Search

Breast cancer continues to be a major contributor to women's global mortality rates, emphasizing the need to explore alternative and supplementary early-stage detection techniques. This study delves into a circular slot monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna equipped with a frequency-selective surface (CSMA-FSS) for early detection microwave imaging applications. To expand the impedance bandwidth of the traditional circular monopole antenna, a circular slit is introduced on a monopole structure. Additionally, a 10 × 10 unit cell FSS structure is integrated into the antenna as a far-field reflecting plane to enhance gain characteristics. The antenna, crafted with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 1.6 mm³ and a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate, operates across the ultra-wideband frequency spectrum, spanning from 3.1 GHz to 12 GHz, while consistently maintaining a reflection coefficient (S11) value of – 10 dB or lower. Notably, the antenna showcases a gain of over 5 dBi across the entire 3.1 GHz to 12 GHz frequency range. The suggested antenna is ideal for microwave imaging applications due to its broad impedance bandwidth, impressive gain, and excellent directivity. Furthermore, it maintains a relatively uniform group delay, with a deviation of ±0.5 ns throughout the UWB band. In the time domain characteristics, the antenna exhibits excellent pulse handling capabilities and strong signal correlation, featuring an S21 value of less than – 25 dB. The characteristics, observed in both the time and frequency domains, suggest that the proposed antenna holds significant potential for substantially enhancing breast cancer imaging system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orbital trauma involving high-pressure grease guns is rare and can cause significant morbidity due to retained intraorbital grease. Grease can appear similar to intraorbital air on cross-sectional imaging, and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for retained intraorbital grease and know how to recognise this. In this case, we will share the clinical and radiological findings as well as management of retained intraorbital grease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film was one of the new technological inventions of the 'long nineteenth century' that often instilled a fear of loss of the existing way of life and of disturbing existing social structures. In India, this manifested in a variety of ways, such as through the censorship of films by the government, but also by social codes which created major barriers for many to work in the film industry. In this article, I discuss film and its negotiations with caste in the twentieth century through close reading of the Indian Cinematograph Committee Report, film magazines, advertisements, audience responses and the speeches of nationalist leaders. I argue that rather than democratising desire by producing the universally desirable object of the star body, popular films in India produced desire that conformed to existing caste structures. The paper contributes to debates about early cinema and caste beyond the question of representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before 1947 India had more than 560 princely states. All these states were ruled by independent princes with their own systems and laws and were not directly under the control of British. There was a great fascination for the princely states in Britain, and the early films addressed this curiosity. Several travel films, instructional films and the Durbar films presented the princely states as exotic Oriental spaces. On the other hand, the princely states also actively patronized the audio visual technologies. This article examines the interrelationship between princely state of Hyderabad and non-fiction film. It locates this relationship in the broad history of Orientalist curiosity about princely states in Europe and the patronage to modern technologies in the princely states. It elaborates on the process of making of the Silver Jubilee film of the VII Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, and argues that princely films served different purposes for the European audience and for the princely state. The princely films played to the market for content on princely states in Europe but for the princely state of Hyderabad, films were a way to present itself as a modern state and enhance its stature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neo-liberal reforms of the 1990s in India brought new modes of operation which made cities as the central nodes of the economy. The cities were now reconfigured as servicing hubs for the global market. The spatial nature of the city and the way of life also was transformed to match the other global cities which served as examples on which the Indian cities were modelled. In case of Hyderabad, this moment of transformation to a global city creates a critical tension between the futuristic imaginations of the city and the present. This tension is experienced spatially and temporally; while the new city was shaping itself as the Hitech city, the old city with its identity associated with the Muslim past was outside the development discourse. It is at this juncture that the Hyderabadi film emerges, speaking Deccani language, a language which has historical origins in the region. These films visualize the interaction between the old city and the new city through humour and satire. This paper attempts to examine the ways in which the city is brought alive on screen by the Deccani films and interrogate its politics. It attempts to understand the nature of the city realised on screen at the juncture of shift of economy to the neo-liberal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims Iris melanomas (IM) are rare and have a lower mortality than posterior uveal melanomas (UM). Our aims were to determine the prevalence of genetic changes associated with prognosis of posterior UM, in both treated and non-treated IM. Methods Retrospective database review and molecular analysis of all patients diagnosed with IM at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre (LOOC) between 1993 and 2015. Archival pathology specimens of confirmed IM cases were analysed for chromosomal alterations, using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or microsatellite analysis (MSA) depending on DNA yield, and BRAF mutation status. Results 5189 patients were diagnosed with intraocular melanoma at LOOC from 1993 to 2015. Of these, 303 (5.8%) patients were diagnosed with IM. Tissue samples were available for 26 IM cases. Twelve of these cases had biopsies taken post-proton beam radiotherapy (PBR). Histological subtyping showed 14 IM being spindle, 2 epithelioid and 10 were of mixed cell type. Twenty of the 26 IM cases (77%) analysed genetically were classified as either disomy 3 (n=16) or monosomy 3 (n=4). Chromosome 6p gain was detected in 4/18 (22%) IM, and polysomy 8q in 6%. BRAF mutations were not detected in any of the four IM cases examined. One patient with IM died from metastatic disease: this tumour was disomy 3 with 6p and 8q gains. All other patients were alive with no evidence of metastases at study closure. Conclusions Chromosomal aberrations seen in posterior UM can also be demonstrated using MLPA or MSA in both treatment naïve and PBR-treated IM. Most IM display a low-metastatic risk chromosomal profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks atFilmindiamagazines from 1946 to 1948 on the eve of transition of India from being a colony to an Independent nation. The paper uses the Habermasian public sphere, Kellner’s media culture and Gaonkar’s ideas of alternative modernities to analyse the magazine. Magazines likeFilmindiaconstituted literary public spheres which became a site for deliberation on defining the ideals of masculinity and femininity for the new nation. By virtue of being the most influential magazine of the time,Filmindia’s views also gain significance in constructing gender role models for the new nation.Filmindia, in its construction of the ideal man and woman, promotes societal modernization but opposes cultural modernization. The cultural core was to be protected and cinema with its ability to influence the masses posed a threat to it. Thus censorship becomes a tool to enforce the gender norms defined for the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]