeromine/M.9, and 14.0% in Mg content in Granny Smith/MM.106. The highest increase in fruit nutrient contents was between 4.9% (N content) and 13.5% (Ca content) for macro elements, and between 9.5% (Cu content) and 41.8% (Mn content) for microelements. The results of the present study may provide significant leads for further studies on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey has a high diversity of native and commercially grown plants. European cranberrybush, a fruit species grown commercially in the country, is of interest because of its health benefits. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity uisng morphological, molecular, and phytochemical markers in twenty-four different genotypes of European cranberrybush from Kayseri province, which is an important region in the production of plant in Turkey. The results show wide variations among genotypes in the morphological parameters. The G13 genotype was the prominent genotype compared to other genotypes in leaf length (130.69 mm), leaf width (135.76 mm) and fruit length (10.01 mm). The fruit weights of genotypes varied between 0.16 g and 0.80 g. In ISSR marker analysis, out of 73 scoreable bands obtained from 11 different primer sets, 44 were polymorphic. The average polymorphism rate in the study was 60.27%, and the similarity index of the genotypes varied between 0.77 and 0.95. Total flavonoid, phenolic and anthocyanin content ranged from 106.28 mg CAE/100 g to 318.87 mg CAE/100 g, 451.23 mg GAE/100 g to 679.57 mg GAE/100 g, and 16.48 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g to 21.36 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g, respectively. The results of this study can be useful to plant breeders interested in developing and conserving the species and provide a baseline for new studies on European cranberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of nosemosis by using microscopic and molecular (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)) methods in honey bees of Hatay province, and to investigate the effects of beekeepers' attitudes and behaviors and apiary conditions on the spread of disease through a survey study. In the study, adult bee samples were collected from 450 hives in 75 apiaries in 6 districts of the Hatay region between March 2019 and May 2019. This particular area was chosen because many beekeepers overwinter their hives here and movement of colonies in and out of the region is common. As a result, it was determined that there was Nosema ceranae infection in 45% of the apiaries; overall, 20% of the total hives were infected in Hatay province. However, Nosema apis was not detected. In the statistical evaluation of the survey study that determines the effects of apiary conditions and beekeepers' attitudes and behaviors on the spread of the disease, the infection rate in Caucasian (Hybrid) bee race (53.7%) was found to be significantly higher than that of the native (Hatay) bee race (23.8%) (p < 0.05). In addition, the rate of disease (50.0%) in apiaries that use the same beekeeping equipment like frames, bee brush and frame scraper among different hives was found to be significantly higher than those that do not use the same equipment among different hives (18.2%) (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin and its derivatives named curcuminoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds extensively marketed as a nutraceutical. The wide therapeutic potential of curcumin is highly explored by the authors. Therefore, pharma industries made many clinical inventions to bring it to the market as a drug. In this study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive High Performance Liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determinations of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bis-desmethoxycurcumin (BDMC) was optimized and validated. Separation of curcumin, DMC, and BDMC was performed using the C18 column. Six factors, including the solvent type, ratio of mobile phase, flow rate of mobile phase, column temperature, injection volume, and wavelength, were investigated. The LOD and LOQ were observed to be 0.001 and 0.003 mg/L, R² value < 0,99, respectively. RSD (%) is 0.974 for interday, and 1,312 for intra-day. Taking into consideration the retention time, peak area, resolution, and tailing factor, the optimum conditions were preferred: methanol as solvent, THF/Citric Acid (40/60) as mobile phase, flow rate of mobile phase at 0.5 mL/min, temperature of column at 30°C, injection volume at 20 µL and wavelength at 425 nm. The method is further used to determine ppm levels of curcumin derivatives, and recovery was found to be 90%. The proposed analytical method can be used for the quantification of curcumin inmedicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Turkey's ecological and geographical diversity allows the cultivation of most plant species that have economic importance throughout the country. One of these species, sour cherry, is among the stone fruits that are very important for human health. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity of 21 sour cherry genotypes grown from seed in Kelkit Valley and standard Kutahya cultivars. Methods and results: Morphological, biochemical, and molecular marker techniques [ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat)] was used to determine genetic diversity. G11 in terms of fruit characteristics, particularly weight with 4.81 g, and G20 in terms of leaf width produced better results than the other genotypes with 40.10 mm. Molecular marker analysis, a total of 70 bands were obtained from 12 ISSR primers and 49 of them were polymorphic. The mean polymorphism rate in the study was 70%, and the DICE's similarity coefficient of genotypes differed between 0.81 and 0.95. Polymorphism percentages of the ISSR primers varied from 20 to 100%. In biochemical analyzes, G17 with 140.18 mg QE/100 g in total flavonoids content, G19 with 208.63 mg GAE/100 g in total phenolics content, G19 with 8.33 mg cyn-3-gluc/100 g in total anthocyanin content compared to other genotypes prominent genotypes. Conclusion: The use of the obtained results in breeding studies to be carried out on this species, as well as the detection and protection of gene sources, may be beneficial for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garlic has an important place in daily nutrition. It is consumed by people because of its antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, and it is also known to be good for many diseases. Along with these properties of garlic, its fatty acid content is also important. The goal of this study is to determine the fatty acids in Allium tuncelianum (Tunceli garlic), which grows naturally in Tunceli, Turkey, by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID). Fifteen of 37 fatty acids studied were detected in Allium tuncelianum, and the primary fatty acids in the sample extracts were determined to be the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid (C18:2n6c, 41.595%) and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid (C18:1n9c, 33.302%). Small quantities of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) were also present, including palmitic acid (C16:0, 11.739%), henoicosanoic acid (C21:0, 6.946%), and stearic acid (C18:0, 2.362%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the diameters and collapsibility indices of coronary sinus (CS) and inferior vena cava (IVC) and invasively measured right atrial pressure (RAP), and to determine whether these parameters have predictive value on RAP. Methods: A total of 136 patients undergoing right heart catheterization due to pulmonary arterial hypertension were included in the study prospectively. CS diameters, IVC diameters, CS collapsibility index (CSCI), and IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI) were measured by echocardiography before catheterization. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the parameters. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive value of the CS and IVC collapsibility indices in predicting RAP. Results: Patients were divided into two groups as invasively measured RAP≥10 mm Hg (n:57) and RAP < 10 mm Hg (n:79). In the group with RAP≥10 mm Hg, IVC and CS diameters were higher than in the group with RAP < 10 mm Hg, while the IVCCI and CSCI were lower (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between CSCI and IVCCI and RAP. Also, a positive correlation was observed between CSCI and IVCCI. Optimal cut‐off value for IVCCI was 46.1 with a sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 79.7%. Optimal cut‐off value for CSCI was 39.2 with a sensitivity of 75.4%, and specificity of 88.6%. Conclusion: CS and IVC diameters and collapsibility indices measured by echocardiography were found to be associated with invasively measured RAP, and may be used together for estimating RAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Fe and Zn contents in the muscle of different fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus trachurus, Mullus barbatus, Mugil cephalus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Dicentrarchus labrax, Scomber scombrus, Sparus aurata) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The highest Fe and Zn contents among studied fish species were found in Engraulis encrasicolus (7.13 ± 0.19 mg/kg) and Sparus aurata (11.00 ± 0.28 mg/kg). The lowest Fe and Zn contents were determined in Dicentrarchus labrax (3.12 ± 0.09 mg/kg) and Pomatomus saltatrix (5.50 ± 0.05 mg/kg). Moreover, the results were evaluated considering the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of these elements for adults. The estimated daily intakes were varied from 0.0101 to 0.0231 mg/kg bw/day for Fe and 0.0178 to 0.0357 mg/kg bw/day for Zn in fish species. In addition, the hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) values were calculated for risk assessment, and it was determined that these values were below 1 for fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]