Search

Introduction: The causality between personality and psychiatric traits and lung cancer (LC) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the causality between these traits and LC. Methods: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and bibliometric approaches were conducted to estimate the causality between personality (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) and psychiatric (schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, insomnia, and anxiety) traits and LC and its subtypes (lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and small cell LC). Summary data of these traits were extracted from large datasets (17,375-462,341 participants). Inverse variance weighting was used as the primary MR analysis, with supplementary models, including MR-Egger and weighted medians. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to detect pleiotropy. Bibliometric data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed. The main mapping techniques adopted were co-word, collaboration, and citation analyses. Results: Schizophrenia was associated with an increased risk of LC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.030-1.126, P = 0.001). Moreover, LC increased the risk of ADHD (OR = 1.221, 95% CI = 1.096-1.362, P < 0.001). No significant bidirectional associations were observed between other mental traits and LC and its subtypes. Causality, psychiatry, and psychiatric comorbidity are emerging keywords. Research dynamics and landscapes were revealed. Conclusion: This study suggests that schizophrenia is a risk factor for LC and that LC is a risk factor for ADHD. Furthermore, causality, psychiatry, and psychiatric comorbidity have become emerging research trends in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Mass Transit is the property of Urban Mass Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is a dearth of effective treatments to counter retinol‐induced skin irritation. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three potential mitigants: (i) phytosteryl/octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate (PLG), (ii) a physiologic lipid mixture (PLM) comprised of ceramide three and cholesterol, and (iii) niacinamide, in ameliorating irritation instigated by retinol. Methods: An occlusive human patch test, spanning 5 days, was undertaken on 18 Chinese participants aged between 23 and 40. It was designed as a randomized, double‐blind, and vehicle‐controlled study. Clinician erythema assessment (CEA) and instrumental evaluations were employed pre and post‐test. Subsequently, a 4‐week consumer in‐use test, randomized and double‐blind in nature, was executed to substantiate the soothing effects of PLG. Results: Data from CEA and bioengineering assessments revealed that, in comparison to the vehicle control, both 2% PLG and 5% PLM notably curbed retinol‐induced skin erythema and inflammation. Notably, PLG outperformed PLM. Conversely, 3% niacinamide did not offer relief against retinol‐induced discomfort. The subsequent consumer in‐use test affirmed that treatments with 2% PLG were better tolerated than those with the vehicle alone. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first confirmation that physiologic lipids effectively mitigate retinol‐induced irritation. Given their capacity to counter retinol‐induced irritation, physiologic lipids, particularly PLG, are recommended for incorporation in retinol regimens. Additionally, the Visia‐CR a* value can serve as a robust objective measure for interpreting patch test outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irrational application of chemical fertilizers in wheat cultivation not only threatens the agricultural ecosystem but also significantly contributes to carbon emissions, impeding the achievement of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality" goals. The objective of this research is to assess the efficiency of chemical fertilizer use in wheat production across ten major wheat-producing provinces in China from 2004 to 2020. We employed a stochastic frontier production function to evaluate the technical efficiency of fertilizer use, determining feasible reduction levels. The Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and Markov chain analysis were further utilized to dissect the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon emission reduction potential. Our findings provide a detailed analysis of the carbon emission reduction potential in wheat chemical fertilizer use across China's ten major wheat-producing provinces from 2004 to 2020. The average carbon emission reduction potential is significant, at 251.1 kg CE/hm2, with considerable variation observed among regions. The western region, in particular, stands out with the highest potential, reaching up to 336.51 kg CE/hm2, which is notably higher compared to the eastern (230.05 kg CE/hm2) and central regions (158.28 kg CE/hm2). The spatial distribution of this potential is uneven, and the disparities are progressively increasing, primarily due to inter-regional differences. Despite a general decline in carbon reduction potential, the spatial distribution remains relatively consistent. To foster sustainable wheat production, it is imperative to prioritize the western region for targeted chemical fertilizer carbon reduction initiatives. Attention must also be given to the issue of regional disparities in low-carbon wheat production. Enhancing the role of soil testing and fertilizer recommendations is essential to increase the effectiveness of carbon reduction efforts. Additionally, a multi-faceted approach that incorporates various alternative measures is necessary to drive further reductions in chemical fertilizer-related carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Yeast culture (YC) enhances ruminant performance, but its functional mechanism remains unclear because of the complex composition of YC and the uncertain substances affecting rumen fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of effective metabolites in YC by exploring its effects on rumen fermentation in vitro, growth and slaughter performance, serum index, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microorganisms, and metabolites in lambs. Methods: In Trial 1, various YCs were successfully produced, providing raw materials for identifying effective metabolites. The experiment was divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replicates in each group: the control group (basal diet without additives) and YC groups were supplemented with 0.625? of four different yeast cultures, respectively (groups A, B, C, and D). Rumen fermentation parameters were determined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h in vitro. A univariate regression model multiple factor associative effects index (MFAEI; y) was established to correlate the most influential factors on in vitro rumen fermentation with YC metabolites (x). This identified the metabolites promoting rumen fermentation and optimal YC substance levels. In Trial 2, metabolites in YC not positively correlated with MFAEI were excluded, and effective substances were combined with pure chemicals (M group). This experiment validated the effectiveness of YC metabolites in lamb production based on their impact on growth, slaughter performance, serum indices, rumen parameters, microorganisms, and metabolites. Thirty cross-generation rams (Small tail Han-yang? × Australian white sheep?) with good body condition and similar body weight were divided into three treatment groups with 10 replicates in each group: control group, YC group, pure chemicals combination group (M group). Results: Growth performance and serum index were measured on days 30 and 60, and slaughter performance, rumen fermentation parameters, microorganisms, and metabolites were measured on day 60. The M group significantly increased the dressing percentage, and significantly decreased the GR values of lambs (p < 0.05). The concentration of growth hormone (GH), Cortisol, insulin (INS), and rumen VFA in the M group significantly increased (p < 0.05). Discussion: These experiments confirmed that YC or its screened effective metabolites positively impact lamb slaughter performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the transfer and loss of energy in a discrete mass when subjected to forced vibration. Using discrete element method (DEM), we analyzed the dynamic behavior of regular spherical granular assemblies and the energy distribution characteristics under different excitation frequencies and reduced accelerations. Moreover, the energy transfer and dissipation process of granular assemblies under different vibration states are studied using an experimental method. The results show that the granular assemblies will produce collision energy dissipation, thermal energy dissipation, acoustic energy dissipation and other forms of energy dissipation in the forced vibration state and the proportion of different energy dissipation under different excitation is given. The collision and friction of granular assemblies are the key to affecting other forms of energy dissipation. When the excitation increases, the energy dissipation forms are generated inside the granular assemblies, and the proportion of collision energy dissipation of the granular assemblies increases. The acoustic energy above 20 kHz occupies the main part of the acoustic energy dissipation. Thermal energy consumption always exists, which takes a long time to play a role. The granular also have other forms of energy loss, which is hard to be measured, including Rayleigh waves generated by granular collision. In this study, the relationship between the forced vibration state of the granular assemblies and the energy loss distribution is established. Various types of energy transfer and conversion distribution which further enriches the energy dissipation of discrete element calculation of the granular assemblies is discussed and provides a reference for the energy loss analysis of the granular assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess the comparative efficacy of six programmed cell death-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, tislelizumab, toripalimab, and camrelizumab) that have been used as first-line therapy for Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which remains unclear. We determined the differences in efficacy by observing patient survival data, with the goal of informing future treatment options. Retrospective data analysis from June 2015 to April 2023 included 913 patients across six groups: nivolumab (123%, 13.5%), pembrolizumab (421%, 46.1%), sintilimab (239%, 26.1%), tislelizumab (64%, 7.0%), toripalimab (39%, 4.3%), and camrelizumab (27%, 3.0%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) for each group was 16.0, 16.1, 18.4, 16.9, 23.7, and 12.8 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 33.7, 36.1, 32.5, not reached, 30.9 and 46.0 months for the nivolumab, sintilimab, pembrolizumab, tislelizumab, toripalimab, and camrelizumab groups, respectively. While differences existed in the objective response rates among groups (p < 0.05), there were no significant differences (all p > 0.05) in PFS or OS. The findings suggest comparable efficacy among these PD-1 inhibitors for NSCLC treatment, underscoring their collective suitability and aiding treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread worldwide and resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Although most infections are mild, some patients can also develop severe and fatal myocarditis. In eukaryotic RNAs, 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common kind of post-transcriptional modification, which is involved in regulating various biological processes (such as RNA export, translation, and stability maintenance). With the rapid development of m5C modification detection technology, studies related to viral m5C modification are ever-increasing. These studies have revealed that m5C modification plays an important role in various stages of viral replication, including transcription and translation. According to recent studies, m5C methylation modification can regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating innate immune signaling pathways. However, the specific role of m5C modification in SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of m5C methylation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the regulatory role of NSUN2 in viral infection and host innate immune response was also highlighted. This review may provide new directions for developing therapeutic strategies for SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economy developed rapidly and the change in consumption segment poses higher requirements for the efficient circulation of industrial product transportation. Improving the speed of goods circulation and ensuring the safety and quality of finished products has become an important issue. However, relevant research on these is still lacking. To address the issues of missing barcodes, box damage, and brand error in existing industrial products within the park, this paper proposes an industrial packaging surface barcode and damage detection method based on the GooLeNet network. First; Delta Machine Vision (DMV) products capture and quickly read barcodes from six directions. Second, a corresponding training set is created through sample and data collection. The training set categorizes damage into three types; damaged holes, cracks, and indentations. Moreover, image processing, along with data expansion. is applied to the dataset. Finally, the improved GooLeNet network model is designed by combining GooLeNet architecture with regularization, aiming to facilitate feature extraction and training of images under the interference of packaging surface patterns. This design leads to a higher damage identification accuracy of 96. 63%, which is 14. 66°/0, 3. 72%, 14. 05%, and 12. 78% higher than that of AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG, and RestNet, respectively, in a convolutional neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Genome instability plays a crucial role in promoting tumor development. Germline mutations in genes responsible for DNA repair are often associated with familial cancer syndromes. A noticeable exception is the CHEK1 gene. Despite its well-established role in homologous recombination, germline mutations in CHEK1 are rarely reported. Case presentation: In this report, we present a patient diagnosed with ovarian clear cell carcinoma who has a family history of cancer. Her relatives include a grandfather with esophageal cancer, a father with gastric cancer, and an uncle with a brain tumor. The patient carried a typical genomic profile of clear cell carcinoma including mutations in KRAS, PPP2R1A, and PIK3R1. Importantly, her paired peripheral blood cells harbored a germline CHEK1 mutation, CHEK1 exon 6 c.613 + 2T>C, which was also found in her father. Unfortunately, the CHEK1 status of her grandfather and uncle remains unknown due to the unavailability of their specimens. Further evaluation via RT-PCR confirmed a splicing error in the CHEK1 gene, resulting in truncation at the kinase domain region, indicative of a loss-of-function mutation. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare germline CHEK1 mutation within a family with a history of cancer. The confirmed splicing error at the mRNA level underscores the functional consequences of this mutation. Documenting such cases is vital for future evaluation of inheritance patterns, clinical penetrance of the mutation, and its association with specific cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-induced myasthenia gravis (MG) is an uncommon but potentially fatal neurotoxicity. We aim to help physicians familiarize themselves with the clinical characteristics of ICI-induced MG, facilitating early diagnosis and prompt intervention. Methods: We searched the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital medical record system from January 2017 to August 2023 for patients diagnosed with ICI-induced MG. We systematically reviewed the literature until August 2023 to identify all similar patients. We collected clinical information on these patients. Results: 110 patients were identified, 9 from our institution and 101 from case reports. In our institution, Median age was 66 years (range: 49-79 years). 6 were males. The most common was lung cancer (n = 4). All patients had no previous history of MG and received PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. The median time from ICI initiation to first MG symptoms was 4 weeks (range: 2-15 weeks). ICIs were discontinued in all patients. Most patients initially received high-dose corticosteroids, and their symptoms improved. Some patients are discharged with corticosteroids maintenance therapy. In addition, 55 patients (50%) with concomitant myositis and/or myocarditis and MG-induced mortality were more common in the myositis and/or myocarditis group (10.9% vs. 34.5%, p = 0.016). Overlap of myositis with MG (OR = 3.148, p = 0.009) and anti-AChR antibody positivity (OR = 3.364, p = 0.005) were both significantly associated with poor outcomes. Conclusion: Our study reveals the prognosis of ICI-induced MG and suggests that myositis and/or myocarditis are severe comorbidities of ICI-induced MG, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a geographical dimension of justice, spatial justice is characterized by the interplay of social justice and heterogeneous spaces, including the ocean. Despite the generous contribution of ocean to humankind, concerns over aquatic spatial justice are disproportionately lacking. Among the core disruptors of ocean justice, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing imposes a major threat to global fisheries governance. The synthesis of spatial analysis and justice perspective can generate new insights to help understand and potentially address IUU fishing. To examine the spatial (in)justices concerning IUU fishing, we first propose a novel tripartite framework that envisions space as a form of opportunity, society and rights to externalize its socio-environmental implications. Then we integrate productive, distributive and consumptive justices to examine the spatial variations of IUU stakeholders along the fish value chain, and use stakeholder analysis to investigate spatial powers and conflicts regarding both a micro scale of fish communities, and a macro scale of states (coastal state, flag state, port state and market state) and supernational players (regional fisheries management organizations and marine protected areas). It is discovered that certain regions provide greater spatial benefits that stimulate IUU behaviors; IUU misconducts cause spatial differentiation and spatial deprivation that disrupt social orders in fish communities; space can empower stakeholders' inclusive and proper engagement into the place-based management process against IUU fishing. Since the spatialized vision has been increasingly highlighted in marine fisheries management, it is suggested to intervene in the world ocean by leveraging spatial knowledge, managing spatial conflicts and facilitating spatial action, in order to promote spatial justice and better combat IUU fishing globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The quality assessment technology of distance education in colleges and universities, as the critical technology for identifying the quality of distance education in colleges and universities, is conducive to the improvement of the quality of distance teaching and the progress of the existing means and methods of distance education, which makes the means of distance teaching in colleges and universities rich in science. OBJECTIVES: Aiming at the evaluation methods of higher education institutions, there are problems such as insufficient objectivity and comprehensiveness of the evaluation system, single process, and inadequate quantitative analysis. METHODS:Proposes a decision tree and intelligent optimization algorithm for the college distance teaching quality assessment method. Firstly, the kernel principal component analysis method is used to carry out dimensionality reduction analysis on the index system of college distance teaching quality assessment; then, the decision tree parameters are optimized through the marine predator algorithm to construct a college distance teaching quality assessment model; finally, the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method are verified through simulation experimental analysis. RESULTS: The results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of the assessment model. CONCLUSION: The problem of insufficient objective and scientific evaluation and low precision of distance teaching quality assessment methods in colleges and universities is solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The construction of the wisdom teaching evaluation system, as the essential part of the institution's teaching reform, is conducive to developing the institution's disciplines, making the existing teaching more standardized, and making the means of teaching diversified, intelligent, and convenient. OBJECTIVES: Aiming at the current intelligent teaching evaluation design method, there are evaluation indexes that need to be more comprehensive, a single method, and system standard limitations. METHODS: Proposes an intelligent optimization algorithm for a multi-dimensional innovative teaching quality evaluation method. First of all, the multi-dimensional wisdom teaching evaluation system is constructed by analyzing the influencing factors of teaching quality evaluation; then, the parameters of the depth limit learning machine are optimized by the bird foraging search algorithm, and the multi-dimensional wisdom teaching evaluation model is constructed; finally, the validity and stability of the proposed method are verified by the analysis of simulation experiments. RESULTS: The results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of the evaluation model. CONCLUSION: Solves the problem of low evaluation accuracy and incomplete system of teaching quality evaluation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases has created an urgent need for safe and effective anti-thrombotic agents. Leech, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, but its real material basis and mechanism of action for the treatment of diseases such as blood stasis and thrombosis have not been reported. Methods: In this study, Whitmania Pigra Whitman (WPW), Hirudo nipponica Whitman (HNW) and Whitmania acranutata Whitman (WAW) were hydrolyzed by biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the active peptides of WPW (APP), the active peptides of HNW (APH) and the active peptides of WAW (APA), respectively. Then their structures were characterized by sykam amino acid analyzer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) spectrometer and LC-MS. Next, the anti-thrombotic activities of APP, APH and APA were determined by carrageenan-induced tail vein thrombosis model in mice, and the anti-thrombotic mechanisms of high-dose APP group (HAPP), high-dose APH group (HAPH) and high-dose APA group (HAPA) were explored based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results: The results showed that the amino acid composition of APP, APH and APA was consistent, and the proportion of each amino acid was few different. The results of FT-IR and CD showed that there were no significant differences in the proportion of secondary structures (such as ß-sheet and random coil) and infrared absorption peaks between APP, APH and APA. Mass spectrometry data showed that there were 43 common peptides in APP, APH and APA, indicating that the three have common material basis. APP, APH and APA could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce black-tail length, whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and Fibrinogen (FIB), and prolong coagulation time, including activated partial thrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). In addition, 24 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers associated with thrombosis development. Among these, 19, 23, and 20 metabolites were significantly normalized after administration of HAPP, HAPH, and HAPA in the mice, respectively. Furthermore, the intervention mechanism of HAPP, HAPH and HAPA on tail vein thrombosis mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and ether lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that APP, APH and APA can exert their anti-blood stasis and anti-thrombotic activities by interfering with disordered metabolic pathways in vivo, and there is no significant difference in their efficacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among persons born in China before 1980 and tested for vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VVT), 28.7% (137/478) had neutralizing antibodies, 71.4% (25/35) had memory B-cell responses, and 65.7% (23/35) had memory T-cell responses to VVT. Because of cross-immunity between the viruses, these findings can help guide mpox vaccination strategies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of glucose levels on admission, on the risk of 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to assess the difference in outcome between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of the Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement in Kerala Study, and 13,398 participants were included in the final analysis. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between glucose levels on admission and the risk of 30-day MACEs, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Participants were divided according to the glucose quintiles. There was a positive linear association between glucose levels at admission and the risk of 30-day MACEs in AMI patients [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.05 (1.03, 1.07), p < 0.001]. Compared to participants with an admission glucose between 5.4 and 6.3 mmol/L, participants with the highest quintile of glucose level (≥10.7 mmol/L) were associated with increased risk of 30-day MACEs in the fully adjusted logistic regression model [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.82 (1.33, 2.50),p < 0.001]. This trend was more significant in patients with STEMI (p for interaction = 0.036). Conclusions: In patients with AMI, elevated glucose on admission was associated with an increased risk of 30-day MACEs, but only in patients with STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Casing connection is a common connection method in oil and gas reservoir production, and the tripping of casing will seriously hinder the production process. To study the casing tripping process and the minimum tensile load required for casing tripping under different loosening buckle states, three kinds of casing tripping tensile tests were carried out. The thread morphology of the casing head and casing coupling was analyzed by local cutting at the end of the experiment, and the thread failure area was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and then other loosening states were studied and analyzed using numerical simulation. The research results show that as the number of loosening buckles increases, the minimum tensile load required for the casing head and casing coupling to trip decreases. The observation of the thread shape shows that the thread part of the casing head was seriously damaged. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the fracture mode at the thread of the casing head is ductile fracture. Numerical simulation results show that the maximum stress area during the tripping process is at the contact position between the thread heads. Based on the experimental and numerical simulation results, the relationship between the number of casing loosening and the minimum tensile load required for casing tripping is obtained. The research results can be used as the experimental and theoretical basis for the investigation of casing tripping accidents and can also provide experimental reference for the design of the next-generation of casing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The deep-sea environment is always characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, fluctuating temperatures, heavy metals, darkness, and others. The Vesicomyidae inhabit cold seep zones, hydrothermal vents, and other chemically reduced environments. Methods: To enhance the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of clams in extreme environments, a comprehensive proteomic study was conducted on the cold seep clam Archivesica marissinica and shallow water clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Results: A total of 4,557 proteins were identified from the comparative groups. The Gene Ontology results indicated that the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) for the comparative group Rpgill vs. Amgill were enriched in the nitrogen compound metabolic process, and others. The comparative analysis for Amfoot vs. Amgill and Ammantle vs. Amgill revealed significant enrichment of the differential proteins that were involved in metal ion transport, divalent inorganic cation transport, and so on. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the comparative group Rpgill vs. Amgill was significantly enriched in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, lysosome, and others. The proteins that exhibited differential expression in the cold seep clam’ different tissues were also enriched in important pathways, such as lysosome, fatty acid degradation, nitrogen metabolism. Discussion: The further analysis identified crucial response proteins involved in various biological pathways. For example, the pattern recognition receptors, such as galectin and peptidoglycan recognition protein, participated in recognition of symbiotic microorganisms. The lysosome pathway members, such as cathepsin and saposins, were engaged in the degradation process of symbiont proteins during symbiont digestion. Profilin and gelsolin from actin cytoskeleton pathway might be pressure-related proteins. Furthermore, carbonic anhydrases from nitrogen metabolism KEGG pathway provide inorganic carbon for symbiotic bacteria. Additionally, Mn superoxide dismutase plays a role in the scavenging of superoxide anion radicals and antioxidant activity. Then, arginine kinases facilitate the low temperature adaptation of deep-sea shellfish with its cold adaptation characters. These findings offer novel perspectives on the proteins that are implicated in A. marisica’s response to cold seep environments, thereby contributing to the understanding of deep-sea biological adaptation and the preservation of deep-sea ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the protective effect of young plasma on anesthesiaand surgery-induced cognitive impairment and the potential underlying mechanism using bioinformatics, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, Golgi-Cox staining, dendritic spine analysis, immunofluorescence assay, western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we performed behavioral assessments using the open field test, the novel object recognition test, and the Morris water maze test. We identified 1969 differentially expressed genes induced by young plasma treatment, including 800 upregulated genes and 1169 downregulated genes, highlighting several enriched biological processes (signal release from synapse, postsynaptic density and neuron to neuron synapse). Anesthesiaand surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats was comparatively less severe following young plasma preinfusion. In addition, the decreased levels of synapse-related and tyrosine kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (TrkB/ERK/CREB) signaling pathway-related proteins, dendritic and spine deficits, and ultrastructural changes were ameliorated in aged mice following young plasma preinfusion. Together, these findings suggest that young plasma reverses anesthesia- and surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats and that the mechanism is associated with the activation of the TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway and improvement in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a condition that develops due to prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption. It encompasses various stages of liver damage, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Immune cells, particularly macrophages, of various types play a significant role in the onset and progression of the disease. Macrophages observed in the liver exhibit diverse differentiation forms, and perform a range of functions. Beyond M1 and M2 macrophages, human macrophages can polarize into distinct phenotypes in response to various stimuli. Recent advancements have improved our understanding of macrophage diversity and their role in the progression of ALD. This mini-review provides a concise overview of the latest findings on the role and differentiation of macrophages in ALD. Additionally, it discusses potential therapeutic targets associated with macrophages and explores potential therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water. With population growth and increasing food demand, more nutrients, plastics, pesticides, pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century. As a result, water science has been shifting from singlepollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments. This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the multi-pollutant perspective. These highlights reveal the spatial and temporal distribution and main sources of multiple pollutants in waters. Based on the highlights, a scientific agenda is proposed to prioritize solutions for sustainable agriculture (UN Sustainable Development Goal 2) and clean water (UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 14). This agenda points out that when formulating solutions for water pollution, it is essential to take into account multiple pollutants and their interactions beyond biogeochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hypertension is a chronic disease with multiple causative factors that involve metabolic disturbances and can cause various complications. However, the metabolic characteristics of hypertension at different stages are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the metabolic changes induced by hypertension at different ages. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into four groups according to age: 5-week-old SHR (n = 6), 5-week-old WKY rats (n = 6), 32-week-old SHR (n = 6), and 32-week-old WKY rats (n = 6). Metabolites were analyzed in primary tissues (serum, heart, lung, kidney, brain, and brown adipose) using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Results: Thirty-five metabolites and nine related metabolic pathways were identified in 5-week-old SHR, mainly related to the metabolism of amino acids. Fifty-one metabolites and seven related metabolic pathways were identified in the 32-week-old SHR, involving glycolysis, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion: This experiment elucidates the metabolic profile of SHR at different ages and provides a basis for predicting and diagnosing hypertension. It also provides a reference for the pathogenesis of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The intestinal microbiota participates in host physiology and pathology through metabolites, in which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered principal products and have extensive influence on intestine homeostasis. It has been reported that skin ulceration syndrome (SUS), the disease of Apostichopus japonicus caused by Vibrio splendidus, is associated with the alteration of the intestinal microbiota composition. Method: To investigate whether the intestinal microbiota affects A. japonicus health via SCFAs, in this study, we focus on the SCFA profiling and intestinal barrier function in A. japonicus treated with V. splendidus. Results and discussion: We found that V. splendidus could destroy the mid-intestine integrity and downregulate the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in A. japonicus, which further dramatically decreasedmicroorganism abundance and altered SCFAs contents. Specifically, acetic acid is associated with the largest number of microorganisms and has a significant correlation with occludin and ZO-1 among the seven SCFAs. Furthermore, our findings showed that acetic acid could maintain the intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and rearranging the tight junction structure by regulating F-actin inmid-intestine epithelial cells. Thus, our results provide insights into the effects of the gutmicrobiome and SCFAs on intestine barrier homeostasis and provide essential knowledge for intervening in SUS by targeting metabolites or the gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Early neurological deterioration (END) is a critical complication in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), with a need for reliable prediction tools to guide clinical interventions. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a rating scale, utilizing clinical variables and multisystem laboratory evaluation, to predict END after IVT. Design, setting, and participants: The Clinical Trial of Revascularization Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TRAIS) cohort enrolled consecutive AIS patients from 14 stroke centers in China (Jan 2018 to Jun 2022). Outcomes: END defined as NIHSS score increase >4 points or death within 24 h of stroke onset. Results: 1,213 patients (751 in the derivation cohort, 462 in the validation cohort) were included. The CNS-LAND score, a 9-point scale comprising seven variables (CK-MB, NIHSS score, systolic blood pressure, LDH, ALT, neutrophil, and D-dimer), demonstrated excellent differentiation of END (derivation cohort C statistic: 0.862; 95% CI: 0.796--0.928) and successful external validation (validation cohort C statistic: 0.851; 95% CI: 0.814--0.882). Risk stratification showed END risks of 2.1% vs. 29.5% (derivation cohort) and 2.6% vs. 31.2% (validation cohort) for scores 0--3 and 4--9, respectively. Conclusion: CNS-LAND score is a reliable predictor of END risk in AIS patients receiving IVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Postural control plays a key role in skill-oriented sports. Athletes of skill-oriented sports (hereinafter referred to as "skilled athletes") usually showed better control ability compared with non-athletes. However, research focused on the single postural task, rarely considering the actual situation in skill-oriented sports in which other processes, such as cognitive control, frequently accompany postural control. This study aims to explore how skilled athletes control their posture under the dual-task situation and use limited attentional resources. Method: A total of 26 skilled athletes and 26 non-athletes were required to perform the postural control and N-back tasks simultaneously. Center of pressure (COP) trajectory, reaction times (RTs), and discriminability (d0) of N-back tasks were recorded and evaluated, along with event-related potentials, including N1 (Oz, PO7, and PO8), P2 (Fz, FCz, Cz, and Pz) components, and the spectral power of alpha band. Results: Skilled athletes demonstrated more postural control stability and a higher d0 than non-athletes in all dual tasks. Besides, they showed enhanced N1, P2 amplitudes and reduced alpha band power during dual-tasking. Notably, in skilled athletes, a significant negative correlation between N1 amplitude and d0 was observed, while significant positive correlations between alpha band power and postural control performance were also identified. Conclusion: This study investigates the potential advantages of skilled athletes in postural control from the view of neuroscience. Compared to non-athletes, skilled athletes could decrease the consumption of attentional resources in postural control and recruit more attentional resources in stimulus discrimination and evaluation in cognitive tasks. Since the allocation of attentional resources plays a crucial part in postural control in skilled athletes, optimizing the postural control training program and the selection of skilled athletes from a dual-task perspective is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neutrophilic asthma is poorly responsive to corticosteroids, and the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis remains unclear. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterium found in induced sputum from patients with neutrophilic asthma. NTHi can release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which transfer biomolecules to host cells and the external environment. However, the role and mechanisms of NTHi OMVs in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma remain unclear. Methods: We conducted assays to investigate whether NTHi OMVs can induce neutrophilic asthma when inhaled. We isolated and purified NTHi OMVs and administered them via a nebulizer to ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. We collected and sequenced serum, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue from each group and gathered lung function data. Results: Inhaled NTHi OMVs-induced neutrophilic asthma in OVA-sensitized mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed that NTHi OMV inhalation in OVA-sensitized mice significantly enriched inflammatory and immune-related signaling pathways. We found increased transcription and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17, which may contribute to neutrophilic asthma. Furthermore, we discovered that airway epithelium is the first receptor cell of NTHi OMVs and releases IL-1β. These findings suggest that NTHi OMVs could be a potential target for neutrophilic asthma therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the role of a high-speed railway system in driving the tourism industry, as the tourism market prepares to achieve sustainable development after the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the example of southwestern China, this study summarizes the configuration patterns of sustainable tourism development based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method, and subsequently uses the gravity model to express its core factor based on the ArcGIS platform. The study found that the tourism development pattern in this area was not homogenous, but rather a combination of six equivalent patterns (namely configured pattern). Tourism Economic Connection was the core variable to promote tourism development. Therefore, based on the configurational theory, each city should determine its own pattern and accordingly develop strengths as well as complement weaknesses. Furthermore, determined by the complexity theory, cities should capitalize on the strength of the high-speed railway system and learn from the accomplishments realized in other cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, hyperuricemia has shown a surprisingly rising trend, which attracts widespread attention due to potentially major health risks. Considering the inevitable side effects of long-term medicine, probiotics are emerging as potential therapeutics due to their ability to improve uric acid metabolism and superior safety. Methods: In our study, two strains of probiotics, Lactobacillus gasseri LG08 (LG08) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM58 (LM58) isolated from kimchi were evaluated for the prebiotic properties in vitro and uric-lowering effects in vivo. Here, hyperuricemia animal model and 16S rRNA gene amplicons analysis were further studied to investigate whether these probiotics exert different effects in prevention and treatment. Results: In vivo indicators and intestinal flora immunity revealed that both LG08 and LM58 significantly prevent the development and progression of hyperuricemia, repair the antioxidant system and maintain intestinal flora balance in healthy rats, especially LM58. After hyperuricemia was formed, although the effect of LG08 and LM58 could decrease the level of uric acid, the effect to reverse and repair antioxidant levels in the body was limited. Discussion: In our study, these findings have important implications for hyperuricemia prevention and therapy, and provided more mechanistic insights into the effect of probiotics in hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term fertilization can result in the changes in carbon (C) cycle in the maize rhizosphere soil. However, there have been few reports on the impacts of microbial regulatory mechanisms on the C cycle in soil. In the study, we analyzed the response of functional genes that regulate the C fixation, decomposition and methane (CH4) metabolism in maize rhizosphere soil to different fertilization treatments using metagenomics analysis. As the dominant C fixation pathway in maize rhizosphere soil, the abundance of the functional genes regulating the reductive citrate cycle (rTCA cycle) including korA, korB, and IHD1 was higher under the chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments [nitrogen fertilizer (N), compound chemical fertilization (NPK), the combination of compound chemical fertilizer with maize straw (NPKS)] than maize straw return treatments [maize straw return (S), the combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with maize straw (PKS)]. The NPK treatment decreased the abundance of functional genes involved in 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle (3-HP cycle; porA, porB, and porD), which was one of the major C fixation pathways in soil aside from dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate (DC/4-HB cycle) and Calvin cycle. The abundance of functional genes related to C degradation was higher in S, PKS and NPKS treatments than N and NPK treatments, and chemical N fertilizer application had a significant effect on C degradation. The dominant Methanaogenesis pathway in maize rhizosphere soil, used acetate as a substrate, and was significantly promoted under chemical N fertilizer application. The functional genes that were related to CH4 oxidation (i.e., pmoA and pmoB) were reduced under N and NPK treatments. Moreover, soil chemical properties had a significant impact on the functional genes related to C fixation and degradation, with SOC (r² = 0.79) and NO3--N (r² = 0.63) being the main regulators. These results implied that N fertilization rather than maize straw return had a greater influence on the C cycle in maize rhizosphere soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two of the most frequent mental disorders. These disorders exhibit similar psychotic symptoms, making diagnosis challenging and leading to misdiagnosis. Yet, the network complexity changes driving spontaneous brain activity in SZ and BD patients are still unknown. Functional entropy (FE) is a novel way of measuring the dispersion (or spread) of functional connectivities inside the brain. The FE was utilized in this study to examine the network complexity of the resting-state fMRI data of SZ and BD patients at three levels, including global, modules, and nodes. At three levels, the FE of SZ and BD patients was considerably lower than that of normal control (NC). At the intra-module level, the FE of SZ was substantially higher than that of BD in the cingulo-opercular network. Moreover, a strong negative association between FE and clinical measures was discovered in patient groups. Finally, we classified using the FE features and attained an accuracy of 66.7% (BD vs. SZ vs. NC) and an accuracy of 75.0% (SZ vs. BD). These findings proposed that network connectivity's complexity analyses using FE can provide important insights for the diagnosis of mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common tumour type in otorhinolaryngology, and its occurrence is related to long-term exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Recently, HPV infection has become an increasingly important contributor to HNSCC, and HPV-associated HNSCC has a different clinical course and better prognosis than non-HPV-associated HNSCC. However, the exact molecular mechanism of HNSCC is unclear. Here, we obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) to analyse the mitophagy process and related influencing factors of HPV-associated HNSCC via the integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. We found that in HPV-associated HNSCC, process of mitophagy affects tumour development, immune cell infiltration and prognosis. In the mitophagy process of HPV-related HNSCC: NOS2, IL17REL, TMSB15A, TUBB4A and other hub genes showed significantly higher expression levels than in non-HPV-related HNSCC. Furthermore, this was also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR), which was used to detect the expression of differentially expressed genes in HNSCC tissues. Furthermore, we found that the unique immunological characteristics by expressing CD8+ T cell in a high level in HPV-related HNSCC, and the scores obtained from the score model affected the prognosis of patients. In conclusion, our study revealed the unique biomolecular signature of mitophagy in HPV-associated HNSCC, which may contribute to the development of precise treatment regimens for HPV-associated HNSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous observational studies have suggested that antioxidant imbalance is correlated with neurodegenerative diseases, while its cause-effect remains unclear. Thus, the goal of the present study is to explore the causal relationship between 11 antioxidant biomarkers and 3 most common neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD)]. Methods: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to investigate the causal effects by using 3 main methods (Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median (WM), and MR-Egger regression) in the European population. The data of 11 antioxidant biomarkers were obtained from the open database by the most up-to-date Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), the summary statistics of PD and ALS were obtained from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) (33,674 cases, and 449,056 controls), and the International Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genomics Consortium (IALSC) (20,806 cases and 59,804 controls), respectively. For AD, we specifically used two recently published GWAS data, one from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) (21,982 cases and 41,944 controls), and the other from a large meta-analysis (71,880 cases and 383,378 controls) as validation data. Results: Based on the Bonferroni correction p < 0.0015, there was no significant causal evidence for the antioxidant biomarkers on neurodegenerative diseases, however, the reverse analysis found that AD was significantly related to the decrease in retinol (IVW: beta = -0.023, p = 0.0007; WM: beta = -0.025, p = 0.0121), while the same analysis was carried out between the AD validation database and retinol, the results were consistent (IVW: beta = -0.064, p = 0.025). Moreover, AD on Glutathione S-transferase (GST), PD on Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) as well as PD on uric acid (UA) also indicated potential causal-and-effect associations (IVW: p = 0.025; p = 0.027; p = 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: There was no sufficient evidence that antioxidant imbalance has a significant causal effect on neurodegenerative diseases. However, this study revealed that genetically predicted AD was significantly related to the decrease in retinol, which provides a new insight into previous research and indicates the possibility to regard retinol as potential biomarker for the diagnosis and progress of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the role of a high-speed railway system in driving the tourism industry, as the tourism market prepares to achieve sustainable development after the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the example of southwestern China, this study summarizes the configuration patterns of sustainable tourism development based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method, and subsequently uses the gravity model to express its core factor based on the ArcGIS platform. The study found that the tourism development pattern in this area was not homogenous, but rather a combination of six equivalent patterns (namely configured pattern). Tourism Economic Connection was the core variable to promote tourism development. Therefore, based on the configurational theory, each city should determine its own pattern and accordingly develop strengths as well as complement weaknesses. Furthermore, determined by the complexity theory, cities should capitalize on the strength of the high-speed railway system and learn from the accomplishments realized in other cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeal viruses are one of the most mysterious parts of the virosphere because of their diverse morphologies and unique genome contents. The crenarchaeal viruses are commonly found in high temperature and acidic hot springs, and the number of identified crenarchaeal viruses is being rapidly increased in recent two decades. Over fifty viruses infecting the members of the order Sulfolobales have been identified, most of which are from hot springs distributed in the United States, Russia, Iceland, Japan, and Italy. To further expand the reservoir of viruses infecting strains of Sulfolobaceae, we investigated virus diversity through cultivation-dependent approaches in hot springs in Tengchong, Yunnan, China. Eight different virus-like particles were detected in enrichment cultures, among which five new archaeal viruses were isolated and characterized. We showed that these viruses can infect acidophilic hyperthermophiles belonging to three different genera of the family Sulfolobaceae, namely, Saccharolobus, Sulfolobus, and Metallosphaera. We also compared the lipid compositions of the viral and cellular membranes and found that the lipid composition of some viral envelopes was very different from that of the host membrane. Collectively, our results showed that the Tengchong hot springs harbor highly diverse viruses, providing excellent models for archaeal virus-host studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small subpopulation of Vibrio splendidus AJ01 that was exposed to tetracycline at 10 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) still survived, named tetracycline-induced persister cells in our previous work. However, the formation mechanisms of persister is largely unknown. Here, we investigated tetracycline-induced AJ01 persister cells by transcriptome analysis and found that the purine metabolism pathway was significantly downregulated, which was consistent with lower levels of ATP, purine, and purine derivatives in our metabolome analysis. Inhibition of the purine metabolism pathway by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP, inhibits ATP production), increased persister cell formation and accompanied with the decreasing intracellular ATP levels and increasing cells with protein aggresome. On the other hand, the persister cells had reduced intracellular tetracycline concentrations and higher membrane potential after 6-MP treatment. Inhibition of the membrane potential by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone reversed 6-MP-induced persistence and resulted in higher levels of intracellular tetracycline accumulation. Meanwhile, cells with 6-MP treatment increased the membrane potential by dissipating the transmembrane proton pH gradient, which activated efflux to decrease the intracellular tetracycline concentration. Together, our findings show that reduction of purine metabolism regulates AJ01 persistence and is associated with protein aggresome formation and intracellular tetracycline efflux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of 18 preservatives compounds (methyl chloride isothiazolinone, etc.) in infant cosmetics. The cosmetic samples were extracted with 0.1 mg/mL ascorbic acid methanol as the solvent, separated on an Agilent DB-5 MS chromatographic column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) by temperature programming with split injection technique, analyzed by GC-MS, and then quantified by an external standard curve. The results indicate that the effective separation and determination of 18 preservatives can be realized within 20 minutes. The method has good linear relationship with the correlation coefficients (R) greater than 0.998, the limits of detection (LOD) are in the ranges of 0.15-1.50 μg/kg, and the average recoveries at three spiked levels are in the range of 76.7%-104.9%. The method is accurate, rapid, simple, and quite suitable for the simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in infant cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progressed, especially with the emergence of the Omicron variant, the proportion of infected children and adolescents increased significantly. Some treatment such as Chinese herbal medicine has been administered for COVID-19 as a therapeutic option. Jin-Zhen Oral Liquid is widely used for pediatric acute bronchitis, while the efficacy and safety in the treatment of pediatric COVID-19 are unclear. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, multicenter, noninferiority clinical study involving hospitalized children with mild to moderate COVID-19. Children eligible for enrollment were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to Jin-Zhen Oral Liquid (the treatment group) and Jinhua Qinggan Granules (the positive control group) and received the respective agent for 14 days, followed by a 14-day follow-up after discontinuation of the treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to first negative viral testing. The secondary endpoints were the time and rate of major symptoms disappearance, duration of hospitalization, and the proportion of symptoms changed from asymptomatic or mild to moderate or severe/critical illness. In addition, the safety end points of any adverse events were observed. Results: A total of 240 child patients were assigned randomly into the Jin-Zhen Oral Liquid (117 patients) and Jinhua Qinggan Granules (123 patients) groups. There was no significant difference of the baselines in terms of the clinical characteristics and initial symptoms between the two groups. After 14-day administration, the time to first negative viral testing in the Jin-Zhen group (median 6.0 days, 95% CI 5.0-6.0) was significantly shorter compared with the positive control Jinhua Qinggan Granules group (median 7.0 days, 95% CI 7.0-8.0). The time and rate of major clinical symptoms disappearance were comparable to the positive control. The symptom disappearance time of pharyngalgia and hospitalization duration were significantly shortened in the Jinzhen Oral Liquid group. No participants in either group experienced posttreatment exacerbation to severe or critical illness. No adverse events were observed in the Jin-Zhen Oral Liquid treatment group (0.0%) while 1 patient with adverse events occurred in the positive control Jinhua Qinggan granules group (0.8%). No serious adverse events were observed during the study period in both groups. Conclusion: Jin-Zhen Oral Liquid is safe and effective in the treatment of mild to medium COVID-19 in children. It is non-inferior to Jinhua Qinggan granules in shortening the time to first negative viral testing, the time and rate of major clinical symptoms disappearance, and the hospitalization duration. The results suggest that Jin-Zhen Oral Liquid can be a recommended drug for treatment of pediatric COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in relation to the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR), and to further compare the predictive value of NHR and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for CI-AKI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1243 AMI patients undergoing PCI from January 2019 to December 2021, and collected creatinine within 72 h after PCI. All patients were divided into a CI-AKI group and non-CI-AKI group according to the definition of CI-AKI, and the clinical information of the two groups was compared. Potential risk factors for CI-AKI in AMI patients undergoing primary PCI were screened by using logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive value of NHR and NLR. Results: A high NHR and high NLR were correlated with a high incidence of CI-AKI in AMI patients undergoing primary PCI, and NHR (odds ratio (OR): 1.313, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.199-1.438) and NLR (OR: 1.105, 95% CI: 1.041-1.174) were independent risk factors for CI-AKI (p < 0.05). Compared with NLR, the area under the curve (AUC) of NHR was larger (AUC = 0.668, 95% CI: 0.641-0.694 vs. AUC = 0.723, 95% CI: 0.697-0.748), and the difference was significant (p < 0.05), with higher sensitivity (61.67% vs. 70.83%) and specificity (64.91% vs. 66.10%). Conclusions: Compared with the NLR, the NHR is more valuable in predicting the incidence of CI-AKI in AMI patients undergoing primary PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) demonstrated that closely controlling blood pressure (BP) could decrease cardiovascular outcome risk without increasing the orthostatic hypotension rate. We aimed to evaluate the association between baseline orthostatic BP change and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) occurrence.Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis using SPRINT data including 9329 patients with hypertension. The SPRINT trial was a two-arm, multicentre, randomised clinical trial designed to test whether an intensive treatment aimed at reducing systolic BP (SBP) to <120 mm Hg would reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Orthostatic BP change was defined as baseline standing systolic BP (SBP)-baseline mean seated SBP, or diastolic BP (DBP)-baseline mean seated DBP.Results: We found a U-shaped relationship between orthostatic BP changes and MACE occurrence. All lowest risk points were around 0 mm Hg. On the left side of the inflection point, MACE risk decreased with orthostatic BP change decrease (HR=0.99, 95% CI (0.98 to 1.00), p=0.04, SBP change) (HR=0.97, 95% CI (0.95 to 0.99), p<0.01, DBP change); on the right side, MACE risk increased with orthostatic BP change increase (HR=1.02, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.06), p<0.01, SBP change) (HR=1.01, 95% CI (1.00 to 1.03), p=0.16, DBP change). There was no significant interaction effect between orthostatic SBP (p for interaction=0.37) or DBP changes (p for interaction=0.33) and intensive BP management.Conclusions: Orthostatic DBP increase and SBP decrease were associated with an increased MACE risk. The benefits of intensive BP management were also consistent across different orthostatic BP change ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]