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Objective: Autoinflammation and phospholipase C (PLC) γ2–associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease caused by gain‐of‐function variants in PLCG2. This study investigates the pathogenic mechanism of a novel variant of PLCG2 in a patient with APLAID syndrome. Methods: Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the pathogenic variant in the patient. Single‐cell RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, luciferase assay, inositol monophosphate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, calcium flux assay, quantitative PCR, and immunoprecipitation were used to define inflammatory signatures and evaluate the effects of the PLCG2 variant on protein functionality and immune signaling. Results: We identified a novel de novo variant, PLCG2 p.D993Y, in a patient with colitis, pansinusitis, skin rash, edema, recurrent respiratory infections, B‐cell deficiencies, and hypogammaglobulinemia. The single‐cell transcriptome revealed exacerbated inflammatory responses in the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expression of the D993Y variant in HEK293T, COS‐7, and PLCG2 knock‐out THP‐1 cell lines showed heightened PLCγ2 phosphorylation; elevated inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate production and intracellular Ca2+ release; and activation of the MAPK, NF‐κB, and NFAT signaling pathways compared with control‐transfected cells. In vitro experiments indicated that the D993Y variant altered amino acid properties, disrupting the interaction between the catalytic and autoinhibitory domains of PLCγ2, resulting in PLCγ2 autoactivation. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the PLCG2 D993Y variant is a gain‐of‐function mutation via impairing its autoinhibition, activating multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, thus leading to APLAID syndrome. This study further broadens the molecular underpinnings and phenotypic spectrum of PLCγ2‐related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural polymer‐derived nanofibrils have gained significant interest in diverse fields. However, production of bio‐nanofibrils with the hierarchical structures such as fibrillar structures and crystalline features remains a great challenge. Herein, an all‐natural strategy for simple, green, and scalable top‐down exfoliation silk nanofibrils (SNFs) in novel renewable deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed by amino acids and D‐sorbitol is innovatively developed. The DES‐exfoliated SNFs with a controllable fibrillar structures and intact crystalline features, novelty preserving the hierarchical structure of natural silk fibers. Owing to the amphiphilic nature, the DES‐exfoliated SNFs show excellent capacity of assisting the exfoliation of several 2D‐layered materials, i.e., h‐BN, MoS2, and WS2. More importantly, the SNFs‐assisted dispersion of BNNSs with a concentration of 59.3% can be employed to construct SNFs/BNNSs nanocomposite membranes with excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 416.7 MPa, tensile modulus of 3.86 GPa and toughness of 1295.4 KJ·m−3) and thermal conductivity (in‐plane thermal conductivity coefficient of 3.84 W·m−1·K−1), enabling it to possess superior cooling efficiency compared with the commercial silicone pad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases are related to the dysfunction of eye tissues. Ubiquitin is an important form of protein post-translational modification, which plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of diseases through specific modification of target proteins. Ubiquitination governs a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, including proteasome degradation, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. Studies have found that ubiquitin can play a role in eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, keratopathy, retinopathy, and eye tumors. In this paper, the role of protein ubiquitination in eye diseases was reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a physiological signal directly generated by the central nervous system. Brain rhythm is closely related to a person's emotional state and is widely used for EEG emotion recognition. In previous studies, the rhythm specificity between different brain channels was seldom explored. In this paper, the rhythm specificity of brain channels is studied to improve the accuracy of EEG emotion recognition. Variational mode decomposition is used to decompose rhythm signals and enhance features, and two kinds of information entropy, i.e., differential entropy (DE) and dispersion entropy (DispEn) are extracted. The rhythm being used to get the best result of single channel emotion recognition is selected as the representative rhythm, and the remove one method is employed to obtain rhythm information entropy feature. In the experiment, the DEAP database was used for EEG emotion recognition in valence-arousal space. The results showed that the best result of rhythm DE feature classification in the valence dimension is 77.04%, and the best result of rhythm DispEn feature classification in the arousal dimension is 79.25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substantial degradation can occur to warm permafrost due to changes in surface conditions resulting from infrastructure development and climate warming. The associated geohazards, including differential settlement, slope instability, and liquefaction of degraded, unconsolidated materials in seismically active warm permafrost regions, pose substantial threats to the built infrastructure. Among them, seismic hazards of degraded permafrost have received little attention. This paper aims to provide a case study of an airport built on warm permafrost about 80 years ago, focusing on climate changes, permafrost degradation, and observed seismic hazards during a strong earthquake. The study site, that is, the Northway Airport, is located in a discontinuous permafrost area in Interior Alaska. Geotechnical data from 1973, 1991, and 2005 were compiled and analyzed to reveal permafrost degradation at various surface conditions, and are compared with the well-known degradation data from a site in Fairbanks. Furthermore, the responses of the airport runway during the 2002 Denali earthquake (Mw = 7.9), including liquefaction and lateral spreading displacements, are described and analyzed. And the seismic hazards of civilian airports built on permafrost across Alaska are surveyed. Distinct trends are revealed in two periods, namely, from 1943 to 1975 and from 1976 to 2021, for air temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Permafrost tables were observed to drop with time at various rates for different surface conditions. Liquefaction and lateral spreading were observed extensively during the earthquake. The locations of observed liquefaction at the airport are mapped, and the lateral spreading displacements are estimated based on available photos. The standard penetration test data collected during geotechnical investigations are analyzed, and a liquefiable layer is identified at the talik between the active layer and the permafrost table. Moreover, 55% of Alaska's civilian airports are in permafrost areas. Among them, two-thirds fall within seismic zones with a risk level of 3 or above. This study demonstrates the high seismic risks of degraded permafrost and its potential impact on the built infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases in children and adolescents worldwide, and scleral remodeling plays a role in myopia progression. However, the identity of the initiating factors and signaling pathways that induce myopia-associated scleral remodeling is still unclear. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of scleral remodeling to elucidate the pathogenesis of myopia. Methods: The gene expression omnibus (GEO) and comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) mining were used to identify the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to scleral remodeling in myopia. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence, H&E staining, Masson staining, and flow cytometry were used to detect the changes in the FOXO signaling pathway, fibrosis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and other related factors in scleral remodeling. Results: miR-15b-5p/miR-379-3p can regulate the FOXO signaling pathway. Confirmatory studies confirmed that the axial length of the eye was significantly increased, the scleral thickness was thinner, the levels of miR-15b-5p, miR-379-3p, PTEN, p-PTEN, FOXO3a, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) were increased, and the levels of IGF1R were decreased in Len-induced myopia (LIM) group. CDK2, cyclin D1 (CCND1), and cell cycle block assessed by flow cytometry indicated G1/S cell cycle arrest in myopic sclera. The increase in BAX level and the decrease in BCL-2 level indicated enhanced apoptosis of the myopic sclera. In addition, we found that the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagen type 1 (COL-1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were decreased, suggesting scleral remodeling occurred in myopia. Conclusions: miR-15b-5p/miR-379-3p can regulate the scleral cell cycle and apoptosis through the IGF1R/PTEN/FOXO signaling pathway, thereby promoting scleral remodeling in myopia progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, attributing to the abundant reserves, low cost, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity of Al. However, the cathode materials reported thus far still face challenges such as limited capacity, sluggish kinetics, and undesirable cycle life. Herein, we propose an organic cathode benzo[i] benzo[6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐a] benzo [6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐c] phenazine‐5,8,13,16,21,24‐hexaone (BQQPH) for RABs. The six C=O and six C=N redox active sites in each molecule enable BQQPH to deliver a record ultra‐high capacity of 413 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Encouragingly, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network and π–π stacking interactions endow BQQPH with robust structural stability and minimal solubility, enabling an ultra‐long lifetime of 100,000 cycles. Moreover, the electron‐withdrawing carbonyl group induces a reduction in the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and expands the π‐conjugated system, which considerably enhances both the discharge voltage and redox kinetics of BQQPH. In situ and ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations unveil that the charge storage mechanism is reversible coordination/dissociation of AlCl2+ with the N and O sites in BQQPH accompanied by 12‐electron transfer. This work provides valuable insights into the design of high‐performance organic cathode materials for RABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, attributing to the abundant reserves, low cost, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity of Al. However, the cathode materials reported thus far still face challenges such as limited capacity, sluggish kinetics, and undesirable cycle life. Herein, we propose an organic cathode benzo[i] benzo[6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐a] benzo [6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐c] phenazine‐5,8,13,16,21,24‐hexaone (BQQPH) for RABs. The six C=O and six C=N redox active sites in each molecule enable BQQPH to deliver a record ultra‐high capacity of 413 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Encouragingly, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network and π–π stacking interactions endow BQQPH with robust structural stability and minimal solubility, enabling an ultra‐long lifetime of 100,000 cycles. Moreover, the electron‐withdrawing carbonyl group induces a reduction in the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and expands the π‐conjugated system, which considerably enhances both the discharge voltage and redox kinetics of BQQPH. In situ and ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations unveil that the charge storage mechanism is reversible coordination/dissociation of AlCl2+ with the N and O sites in BQQPH accompanied by 12‐electron transfer. This work provides valuable insights into the design of high‐performance organic cathode materials for RABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered significant attention within the realm of rechargeable batteries owing to their distinctive advantages, which encompass diverse structural attributes, customizable compositions, entropy‐driven stabilization effects, and remarkable superionic conductivity. Despite the brilliance of HEOs in energy conversion and storage applications, there is still lacking a comprehensive review for both entry‐level and experienced researchers, which succinctly encapsulates the present status and the challenges inherent to HEOs, spanning structural features, intrinsic properties, prevalent synthetic methodologies, and diversified applications in rechargeable batteries. Within this review, the endeavor is to distill the structural characteristics, ionic conductivity, and entropy stabilization effects, explore the practical applications of HEOs in the realm of rechargeable batteries (lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, and lithium‐sulfur batteries), including anode and cathode materials, electrolytes, and electrocatalysts. The review seeks to furnish an overview of the evolving landscape of HEOs‐based cell component materials, shedding light on the progress made and the hurdles encountered, as well as serving as the guidance for HEOs compositions design and optimization strategy to enhance the reversible structural stability, electrical properties, and electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries in the realm of energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As modern humans ventured out of Africa and dispersed around the world, they faced novel environmental challenges that led to geographic adaptations including skin colour. Over the long history of human evolution, skin colour has changed dramatically, showing tremendous diversity across different geographical regions, for example, the majority of individuals from the expansive lands of Africa have darker skin, whereas the majority of people from Eurasia exhibit lighter skin. What adaptations did lighter skin confer upon modern humans as they migrated from Africa to Eurasia? What genetic mechanisms underlie the diversity of skin colour observed in different populations? In recent years, scientists have gradually gained a deeper understanding of the interactions between pigmentation gene and skin colour through population‐based genomic studies of different groups around the world, particularly in East Asia and Africa. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of 26 skin colour‐related pigmentation genes and 48 SNPs that influence skin colour. Important pigmentation genes across three major populations are described in detail: MFSD12, SLC24A5, PDPK1 and DDB1/CYB561A3/TMEM138 influence skin colour in African populations; OCA2, KITLG, SLC24A2, GNPAT and PAH are key to the evolution of skin pigmentation in East Asian populations; and SLC24A5, SLC45A2, TYR, TYRP1, ASIP, MC1R and IRF4 significantly contribute to the lightening of skin colour in European populations. We summarized recent findings in genomic studies of skin colour in populations that implicate diverse geographic environments, local adaptation among populations, gene flow and multi‐gene interactions as factors influencing skin colour diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly porous light absorbers are fabricated based on polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated carbon nanotube (CNT). Carbon nanotube sponge (CNTS) or carbon nanotube array (CNTA) with three‐dimensional (3D) network structure is the framework of porous light absorbers. Both PPy@CNTS and PPy@CNTA composites exhibit excellent light absorption of the full solar spectrum. The CNTS and CNTA with porous structures have extremely large effective surface area for light absorption and for water evaporation that has great practical benefit to the solar‐driven vapor generation. The PPy layer on CNT sidewalls significantly improves the hydrophilicity of porous CNTS and CNTA. The good wettability of water on CNT sidewalls makes water transport in porous CNT materials highly efficient. The PPy@CNTS and PPy@CNTA light absorbers achieve high water evaporation rates of 3.35 and 3.41 kg m−2 h−1, respectively, under 1‐sun radiation. The orientation of nano channels in CNTA‐based light absorbers also plays an important role in the solar‐driven vapor generation. The water transport and vapor escape are more efficient in CNTA‐based light absorbers as compared to the CNTS‐based light absorbers due to the relatively short path for the water transport and the vapor escape in CNTA‐based light absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myopia is one of the eye diseases that can damage the vision of young people. This study aimed to explore the protective role of miR-92b-3p against DNA damage and apoptosis in retinal tissues of negative lens-induced myopic (LIM) guinea pigs by targeting BTG2. Methods: Biometric measurements of ocular parameters, flash electroretinogram (FERG), and retinal thickness (RT) were performed after miR-92b-3p intravitreal injection in LIM guinea pigs. The apoptotic rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, and the change in mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining. Retinal apoptosis and expression of p53, BTG2, and CDK2 were explored by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick labeling (TUNEL) and immunofluorescence staining assays, respectively. BTG2 and its upstream and downstream molecules at gene and protein levels in retinal tissues were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. Results: Compared with normal controls (NC), the ocular axial length of LIM guinea pig significantly increased, whereas refraction decreased. Meanwhile, dMax-a and -b wave amplitudes of ERG declined, retinal thickness was decreased, the number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic rate in LIM eyes was exaggerated, and the mitochondrial membrane potential significantly decreased. In addition, results of qPCR and Western blot assays showed that the expression levels of p53, BTG2, CDK2, and BAX in LIM guinea pigs were higher than the levels of the NC group, whereas the BCL-2 expression level was decreased. By contrast, the miR-92b-3p intravitreal injection in LIM guinea pigs could significantly inhibit axial elongation, alleviate DNA damage and apoptosis, and thus protect guinea pigs against myopia. Conclusion: In conclusion, p53 and BTG2 were activated in the retinal tissue of myopic guinea pigs, and the activated BTG2 could elevate the expression of CDK2 and BAX, and attenuate the expression of BCL-2, which in turn promote apoptosis and eventually lead to retinal thinning and impaired visual function in myopic guinea pigs. The miR-92b-3p intravitreal injection can attenuate the elongation of ocular length and retinal thickness, and inhibit the CDK2, BAX, and p53 expression by targeting BTG2, thereby ameliorating DNA damage and apoptosis in LIM guinea pigs and protecting ocular tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) represents a promising biotechnology for both methane energy production and waste stream treatment. However, numerous critical microorganisms and their metabolic characteristics involved in this process remain unidentified due to the limitations of culturable isolates. This study investigated the phylogenetic composition and potential metabolic traits of bacteria and methanogenic archaea in a TAD system using culture-independent metagenomics. Predominant microorganisms identified in the stable phase of TAD included hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter and Methanosarcina) and hydrogen-producing bacteria (Coprothermobacter, Acetomicrobium, and Defluviitoga). Nine major metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) associated with the dominant genera were selected to infer their metabolic potentials. Genes related to thermal resistance were widely found in all nine major MAGs, such as the molecular chaperone genes, Clp protease gene, and RNA polymerase genes, which may contribute to their predominance under thermophilic condition. Thermophilic temperatures may increase the hydrogen partial pressure of Coprothermobacter, Acetomicrobium, and Defluviitoga, subsequently altering the primary methanogenesis pathway from acetoclastic pathway to hydrogenotrophic pathway in the TAD. Consequently, genes encoding the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway were the most abundant in the recovered archaeal MAGs. The potential interaction between hydrogen-producing bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens may play critical roles in TAD processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the sixth generation (6G) era, intelligent machine network (IMN) applications, such as intelligent transportation, require collaborative machines with communication, sensing, and computation (CSC) capabilities. This article proposes an integrated communication, sensing, and computation (ICSAC) framework for 6G to achieve the reciprocity among CSC functions to enhance the reliability and latency of communication, accuracy and timeliness of sensing information acquisition, and privacy and security of computing to realize the IMN applications. Specifically, the sensing and communication functions can merge into unified platforms using the same transmit signals, and the acquired real-time sensing information can be exploited as prior information for intelligent algorithms to enhance the performance of communication networks. This is called the computing-empowered integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) reciprocity. Such reciprocity can further improve the performance of distributed computation with the assistance of networked sensing capability, which is named the sensing-empowered integrated communications and computation (ICAC) reciprocity. The above ISAC and ICAC reciprocities can enhance each other iteratively and finally lead to the ICSAC reciprocity. To achieve these reciprocities, we explore the potential enabling technologies for the ICSAC framework. Finally, we present the evaluation results of crucial enabling technologies to show the feasibility of the ICSAC framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of joint transmission and computation resource allocation for a multi-user probabilistic semantic communication (PSC) network is investigated. In the considered model, users employ semantic information extraction techniques to compress their large-sized data before transmitting them to a multi-antenna base station (BS). Our model represents large-sized data through substantial knowledge graphs, utilizing shared probability graphs between the users and the BS for efficient semantic compression. The resource allocation problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the sum of the equivalent rate of all users, considering the total power budget and semantic resource limit constraints. The computation load considered in the PSC network is formulated as a non-smooth piecewise function with respect to the semantic compression ratio. To tackle this non-convex non-smooth optimization challenge, a three-stage algorithm is proposed, where the solutions for the received beamforming matrix of the BS, the transmit power of each user, and the semantic compression ratio of each user are obtained stage by stage. The numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altitude plays a crucial role in shaping the diversity and distribution of species in forest landscapes in mountainous regions. However, existing studies often lack comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationships among environmental factors, disturbances, and species diversity. This study aims to address this gap by thoroughly analyzing major species' diversity, distribution, and regeneration status, along with their influencing factors, across different altitudinal gradients (1850 to 2350 m). Field surveys were conducted to examine the major species in different vegetation layers of the secondary Picea forest in Guandi Mountain. The key findings from the study include the following: (1) the study area recorded a total of nine species of adult trees, belonging to eight genera in five families, fourteen species of shrubs from eight genera in five families, and fifty-two herb species representing forty-eight genera in twenty-six families. Dominant species varied across layers, with Picea asperata Mast. and Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. dominating the arborous layer, Lonicera ferdinandii Franch. and Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. in the shrub layer, and Poa pratensis L. and Duchesnea indica (Andrews.) Focke in the herb layer. (2) Altitude significantly influenced species diversity, with the most pronounced effects observed in the shrub and herb layers. (3) Tree species regeneration varied with altitude, with Picea asperata exhibiting the highest regeneration performance, particularly in the high-altitude zone (2250–2350 m). Regeneration parameters were significantly correlated with species diversity indices in both tree and shrub layers. (4) Redundancy analysis revealed that, apart from altitude, cutting (p = 0.015) influenced the species diversity of the tree layer, while annual precipitation (p = 0.006) and temperature (p = 0.01) determined the diversity of the shrub layer. Grazing (p = 0.042) was identified as a determining factor for species diversity in the herb layer. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the sustainable management of forest ecosystems in the study area and offer practical guidance for forest management in similar mountainous landscapes worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement of modern communication technologies necessitates the development of generalized multi-access frameworks and the continuous implementation of rate splitting, augmented with semantic awareness. This trend, coupled with the mounting pressure on wireless services, underscores the need for intelligent approaches to radio signal propagation. In response to these challenges, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) have garnered significant attention for their ability to control data transmission systems in a goal-oriented and dynamic manner. This innovation is largely attributed to equitable resource allocation and the dynamic enhancement of network performance. However, the integration of rate-splitting multi-access (RSMA) architecture with semantic considerations imposes stringent requirements on IRS platforms to ensure seamless connectivity and broad coverage for a diverse user base without interference. Semantic communications hinge on a knowledge base-a centralized repository of integrated information related to the transmitted data-which becomes critically important in multi-antenna scenarios. This article proposes a novel set of design strategies for RSMA-IRS systems, enabled by reconfigurable intelligent surface synergizing with semantic communication principles. An experimental analysis is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of these design guidelines in the context of Beyond 5G/6G communication systems. The RSMA-IRS model, infused with semantic communication, offers a promising solution for future wireless networks. Performance evaluations of the proposed approach reveal that, despite an increase in the number of users, the delay in the RSMA-IRS framework incorporating semantics is 2.94% less than that of a RSMA-IRS system without semantic integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate assessments of the historical and current status of eco-environmental quality (EEQ) are essential for governments to have a comprehensive understanding of regional ecological conditions, formulate scientific policies, and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While various approaches to EEQ monitoring exist, they each have limitations and cannot be used universally. Moreover, previous studies lack detailed examinations of EEQ dynamics and its driving factors at national and local levels. Therefore, this study utilized a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) to assess the EEQ of China from 2001 to 2021. Additionally, an emerging hot-spot analysis was conducted to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of the EEQ of China. The degree of influence of eight major drivers affecting EEQ was evaluated by a GeoDetector model. The results show that from 2001 to 2021, the mean RSEI values in China showed a fluctuating upward trend; the EEQ varied significantly in different regions of China, with a lower EEQ in the north and west and a higher EEQ in the northeast, east, and south in general. The spatio-temporal patterns of hot/cold spots in China were dominated by intensifying hot spots, persistent cold spots, and diminishing cold spots, with an area coverage of over 90%. The hot spots were concentrated to the east of the Hu Huanyong Line, while the cold spots were concentrated to its west. The oscillating hot/cold spots were located in the ecologically fragile agro-pastoral zone, next to the upper part of the Hu Huanyong Line. Natural forces have become the main driving force for changes in China's EEQ, and precipitation and soil sand content were key variables affecting the EEQ. The interaction between these factors had a greater impact on the EEQ than individual factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of drought indicates that there is no rainfall or little rainfall within a certain period. Nevertheless, no or little rainfall within a certain time implies that drought may not happen. The drought occurrence in different regions or seasons shows a certain lag to some extent. The lag time and intensity (i.e., the contribution rate of rainfall in previous period to runoff in current period) are deeply affected by watershed water storage capacity. Subsequently, rainfall deficit is a necessary and insufficient for the droughts. To reveal the mechanism of watershed lagged effects and the impact of human activities on droughts, the characteristics of lagged effects and human activities in Central Guizhou of China are analyzed by the Lagged index and Landscape index based on land use data, rainfall and runoff data during the period 1971–2016. The results demonstrate that the impact of the same land use type in different ages (1970s–2010s) on watershed lagged intensity has a significant difference (P < 0.001). Especially for the influence of the woodland and grassland on lagged intensity is increasing with the increase of time scales and the impact difference gradually decreases in cultivated land, water body and construction land. The impact (R-value) of land use type transfer on watershed lagged effect is particularly significant (p < 0.001), and the influence (R-value) of land use type transfer on lagged frequency is shown with a W-shaped pattern in cultivated land and grassland with the ages changing, a single peak character in woodland and a peak valley alternation in water body. The impact of principal component factors (Zs) of land use morphological characteristics on watershed lagged effect has a particularly significant difference (p < 0.001) in different lag periods (Xt−0–Xt−3), different ages (1970s–2010s) and different time scales (1–12 months). Among them, the impact (F-value) of the Zs in the Xt−0–Xt−3 on lagged intensity/frequency is the largest in grassland, followed by in water body and woodland, and the smallest in cultivated land and construction land. The F-value in the 1970s–2010s is larger in construction than in cultivated land and woodland, and it is the smaller in water body and grassland. The F-value in the 1–12 month scales is grassland > water body > cultivated land > construction land > woodland. As a subsequence, this study enriches the research content of landscape ecology, and it provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of agricultural and hydrological droughts in Karst drainage basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of individual tree mortality is essential for informed decision making in forestry. In this study, we proposed machine learning models to forecast individual tree mortality within the temperate Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forests in Northern China. Eight distinct machine learning techniques including random forest, logistic regression, artificial neural network, generalized additive model, support vector machine, gradient boosting machine, k-nearest neighbors, and naive Bayes models were employed, to construct an ensemble learning model based on comprehensive dataset from this specific ecosystem. The random forest model emerged as the most accurate, demonstrating 92.9% accuracy and 92.8% sensitivity, making it the best model among those tested. We identified key variables impacting tree mortality, and the results showed that a basal area larger than the target trees (BAL), a diameter at 130 cm (DBH), a basal area (BA), an elevation, a slope, NH4-N, soil moisture, crown density, and the soil's available phosphorus are important variables in the Larix Principis-rupprechtii individual mortality model. The variable importance calculation results showed that BAL is the most important variable with an importance value of 1.0 in a random forest individual tree mortality model. By analyzing the complex relationships of individual tree factors, stand factors, environmental, and soil factors, our model aids in decision making for temperate Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexible mobility feature of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) leads to frequent handovers and serious inter-cell interference problems in UAV-assisted cellular networks. Establishing a cell-free UAV (CF-UAV) network without cell boundaries effectively alleviates frequent handovers and interference problems and has been an important topic of 6G research. However, in existing CF-UAV networks, a large amount of backhaul data increases the computational pressure on the central processing unit (CPU), which also increases system delay. Meanwhile, the mobility of UAVs also leads to time-varying channel conditions. Therefore, designing dynamic resource allocation schemes with the help of edge computing can effectively alleviate this problem. Thus, aiming at partial network breakdown in an urban-micro (UMi) environment, an urban-micro CF-UAV (UMCF-UAV) network architecture is proposed in this paper. A delay minimization problem and a dynamic task offloading (DTO) strategy that jointly optimizes access point (AP) selection and task offloading is proposed to reduce system delay in this paper. Considering the coupling of various resources and the non-convex feature of the proposed problem, a dynamic resource cooperative allocation (DRCA) algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to flexibly deploy AP selection and task offloading of UAVs between the edge and locally is proposed to solve the problem. Simulation results show fast convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm compared with classical reinforcement learning. Decreased system delay is obtained by the proposed algorithm compared with other baseline resource allocation schemes, with the maximize improvement being 53%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single UAVs have limited capabilities for complex missions, so suitable solutions are needed to improve the mission success rate, as well as the UAVs' survivability. A cooperative multi-UAV formation offers great advantages in this regard; however, for large and complex systems, the traditional control methods will be invalid when faced with unstable and changing environments. To deal with the poor self-adaptability and high requirements for the environmental state information of traditional control methods for a multi-UAV cluster, this paper proposes a consistent round-up strategy based on PPO path optimization to track targets. In this strategy, the leader is trained using PPO for obstacle avoidance and target tracking, while the followers are expected to establish a communication network with the leader to obtain environmental information. In this way, the tracking control law can be designed, based on the consistency protocol and the Apollonian circle, to realize the round-up of the target and obstacle avoidance. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy can achieve the round-up of the target UAV and guide the pursuing multi-UAV group to avoid obstacles in the absence of the initial detection of the target. In multiple simulated scenarios, the success rates of the pursuit multi-UAV cluster for rounding up the target are maintained above 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide catalysts' performance depends on their crystal structure, including the surface arrangement and coordination of metal cations and oxygen anions on the exposed facets. Here, we fabricated Co3O4 nanocrystals (NCs) with predominantly exposed (110), (111), (112), and (114) facets in the shapes of nanorod (Co-R), hexagonal nanoplate (Co-H), nanolaminar (Co-L), and nanoparticle (Co-P), respectively. The Co3O4 NC with exposed (114) high-index facet exhibits the highest 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) electrocatalytic activity, while the Co3O4 NC with exposed (112) shows the lowest activity. Both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments reveal that the primary factor impacting the catalytic performance of Co3O4 NCs is the difference in HMF adsorption energy on various crystal facets. By doping Cr into Co3O4 (114), we tuned the adsorption energy of HMF to an optimal level, thereby achieving the best catalytic performance. Based on this, the adsorption behavior of other aldehyde–alcohol organic small molecules was also evaluated, and the linear relationship between adsorption strength and catalytic activity was confirmed. This work demonstrates that adjusting the exposed crystal facets of Co3O4 can alter the adsorption and catalytic capabilities of aldehyde–alcohol organic small molecules. It also provides explicit knowledge that could improve our understanding of facet-dependent reactions for other metal oxide catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the direct drive motion system, there are obvious feedback harmonics caused by the various disturbances, which have important influence on the thrust characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM). This paper presents the influence of the feedback harmonics on the detent force for the direct drive motion system. Firstly, the Maxwell's equation and the Schwarz–Christoffel (SC) mapping‐based method are used to accurately establish the magnetic field model in the air‐gap considering the slotting effect and end effect. Then, based on the control model of the motion system, the drive current caused by the feedback harmonics are calculated considering the non‐linearity of the drive circuit. The detent force of PMSLM is analytically represented and analyzed. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by the finite‐element method (FEM) and experiments. The results shown that the feedback harmonics will be coupled with the detent force and intensify the couplings among different sources of the thrust harmonics, which will lead to new coupled thrust harmonics, deteriorating the dynamic precision of the direct drive motion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double-atom catalysts (DACs) with superior characteristics, including extreme atomic utilization and high activity, have attracted scholars in the field of fundamental electrocatalytic reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Despite recent developments in computational power, designing a DAC with density functional theory (DFT) is still a challenging and time-consuming process for the large design space of DACs. In the present study, high-throughput DFT calculations and machine learning (ML) were combined to develop ML models and predict the activity of the HER () of ∼17 000 boron-doped graphene DAC systems with high accuracy. The origin of HER activity was also investigated through DFT and ML analysis. Based on the obtained results, it is found that the number of d electrons of transition metals plays a key role in the binding behavior of hydrogen on DACs, and boron doping on DACs can effectively regulate the electron distribution of DACs to modify the binding strength of adsorbates on DACs. Besides, the Gibbs free energy of CO absorption () and the binding energy of DACs (ΔEbinding) were predicted by our ML models with simple features to evaluate the CO2RR activity and stability of DACs. The present study offers theoretical insight into the electrocatalytic activity of DACs. Most importantly, by screening appropriate energies with ML, either DACs with high HER activity or DACs with high CO2RR activity and low competitive HER activity can be obtained, and the catalytic activity of DACs can be adjusted on purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brittle failures were observed in pile foundations during past earthquakes due to seasonally frozen ground. This paper introduces a new geosynthetic material derived from waste tires, i.e., polyurethane-bonded rubber particles and sand, termed PolyBRuS, for application around deep foundations to improve their seismic performance in cold regions. Cyclic triaxial tests were carried out at various temperatures, confining pressures, and freeze–thaw cycles to assess the cold-weather dynamic characteristics of PolyBRuS. The results show that the material behaves as a nonlinear viscoelastic material at an axial strain of less than 1%. Its dynamic elastic modulus rises after freezing and continues to increase as temperature drops, but it is much less sensitive to confining pressures and freeze–thaw cycles; its damping ratio rises significantly with increasing axial strains and decreasing subfreezing temperatures and declines moderately with increasing freeze–thaw cycles. Compared with natural soils, its dynamic elastic modulus is similar to those of unfrozen fine-grained soils and is much less sensitive to subfreezing temperatures; its damping ratio is comparable to that of fine-grained unfrozen soils and is substantially higher than frozen soils at subfreezing temperatures. These characteristics make this material an excellent candidate to replace local soil around deep foundations for vibration reduction and seismic hazard mitigation in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between urban energy supply and demand is becoming increasingly evident. One aspect that consumes a great deal of this energy is the allocation of urban water resources. This study proposes a new scheme for rationally allocating urban water resources considering the high levels of energy currently consumed in Jinan city of Shandong, China. The focus is on simultaneously minimizing energy consumption and water shortage rates and granting priority to public water supplies in line with the predicted water supply levels for all available sources. Based on this assessment, further adjustments were made in terms of system configuration and the analysis of energy consumption. The results of the general water resource allocation model not only show that Jinan's total water supply in 2030 will increase by 33.7% from 2019 but that energy consumption will also increase by 58.5%. If energy consumption is constrained and water supplies are restricted for high-energy-consumption activities, the results of the water resource allocation model considering energy consumption show that energy consumption will increase only by 44.2%. And the results also show that local groundwater is less energy intensive than imported surface water, which suggests that groundwater should be preferred (at least for energy reasons). Through modeling to reduce the total energy consumption in water resource allocation, this paper can provide a reference for energy saving for urban water supply systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A non-corrosive and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte is developed. The electrolyte is composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea. The unique solvation structure enables reversible deposition/stripping of Al. The Al-ion battery in this electrolyte shows good charge/discharge performance. Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve, light weight, low cost, and good safety of Al. However, the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl3-based ionic liquid electrolytes, which are expensive, corrosive, and sensitive to humidity. Here, we develop a low-cost, non-corrosive, and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea (MU) ligand. Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure, the formed Al(ClO4)3·9H2O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte (AMHEE) with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al. When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode, the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention. The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al3+ insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes, which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost, safe, environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies often utilized metal catalysts in the preparation of photoelectrodes. However, this research marks the first instance of utilizing biochar as a catalyst in such a preparation. The biochar catalytic layer was synthesized by loading sewage sludge-derived biochar onto nickel foam using the sol–gel method. The performance of the photoelectrode was evaluated using tetracycline (TC) as a probe. The photoelectrode BCPE-800, prepared using biochar derived at 800 °C, achieved 98.52% TC degradation within 60 min, with a reaction rate constant of 0.0635 min−1. It also exhibited excellent stability and recyclability, maintaining 90% removal efficiency after six cycles. Quenching experiments and EPR spectroscopy showed that h+ acted as the primary active species, while ˙OH and 1O2 also contributed to the TC degradation. Based on the intermediates identified by LC-MS, the study proposed two degradation pathways. The research effectively recycled sewage sludge and offered cost-effective possibilities for photoelectrocatalytic technology, highlighting its practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly‐active and low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution are essential in rechargeable metal‐air batteries, and single atom catalysts with Fe−N−C are promising candidates. However, the activity still needs to be boosted, and the origination of spin‐related oxygen catalytic performance is still uncertain. Herein, an effective strategy to regulate local spin state of Fe−N−C through manipulating crystal field and magnetic field is proposed. The spin state of atomic Fe can be regulated from low spin to intermediate spin and to high spin. The cavitation of dxz and dyz orbitals of high spin FeIII can optimize the O2 adsorption and promote the rate‐determining step (*O2 to *OOH). Benefiting from these merits, the high spin Fe−N−C electrocatalyst displays the highest oxygen electrocatalytic activities. Furthermore, the high spin Fe−N−C‐based rechargeable zinc‐air battery displays a high power density of 170 mW cm−2 and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly‐active and low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution are essential in rechargeable metal‐air batteries, and single atom catalysts with Fe−N−C are promising candidates. However, the activity still needs to be boosted, and the origination of spin‐related oxygen catalytic performance is still uncertain. Herein, an effective strategy to regulate local spin state of Fe−N−C through manipulating crystal field and magnetic field is proposed. The spin state of atomic Fe can be regulated from low spin to intermediate spin and to high spin. The cavitation of dxz and dyz orbitals of high spin FeIII can optimize the O2 adsorption and promote the rate‐determining step (*O2 to *OOH). Benefiting from these merits, the high spin Fe−N−C electrocatalyst displays the highest oxygen electrocatalytic activities. Furthermore, the high spin Fe−N−C‐based rechargeable zinc‐air battery displays a high power density of 170 mW cm−2 and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolution of lignocellulose is of significant importance for its utilization and transformation. However, it remains a great challenge to efficiently and rapidly dissolve lignocellulose under mild conditions owing to the significant lack of efficient solvents for lignocellulose dissolution. Herein, robust solvent systems were designed by a combination of ionic liquids (ILs), ethanolamine (EA), and organic superbases for the dissolution of lignocellulose. It was observed that the prepared solvents (denoted as the IL/EA-superbase) could efficiently dissolve lignocellulose at mild temperatures (below 100 °C). In particular, the EmimOAc/EA-DBN system showed the best performance, and the solubility values of Populus tomentosa, sugarcane bagasse and Miscanthus giganteus at 90 °C could reach up to 3.8%, 9.5% and 20% (g per 100 g solvent), respectively. It was revealed that EA-superbase effectively participated in the interaction between ILs and lignocellulose, thus promoting the dissolution process. A systematic study revealed that the good performance of the developed solvents toward lignocellulose dissolution resulted from the synergistic effect of the three constructed components to make the solvent have a suitable capacity for the formation of hydrogen-bonding and an appropriate microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) has been empowering all aspects of the wireless communication system design, among which, the reinforcement learning (RL)-based approaches have attracted a lot of research attention since they can interact with the environment directly and learn from the collected experiences efficiently. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient RL-based multi-beam combining scheme for future millimeter-wave (mmWave) three-dimensional (3D) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems. The proposed scheme does not require perfect channel state information (CSI) or precise user location information which both are generally difficult to obtain in practice, and well addresses the crucial challenge of computational complexity incurred by the extremely huge state and action spaces associated with multiple users, multiple paths, and multiple 3D beams. In particular, a self-attention deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based beam selection and combination framework is proposed to learn the 3D beamforming pattern without CSI adaptively. We aim to maximize the sum-rate of the mmWave 3D-MIMO system by optimizing the serving beam set and the corresponding combining weights for each user. To this end, the transformer is incorporated into the DDPG to obtain the global information of the input elements and capture the signal directions precisely, which leads to a near-optimal beamformer design. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed self-attention DDPG over conventional ML-based beamforming schemes in terms of sum-rate under various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unbalanced magnetic thrust caused by the mover eccentricity for the linear motor drive motion system is analytically represented. Firstly, the relative complex magnetic permeability function is introduced to represent the effects of the mechanical installation errors and vibrations on the mover eccentricity. Then, the distortion of the magnetic field caused by the mover eccentricity is represented based on the Maxwell equation. The spectrum characteristics of the unbalanced magnetic thrust force is analytically calculated taking into account the harmonics in the drive circuit. Finally, the validity of the theoretically analysis is verified by the experiments. The results show that the static eccentricity caused by the mechanical installation error will produce the unbalanced magnetic thrust, affecting the thrust characteristics of the linear motor. In particular, the dynamic mover eccentricity caused by the mechanical vibration will produce paired unbalanced magnetic thrust harmonics on both sides of the original thrust harmonics, deteriorating the dynamic precision and efficiency of the direct drive motion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremors are a symptom of several disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Exoskeletons have been investigated as noninvasive tremor suppression alternatives to medication and surgery. The challenge in musculoskeletal tremor suppression is attenuation of tremor motion without impeding the patient's voluntary motion. Linear low-pass filters (LPFs) are commonly used for tremor removal. This study presents an alternative method based on an adaptive filter. We compare the effectiveness of the LPFs and adaptive filter on the recorded acceleration signals from an online database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incompatibility of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) with acidic ionic liquid electrolytes and the use of toxic and high‐cost N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvents hinder the wide application of aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). In this work, sodium alginate (Na−Alg) is developed as an aqueous binder for the fabrication of graphite positive electrodes in AIBs. The compatibility of various binders with the ionic liquid electrolyte is evaluated, and interaction between various binders and graphite particles before and after cycling is compared and discussed. The results demonstrate that the well compatibility of Na−Alg in ionic liquids and its reasonable distribution on the graphite surface facilitate fast charge transfer and ion diffusion, reduce electrode polarization, and thus contributing to significantly improved cycling stability and rate capability of AIBs. This work provides a new insight into the development of low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and high‐performance binders for AIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visible-light-driven transformation of biomass to high-valued chemicals is attractive for achieving a low-carbon environment. The solar-catalyzed oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) has great industrial potential because DFF is a pivotal precursor in industries. Here, we present a one-step deep eutectic solvothermal technique for the production of NiS2/CdS nanospheres. Because NiS2 can act as a cocatalyst enhancing the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers, the prepared NiS2/CdS exhibits efficient visible-light-driven dehydrogenation of HMF to H2 and DFF. DFF and H2 can be produced at rates of up to 519.64 and 476.60 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, which are about 10.03 and 9.81 times higher than those of bare CdS under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the photocatalytic process was carried out at ambient temperature and pressure in water without using a sacrificial agent. Both h+ and e− are involved in the process of photocatalytic reaction, and the valence band position of the NiS2/CdS photocatalyst is essential for the high DFF selectivity (95.2%). This work paves a sustainable way to realize the photocatalytic valorization of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We fabricate MXene-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid aerogels with vertically aligned channel structures, where the framework of three-dimensional (3D) structures consists of MXene, and rGO nanosheets are attached to the MXene framework. MXene–rGO hybrid aerogels exhibit extremely high light absorption and excellent hydrophilicity, which facilitate vapor generation by harvesting solar energy. Moreover, vertically aligned channel structures dramatically enhance the water transport inside porous light absorbers and substantially reduce the light reflection loss and the heat loss due to multiple internal reflections. Meanwhile, the functional polar groups in the aerogels alter the states of water molecules because the water molecules have strong interactions with the functional polar groups. The coexistence of multiple water states (bound water, intermediate water, and free water) gives rise to the reduction of the vaporization enthalpy and fast water evaporation. The MXene–rGO hybrid aerogels achieve a water evaporation rate of 2.84 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun irradiation. The energy transfer efficiency is 96%. We also use the MXene–rGO hybrid aerogels to desalinate the seawater, and desalinated seawater meets the requirements for drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are excellent catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of their tunable properties, including chemical composition and structural morphology. An interplay between these adjustable properties and other (including external) factors might not always benefit the OER catalytic activity of LDHs. Therefore, we applied machine learning algorithms to simulate the double-layer capacitance to understand how to design/tune LDHs with targeted catalytic properties. The key factors of solving this task were identified using the Shapley Additive explanation and cerium was identified as an effective element to modify the double-layer capacitance. We also compared different modelling methods to identify the most promising one and the results revealed that binary representation is better than directly applying atom numbers as inputs for chemical compositions. Overpotentials of LDH-based materials as predicted targets were also carefully examined and evaluated, and it turns out that overpotentials can be predicted when measurement conditions about overpotentials are added as features. Finally, to confirm our findings, we reviewed additional experimental literature data and used them to test our machine algorithms to predict LDH properties. This analysis confirmed the very credible and robust generalization ability of our final model capable of achieving accurate results even with a relatively small dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage due to the abundant reserves, low cost, good safety, and high theoretical capacity of Al. However, AIBs with inorganic positive electrodes still suffer from sluggish kinetics and structural collapse upon cycling. Herein, we propose a novel p‐type poly(vinylbenzyl‐N‐phenoxazine) (PVBPX) positive electrode for AIBs. The dual active sites enable PVBPX to deliver a high capacity of 133 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. More impressively, the expanded π‐conjugated construction, insolubility, and anionic redox chemistry without bond rearrangement of PVBPX for AIBs contribute to an amazing ultra‐long lifetime of 50000 cycles. The charge storage mechanism is that the AlCl4− ions can reversibly coordinate/dissociate with the N and O sites in PVBPX sequentially, which is evidenced by both experimental and theoretical results. These findings establish a foundation to advance organic AIBs for large‐scale energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]