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Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was developed for older patients or those with poor functional status. Haploidentical donor was appropriate alternative donor for patients without matched donors or patients with emergency disease state. However, there was few studies report the outcomes of RIC regimen of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) based haploidentical HSCT. The selection of the appropriate RIC regimen based on age and comorbidities in ATG-based haploidentical HSCT remains poorly described. To investigate the safety and efficacy of RIC regimen ATG-based haploidentical HSCT in older or unfit patients. Additionally, to explore the potential factors that impact the prognosis of RIC regimen of ATG-based haploidentical HSCT. We included a retrospective cohort of 63 patients with hematologic malignant diseases who underwent their first RIC haploidentical HSCT from November 2016 to June 2022 at our institutions. The conditioning regimen involved fludarabine (Flu) 30 mg/m²/kg 6 days combined with busulfan 3.2 mg/kg 2 days (Bu2) or 3 days (Bu3). ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F) was administered 10 mg/kg in total, ATG-thymoglobulin (ATG-T) was administered 6 mg/kg in total. The median age of patients in the entire cohort was 60 (32–67) years with a median follow-up of 496 (83–2182) days. There were 29 patients with AML, 20 patients with MDS, and 14 patients with ALL. A total of 32 patients underwent Bu2 RIC haplo-HSCT and 31 patients were treated with Bu3 RIC haplo-HSCT. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) in whole cohort were 67.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.8 − 85.1%) and 61.4% (95% CI, 48.8 − 77.3%) respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of grades II to IV and grades III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in whole cohort were 15.8% (95% CI, 4.8 − 19.6%) and 9.7% (95% CI, 0.0 − 11.8%) respectively. The 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 34.0% (95% CI, 18.9 − 46.3%). The 2-year cumulative incidence rates of relapse (IR) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates in whole cohort were 27.5% (95% CI, 14.5 − 33.7%) and 11.6% (95% CI, 2.2 − 21.9%) respectively. The probability of 2-year OS were 60.2% (95% CI:42.5-85.3%) in Bu2 and 85.5%(95% CI:73.0-100%) in Bu3 group respectively(P = 0.150). The probability of 2-year DFS were 49.7% (95% CI:33.0-74.8%) in Bu2 and 72.6% (95% CI:55.5-95.5%) in Bu3 group respectively (P = 0.045). The 2-year IR of Bu2 group was significantly higher than Bu3 group (P = 0.045). However, the 2-year NRM were not significantly different between Bu2 and Bu3 group(P > 0.05). In multivariable analysis, RIC regimen of Bu3 had superior OS and DFS than Bu2 group respectively [HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18–0.98; P = 0.044; HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.86; P = 0.022]. Besides, RIC regimen of Bu3 had lower IR than Bu2 group [HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.89; P = 0.029]. The RIC regimen of ATG-based haploidentical HSCT is a safe and effective treatment option for patients who are older or have poor functional status. In particular, a relatively high-intensity pre-treatment regimen consisting of Bu achieves significant improvements in OS and DFS, thus providing more favorable post-transplantation clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additional chromosomal abnormalities(ACAs) at diagnosis are associated with inferior prognosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. However, the prognostic significance of ACAs in adult patients with Philadelphia Chromosome Positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) receiving TKI-targeted drugs and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) is unknown. One hundred thirty-six adult patients with Ph + ALL were included in the study and retrospectively analysed, evaluating the effect of ACAs on outcomes of transplantation. ACAs are observed in 60 cases (44%). ACAs detected in more than 5% of cases were defined as major-route and encompass: +der(22), +der(9), + 8, -7 and complex karyotype. The median follow-up was 26.4 months. In the subgroup analyses of major route ACAs, three-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and progression-free survival(PFS) are statistically significant in + 8[66.7% vs.23.7%, P = 0.024; 77.8% vs. 23.7%, P = 0.0087], -7[53.8% vs. 23.7%, P = 0.035%; 61.5% vs. 32.9%, P = 0.033], and complex karyotypes[42.9% vs. 23.7%, P = 0.027; 47.6% vs. 23.7%] compared with t(9;22) sole. Additionally, the 3-year CIR for Ph + ALL with + der(22) is 44% vs. 23.7% for t(9;22) sole(P = 0.045). The 3-year overall survival (OS) in the − 7 group is 46.5%, which is statistically significant compared with the other groups(P = 0.001). In multivariate analyses, three years CIR and PFS are statistically significant in + der(22), + 8, -7 and complex karyotype compared with t(9;22) sole(P < 0.05). More importantly, Ph + ALL with − 7 was negatively associated with the rate of 3-year OS(P = 0.012). Thus, ACAs at diagnosis appear to have a significant prognostic impact on transplantation outcomes in patients with Ph + ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the prognosis of Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has improved with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and stem cell transplantation, prevention of relapse after transplantation remains a concern. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of TKI prophylaxis with imatinib and dasatinib on long‐term outcomes after transplantation. Methods: Patients with Ph+ ALL who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) at first complete remission (CR1) and received TKI prophylaxis after allo‐HSCT were included in this retrospective analysis. Two cohorts were established based on the choice of TKI prophylaxis: the imatinib (Ima) and dasatinib (Das) cohorts. The survival and safety outcomes of these cohorts were compared. Results: Ninety‐one patients in the Ima cohort and 50 in the Das cohort were included. After a median follow‐up of 50.6 months, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse, nonrelapse mortality rate, and overall survival in the Ima and Das cohorts were 16.1% and 12.5%, 5.2% and 9.8%, and 86.5% and 77.6%, respectively, with no statistical differences. The cumulative incidence of mild chronic graft‐versus‐host disease was higher in the Das cohort. The most common adverse event was neutropenia (64.7% vs. 69.5%). The Das cohort had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (25.5% vs. 2.3%) and gastrointestinal reaction (48.9% vs. 31.4%) than the Ima cohort. The proportion of patients treated on schedule was significantly lower in the Das cohort than in the Ima cohort, and drug intolerance was the main reason for protocol violation. Conclusions: For patients with Ph+ ALL undergoing allo‐HSCT in CR1, imatinib prophylaxis achieved long‐term outcomes similar to those of dasatinib. The results of this study show patients with Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at first complete remission receiving imatinib or dasatinib prophylaxis had long‐term survival. The tolerance of imatinib after HSCT seemed better than dasatinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De novo anti‐HLA donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) were rarely reported in stem cell transplantation patients. We present a case of 39‐year‐old acute myelogenous leukaemia patient who developed de novo DSAs only 16 days after transplantation with the highest mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 7406.23, which were associated with poor graft function (PGF). We used plasma exchange (PE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to reduce DSA level. A series of treatment including mesenchymal stem cells and donor cell transfusion were used to help recover graft function. On day 130, the patient achieved a successful engraftment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to characterize the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 492 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) during the Omicron wave. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from patient charts and the electronic medical record systems at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between December 2022 and January 2023. Results The median follow-up period of the entire cohort was 62 days. Myeloid malignancies (58.5%) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (30.5%) constituted the most common underlying disease. Among the 492 patients, 415, 67, and 10 exhibited mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, respectively. The incidence of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 15.7%. The 60-day overall survival and complete resolution rates were 98.1% and 80.6%, respectively. The risk factors for moderate-to-severe COVID-19 included corticosteroid use within 3 months before diagnosis, <6 months interval between allo-HSCT and COVID-19 diagnosis, and antithymocyte globulin use for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Conclusions During the Omicron wave, patients with allo-HSCT demonstrated a low COVID-19–related mortality rate and high moderate-to-severe and prolonged disease incidence. Prevention in the early posttransplantation period is critical for allo-HSCT recipients receiving corticosteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the trajectory of teacher concept development during collaborative research practice promoted by a university-school partnership teacher development program. Drawing on Vygotsky's and Engeström's notion of concept formation, it examined how a secondary EFL teaching-research officer (TRO) negotiated between scientific and everyday concepts as she co-constructed the research theme "teaching assessment literacy" with mentors and fellow teachers mediated by the program. Multiple sources of data were collected over a span of two years, including six rounds of oral defense and research reporting activities, classroom observations, interviews, journals, and research reports. The analysis showed that the TRO experienced a gradually integrated and transformed path of concept development, and also initiated an expansive learning opportunity for her research participants, triggering collective concept development. While the program played a significant role in providing multi-module facilitating activities, academic-practice joint mentoring and collective scaffolding, more subtle guidance is suggested for the tension-laden process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the cellular composition of peripheral blood grafts for anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG)‐based myeloablative haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT). Methods: Clinical characteristics were retrospectively evaluated in a training cohort with ATG‐based myeloablative haplo‐HSCT between January 2016 and February 2020 and confirmed in a validation cohort between March 2020 and June 2021. Results: A higher dose of graft CD8+ T cells (≥ 0.85 × 108 kg−1) was significantly improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 1.750; P = 0.002) and disease‐free survival (DFS; HR, 1.751; P < 0.001) in the training cohort, according to multivariate Cox regression analysis. Higher doses of mononuclear cells (MNCs) demonstrated better OS (HR, 1.517; P = 0.038) and DFS (HR, 1.532; P = 0.027). Older patient age (> 46 years), older donor age (≥ 50 years) and a higher refined disease risk index (rDRI) were also related to OS. A graft CD8+ T‐cell risk system based on graft CD8+ T‐cell dose, donor age and rDRI was constructed using a nomogram model after LASSO Cox regression analysis. It showed acceptable discrimination, with a C‐index of 0.62 and 0.63, respectively. Graft CD8+ T‐cell dose was negatively correlated with donor age (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with a higher lymphocyte percentage in the peripheral blood before mobilisation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A higher CD8+ T‐cell dose in peripheral blood‐derived grafts improves patients' survival with ATG‐based myeloablative haplo‐HSCT. Younger donors with higher lymphocyte percentages improved patients' survival with an intermediate rDRI risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We previously reported an increased expression of microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) in the blood monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that could be responsible for impaired monocyte polarization to anti‐inflammatory M2‐like macrophages. In this study, we employed two preclinical models of RA, collagen‐induced arthritis and K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, to examine the therapeutic potential of antagomiR‐155‐5p entrapped within PEGylated (polyethylene glycol [PEG]) liposomes in resolution of arthritis and repolarization of monocytes towards the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. Methods: AntagomiR‐155‐5p or antagomiR‐control were encapsulated in PEG liposomes of 100 nm in size and −10 mV in zeta potential with high antagomiR loading efficiency (above 80%). Mice were injected intravenously with 1.5 nmol/100 μL PEG liposomes containing antagomiR‐155‐5p or control after the induction of arthritis. Results: We demonstrated the biodistribution of fluorescently tagged PEG liposomes to inflamed joints one hour after the injection of fluorescently tagged PEG liposomes, as well as the liver's subsequent accumulation after 48 hours, indicative of hepatic clearance, in mice with arthritis. The injection of PEG liposomes containing antagomiR‐155‐5p decreased arthritis score and paw swelling compared with PEG liposomes containing antagomiR‐control or the systemic delivery of free antagomiR‐155‐5p. Moreover, treatment with PEG liposomes containing antagomiR‐155‐5p led to the restoration of bone marrow monocyte defects in anti‐inflammatory macrophage differentiation without any significant functional change in other immune cells, including splenic B and T cells. Conclusion: The injection of antagomiR‐155‐5p encapsulated in PEG liposomes allows the delivery of small RNA to monocytes and macrophages and reduces joint inflammation in murine models of RA, providing a promising strategy in human disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA) are a major cause of engraftment failure in patients receiving haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo‐HSCT). Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) avoids the unnecessary loss of plasma proteins and increases the efficiency of purification. To investigate the effectiveness of the desensitization protocol including DFPP and rituximab, we conducted a nested case–control study. Thirty‐three patients who had positive DSA were desensitized by the protocol and 99 patients with negative DSA were randomly matched as control. The median DSA mean fluorescence intensity values before and after DFPP treatment were 7505.88 ± 4424.38 versus 2013.29 ± 4067.22 (p < 0.001). All patients in DSA group achieved haematopoietic reconstitution and the median neutrophils and platelets engraftment times were 13 (10–21) and 13 (10–29) days respectively. Although the cumulative incidence of II–IV aGVHD (41.4% vs. 28.1%) and 3‐year moderate to severe cGVHD (16.8% vs. 7.2%) were higher in DSA cohort than in the control, no statistical significance was observed. The 3‐year non‐relapse mortality and the overall survival were 6.39% and 72.0%, respectively, in the DSA cohort, which were comparable to the negative control. In conclusion, DFPP and rituximab could be effectively used for desensitization and overcome the negative effects of DSA in Haplo‐HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Most events that limit life expectancy after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) occur within the first 2 years; however, treatment outcomes in long‐term survivors who survive for at least 2 years post‐HSCT without relapse are yet to be elucidated. To explore the life expectancy trends and late complications and to assess the main mortality‐related factors, we investigated the characteristics of patients who received allo‐HSCT for haematological malignancies from 2007 to 2019 in our centre and survived in remission for 2 years. A cohort of 831 patients was enrolled; of these, 508 received grafts from haploidentical‐related donors (61.1%). The estimated overall survival rate at 10 years was 91.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.8–93.5), which was affected by prior grade III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.98; 95% CI, 1.47–6.03; p = 0.002) and severe chronic GVHD (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.93–6.71; p < 0.001). The probability of late relapse and non‐relapse mortality at 10 years was 8.7% (95% CI, 6.9–10.8) and 3.6% (95% CI, 2.5–5.1) respectively. The top cause of late mortality was relapsed (49.0%). Projected long‐term survival in 2‐year disease‐free survivors following allo‐HSCT was excellent. Strategies should be implemented to minimise the late death‐specific hazards in recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of China's economy has also led to serious environmental problems, which have seriously restricted China's sustainable development. To this end, the Chinese government has continued to explore environmental governance. So, can environmental governance policies promote industrial green transformation, so as to achieve the goal of sustainable development? Will environmental policy competition among local governments have an impact on them? These issues are the focus of this article. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2006 to 2021, this article empirically analyzes the relationship between environmental governance, local government competition, and industrial green transformation. The results found that there was a "U" type nonlinear relationship between environmental governance and industrial green transformation. On the whole, most regions of China are still in the development stage where environmental governance is not conducive to industrial green transformation. There is competition for environmental governance policies among local governments in China, and the characteristics of "race to the bottom" are more significant. In the East developed areas, there is a more significant "yardstick competition" game state. In the Midwest undeveloped areas, it is manifested as competition for resources by deregulation of the environment, thereby promoting short‐term economic growth. In addition, local protection behaviors negatively regulate the impact of environmental governance on industrial green transformation, that is, inhibiting local industrial green transformation by causing labor market mismatch. This study can provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to adopt measures to achieve the sustainable development of the economy and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the annual mean PM2.5 concentration data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2020, this paper constructs a structural model of manufacturing haze pollution, expounds the main mechanisms affecting haze pollution, then statistically decomposes the main factors affecting the change of pollution emissions, and examines the direct and indirect impact paths of the change of haze pollution emissions in China. The study found that (1) the inhibitory effects of latent variables on manufacturing haze pollution is from strong to weak in order: industrial structure upgrading, environmental regulation, trade opening, productivity improvement, and economic scale expansion, while the optimal path for the indirect effect of exogenous latent variables on haze pollution is to rely on environmental regulation and opening up to achieve the improvement of productivity, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing haze pollution. (2) The analysis based on the PVAR model found that industrial structure adjustment is the key factor of haze decline in both the short and long term. Environmental regulation has an obvious effect on haze control in the short term, but in the long run, it still needs to rely on industrial structure adjustment, production efficiency improvement, and trade opening to achieve the goal of reducing haze. (3) There is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between output scale and environmental regulation. In addition, trade openness has a long-term effect on productivity. Technology spillovers from opening up can reduce haze pollution in the long run by improving productivity. (4) The environmental regulation policy in the central region is characterized by "race to the bottom," while the eastern region shows the characteristic of "race to the top" in the policy game of improving productivity and optimizing the industrial structure. Therefore, haze control requires an appropriate intensity of environmental regulation to reduce the proportion of high pollution and high energy consumption industries. Make full use of the international cooperation platform of the "the Belt and Road Initiative" and the pilot free trade zone to promote substantive cooperation between Chinese enterprises and developed countries in the field of environmental protection technology, increase investment in research and development of clean equipment and cleaner production technology, improve productivity, help China's green manufacturing, and contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to global environmental governance and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current experimental teaching quality evaluation methods have been difficult to meet the quantitative and accurate requirements of evaluation indicators. For that, in this paper, we propose an ICNNs-DS (improved convolution neural networks-Dempster–Shafer) integrated model for the quality evaluation of experimental teaching. We first develop the structural risk of support vector machines to replace the criteria for the minimization of empirical risk of designing ICNNs model. Then, we devise both an advanced data processing method of evaluation matrix and a reconstruction function to comprehensively calculate various values. Furthermore, we present a targeted fusion evaluation model of DS (ICNNs-DS model) to combine various results of each of the ICNNs modules. Finally, we conduct related experiments to demonstrate the performance advantage of the ICNNs-DS integrated model. Experiment results show that: (1) the operation of ICNNs can effectively solve the complex nonlinear relationship among the evaluation indexes of experimental teaching quality. (2) The fusion method of DS, which has taken into account and retained the values representing the essential characteristics of the evaluation indexes, can well assemble various independent ICNNs modules. (3) ICNNs-DS model can enhance complementary advantages in experimental teaching quality assessment. The results of performance metrics show that the proposed ICNNs-DS integrated model has the best performance of all experimental teaching quality evaluation methods in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a key strategy for the treatment of AML relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and has been used for either prophylactic, pre-emptive, or therapeutic purposes. However, the prognosis of these patients remains dismal even after DLI infusion (2-year overall survival, ~25%), and the efficacy is achieved at the cost of toxicities such as graft-versus-host (GVH) disease. Attempts to optimize DLI efficacy and safety, such as dose/timing modification and the use of cytoreduction, before DLI have been performed previously. Recently, a great number of novel targeted and immunomodulatory agents have emerged. Some of them, such as hypomethylating agents, FLT3 and Bcl-2 inhibitors, have been used in combination with DLI, aiming to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Moreover, manipulation of the DLI graft through cell selection (e. g., donor NK cells) or cell engineering (donor CAR-T cells) has shown potentially superior anti-tumor effects but less GVH effect than conventional DLI in clinical trials. This review summarizes the recent advances on the use of DLI for the prophylaxis/treatment of AML relapse and discusses future strategies which may further improve the treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher written feedback (TWF) has long been regarded as a necessary pedagogical tool for improving the writing proficiency of ESL/EFL learners, while student responses to this feedback can often reflect its effectiveness. This paper reviews 64 articles appearing in high-ranking journals during 2010–2021 in terms of research methodology, theoretical framework and main findings. Analysis of these articles reveals few studies adopted any theoretical frameworks to examine learner responses to TWF and suggests a need for longitudinal naturalistic studies adopting mixed methods and some theoretical framework such as sociocultural theory of mind (SCT) to better explain learners' dynamic engagement in response to TWF. The main findings of these previous studies reveal the diverse responses among learners at different language proficiency levels and in various sociocultural contexts. The results of the review indicate that future research could take classroom-based mixed-method research design to investigate learner variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is successful in improving treatment outcomes for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL). However, toxicities associated with CAR-T therapy are being increasingly identified. Pancytopenia is one of the most common complications after CAR-T therapy, and platelet transfusions are an essential part of its supportive care. Study Design and Methods: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of platelet transfusions for R/R ALL patients at our single center and identify associated risk factors. Overall, 44 R/R ALL patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 26 received CAR-T therapy and 18 received salvage chemotherapy. Result: Patients in the CAR-T group had a higher incidence of platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) (15/26, 57.7%) than those in the chemotherapy group (3/18, 16.7%) (p = 0.007). For patients receiving CAR-T therapy, multivariate analysis showed that the grade of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was the only independent risk factor associated with PTR (p = 0.007). Moreover, higher peak serum IL-6 and IFN-γ levels suggested a higher risk of PTR (p = 0.024 and 0.009, respectively). Patients with PTR received more platelet infusion doses than those without PTR (p = 0.0426). Patients with PTR had more grade 3–4 bleeding events than those without PTR (21.4 vs. 0%, p = 0.230), and the cumulative incidence of grade 3–4 bleeding event was different (p = 0.023). Conclusion: We found for the first time that PTR is associated with the CRS grade. Improved knowledge on the mechanisms of PTR after CAR-T therapy is needed to design a rational therapeutic strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of transfusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The groundwater quality is essential for high quality of life and social development. Thus, the importance and necessity of the accurate and rigorous requirements for contaminated groundwater assessment has increasingly attracted engineers' and researchers' attentions. In order to improve the precision and robustness of the groundwater quality evaluation of domestic waste landfills, based on the variable fuzzy set (VFS) pair and the optimized N.L. Nemerow index, we develop an optimized fuzzy set pair (OFSP) model for groundwater quality assessment. Then, we devise the OFSP model by five key elements of optimized synthesis operator "C", relative difference " u i ′ " , connection degree"ui", optimized N.L. Nemerow index "Pi," and pollution load ratio "Ji", which can achieve the reasonable groundwater quality assessment model, the stable groundwater quality evaluation process, and the convincing evaluation results. Finally, a case study on groundwater quality assessment of various domestic landfills in China is conducted to explore the comprehensive impacts of domestic landfills in different regions and types on groundwater pollution from multiple perspectives, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed OFSP model. The groundwater quality assessment results of various domestic landfills indicate that the pollution level of groundwater under unregulated domestic landfills in eastern and southern China is the worst. Based on the assessment results of groundwater quality, we compare the groundwater quality levels obtained by various mainstream methods. In line with precision (0.985), correlation (0.934), robustness (0.953), and rationality (0.946), our designed OFSP model has the best performance. In addition, according to the indexes of discrimination (0.217) and versatility (0.837), the designed OFSP model also has a good ability. Results of experiments well prove that the proposed OFSP model could play a good performance on groundwater quality evaluation in domestic landfills, compared with other mainstream models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. With the extensive application of CAR-T therapy in clinical settings, CAR-T-associated toxicities have become increasingly apparent. However, information regarding the associated infections is limited. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of infection during CAR-T therapy and identify the potential risk factors. Especially, we evaluated infections and the associated risk factors in 92 patients. The cohort included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 58) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 34). Fifteen cases of infection (predominantly bacterial) were observed within 28 days of CAR-T therapy, with an infection density of 0.5 infections for every 100 days-at-risk. Neutropenia before CAR-T therapy (P =.005) and prior infection (P =.046) were independent risk factors associated with infection within 28 days after CAR-T therapy; corticosteroid treatment during cytokine release syndrome (P =.013) was an independent risk factor during days 29–180 after CAR-T infusions. Moreover, the 2-year survival duration was significantly shorter in patients with infections than in those without (126 vs 409 days; P =.006). Our results suggested that effective anti-infection therapies may improve prognosis of patients who have a high infection risk. The risk of bacterial infections during the early stages of CAR-T therapy and the subsequent risk of viral infections thereafter should be considered to provide the appropriate treatment and improve patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. CAR-T therapy has been extensively applied in the clinical setting; however, few systematic studies have evaluated the cost of CAR-T treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the total cost and cost structure of CAR-T therapy and identify potential risk factors leading to increased costs. Methods: We identified the associated risk factors in 89 patients in a phase 1/2 study. The cohort included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 55) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 34). Results: Overall, the treatment of the ALL cohort was costlier than that of the NHL cohort (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the ALL cohort, it was costlier to treat patients with a high tumor burden (P < 0.001), high cytokine release syndrome (CRS) grade (P < 0.001), and complications of infection after CAR-T cell infusion (CTI) in the whole cohort (P = 0.013) than patients with a low tumor burden, with low CRS grade, and without infection, respectively. CRS grade and length of stay (P ≤ 0.005) were independent risk factors associated with the total cost in both the ALL and NHL cohorts during CAR-T therapy. A high tumor burden, duration of fever, and treatment with tocilizumab were independent risk factors associated with the total cost in the ALL cohort (P < 0.05). Conclusions: CAR-T treatment should be extended to patients with a low tumor burden or patients in a state of complete remission, and a corticosteroid approach, as opposed to tocilizumab, may reduce costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by activity theory, this study examines the major contradictions in an English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher professional learning community (PLC) established in China through a university–district–school partnership. Multiple sources of data were collected, including interviews, observations, and documents. Data analyses revealed four levels of contradictions: the primary contradiction between the university researcher and school teachers, the secondary contradiction between imparting theory and teacher learning, the tertiary contradiction between existing practice and new design, and the quaternary contradiction between practical engagement and academic research. The community members took a series of strategic actions, including questioning and observation, analysis and proposal, examination and implementation, and reflection and resolution. The study may offer insights about nurturing language teacher PLCs and overcoming contradictions in similar joint activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have a poor prognosis, with a 2-year survival rate of 14%. The optimal treatment for these patients remains unclear. To treat these patients, we designed a new salvage regimen consisting of decitabine, cladribine, cytarabine, and granulocyte-stimulating factor (D-CLAG).Case Presentation: Here, we describe a case of acute monocytic leukemia with a complex karyotype in a 38-year-old female patient who relapsed after her first HSCT, which was performed using a matched sibling donor. The patient did not respond to standard induction chemotherapy and subsequently achieved complete remission with the D-CLAG regimen. No severe hematological or extramedullary toxicity was observed. Subsequently, the patient received a second D-CLAG regimen as a bridge therapy and directly underwent haploidentical related HSCT. Following HSCT, the marrow showed complete hematologic and cytogenetic remission. Currently, 1 year after transplantation, the patient's general condition remains good.Conclusions: This case suggests that the D-CLAG regimen can be an option for reinduction in relapsed refractory AML patients as a bridge to transplantation. Nevertheless, further research will be required in the future as this report describes only a single case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the effects of languaging by asking four pairs of Chinese university English as a foreign language (EFL) students to rewrite a story from a different perspective through three stages (composing – comparing – revising). Multiple sources of data were collected, including pair discussions, co-constructed writings, individual revised texts, and interviews. Data analysis found that languaging, as an important meditational tool, helped the participants to co-construct meaning and solve problems (e.g. comprehending the original text, structuring their ideas, finding proper expressions) in the process of writing. Languaging was also observed to have immediate, delayed, and ongoing effects on joint writing and individual revision. This study suggests that an opportunity to engage in languaging with the support of source readings and models can facilitate the generation of students’ ideas and expressions necessary for writing and allow them to reflect on their language knowledge in the process of writing and revising, resulting in the improvement of their L2 writing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined four experienced teachers' beliefs and practices in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) writing at a university in China. Multiple sources of data were collected over two semesters, including class observations, interviews, and course materials. All the teachers perceived that they integrated product and process elements of writing in their teaching. However, they varied in their views about the focus and function of prewriting, multiple drafts, teacher written feedback, peer review, and the teacher's role in students' learning to write. Three of the four teachers showed consistency between their beliefs and practices in teaching writing, while the remaining one's practices were in some cases consistent with his beliefs and in other cases contradictory. Variability in beliefs and practices about teaching writing was related to individuals' prior experiences as EFL learners and teachers, their understanding of students' capabilities, self-reflection, and collegial influences. The development of their beliefs and practices in teaching writing paralleled the development of L2 writing theories in the West, mirroring the worldwide spread of English and of professional networks over recent decades. This study indicates that teachers' beliefs and practices need to be explicitly taken into account in designing and implementing development programmes for L2 writing teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the impact of positive self-evaluation in cultivating students' effective English writing performance. Data analysis indicates student writing self-efficacy and writing performance are positively related. It implies that the students with high writing self-efficacy have achieved better writing performance compared to those with low writing self-efficacy.

The article presents a study which examines the problems and strategies in writing Master of Arts (MA) thesis proposals by second language English learners. Data analysis indicates the students' problems in their choice of research topic, design for thesis proposal, and grasp of the genre. The graduates students of Teaching English as Foreign Language (TEFL) have completed the thesis proposals by holding discussions with supervisors, reading relevant literature, and observing presentations.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that the incorrect Fig. 2A was published in the article. The recovery times required to achieve a normal neutrophil count was omitted. The corrected Fig. 2 is given below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]