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Background: Treatment responses to biologic agents vary between patients with moderate to severe psoriasis; while some patients achieve total skin clearance (TSC), a proportion of patients may only experience partial improvement. Objective: This study was designed to identify potential predictors for achieving TSC in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors. It also aimed to develop an easy-to-use calculator incorporating these factors by the nomogram to predict TSC response. Methods: A total of 381 patients with psoriasis receiving ixekizumab were included in the development cohort and 229 psoriasis patients who initiated secukinumab treatment were included in the validation cohort. The study endpoint was achieving TSC after 12 weeks of IL-17 inhibitors treatment, defined as the 100% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 100). Multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO analysis were performed to identify clinical predictors and blood predictors respectively. Results: The following parameters were identified as predictive factors associated with TSC: previous biologic treatment, joint involvement, genital area affected, early response (PASI 60 at week 4), neutrophil counts and uric acid levels. The nomogram model incorporating these factors achieved good discrimination in the development cohort (AUC, 0.721; 95% CI 0.670–0.773) and validation cohort (AUC, 0.715; 95% CI 0.665–0.760). The calibration curves exhibited a satisfactory fit, indicating the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram, highlighting its favorable value for practical application. Web-based online calculator has been developed to enhance the efficiency of clinical applications. Conclusions: This study developed a practical and clinically applicable nomogram model for the prediction of TSC in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. The nomogram model demonstrated robust predictive performance and exhibited significant clinical utility. Trial registration A multi-center clinical study of systemic treatment strategies for psoriasis in Chinese population;ChiCTR2000036186; Registered 31 August 2020; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=58256. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear cultural heritage—a heritage system spanning time and space—is a large-scale cultural settlement that accommodates various heritage types. Here, we comprehensively explored the Straight Road (Zhidao) of the Qin Dynasty in Shaanxi Province, China, as a gene of traditional cultural connotations and geographical features, and provided holistic conservation strategies and effective utilization paths. From an ecological security pattern perspective, 4399.89 km2 of ecological sources and 19 ecological nodes were identified based on the importance of four ecosystem services—carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation, habitat maintenance, and soil retention. Then, 45 ecological corridors with a total length of 2938.49 km were determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The intersections of ecological corridors were distinguished and the key areas of cultural landscape construction were extracted by taking into account the spatial distribution of existing relics as well as the spatial network relationship of prohibited-development areas and existing gray corridors (roads), blue corridors (rivers), and green ecological corridors (shade zones, green belts, recreational greenways). A plan was proposed to construct 98.45 km2 of new parks (country parks: 28.38 km2, forest parks: 70.07 km2) and 101.26 km of new landscape corridors (urban type: 32.08 km, countryside type: 26.49 km, ecological type: 42.69 km). Multilevel landscape complexes should be built to form a functional and networked ecological–cultural spatial structure system. Findings of this study could provide ecological ideas for promoting the reservation and active utilization of linear cultural-heritage corridors on a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two distinct diseases but often occur in the same patient. Their relationship remains poorly understood. Studies using Tg2576 AD animal model demonstrate bone deficits, which precede the brain phenotypes by several months, arguing for the independence of bone deficits on brain degeneration and raising a question if the bone deficits contribute to the AD development. To address this question, we investigated the effects of PTH1-34, a peptide of parathyroid hormone analog and a well-recognized effective anabolic therapy drug for patients with osteoporosis, on 5XFAD animal model. Methods: 5XFAD mice, an early onset β-amyloid (Aβ)-based AD mouse model, were treated with PTH1-34 intermittently [once daily injection of hPTH1–34 (50 μg/Kg), 5 days/week, starting at 2-month old (MO) for 2–3 month]. Wild type mice (C57BL/6) were used as control. The bone phenotypes were examined by microCT and evaluated by measuring serum bone formation and resorption markers. The AD relevant brain pathology (e.g., Aβ and glial activation) and behaviors were assessed by a combination of immunohistochemical staining analysis, western blots, and behavior tests. Additionally, systemic and brain inflammation were evaluated by serum cytokine array, real-time PCR (qPCR), and RNAscope. Results: A reduced trabecular, but not cortical, bone mass, accompanied with a decrease in bone formation and an increase in bone resorption, was detected in 5XFAD mice at age of 5/6-month old (MO). Upon PTH1-34 treatments, not only these bone deficits but also Aβ-associated brain pathologies, including Aβ and Aβ deposition levels, dystrophic neurites, glial cell activation, and brain inflammatory cytokines, were all diminished; and the cognitive function was improved. Further studies suggest that PTH1-34 acts on not only osteoblasts in the bone but also astrocytes in the brain, suppressing astrocyte senescence and expression of inflammatory cytokines in 5XFAD mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that PTH1-34 may act as a senolytic-like drug, reducing systemic and brain inflammation and improving cognitive function, and implicate PTH1-34's therapeutic potential for patients with not only osteoporosis but also AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professor Wang Ning is a visionary Chinese literary theorist and comparatist who has played a prominent role in both Chinese and international academic debates about the construction of world literature and global humanities. This article revisits his evolving theories on world literature, discusses his emphasis on the necessity of a tripartite translation strategy in the formation of a more democratic world literary system from a Chinese perspective, scrutinises his historical approach to understanding Chinese literature in relation to the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the importance of literary film adaptation after the world's turn to the visual. As a world-class literary theorist, Prof. Wang Ning has had a profound influence on Chinese humanities scholars who write in both Chinese and English, compelling us to ponder over how to practice his cosmopolitan spirit and join him in advancing China's scholarship in the age of globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a multi-agent system (MAS) with a directed weighted chain graph, this article studies the effect of adding reverse edges on its convergence rate. The introduction of weights leads to our research being more complex and challenging. Firstly, for the case of one reverse edge, there are two completely opposite conclusions about the effect of adding one reverse edge on the convergence rate under certain conditions, which is dependent on whether the end node of the reverse edge is the root node of the chain graph or not. Subsequently, we discuss the relative positions of two reverse edges in three cases and obtain the convergence rate of the whole network is determined by the ranges, the relative positions of these two reverse edges, and the sizes and distribution of weights in the directed weighted graph. Moreover, as the number of reverse edges increases, we overcome the complex relationships among multiple reverse edges and establish similar theories. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate our main theorems. Our results generalise the results from unweighted directed graph to a weighted directed graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate how different core and end-capping moieties affect the thin-film morphology and memory performance of star-shaped molecules, five molecules BPPT, TPPT, TPPA, t Bu-TPPT and t Bu-TPPA were synthesized, which consist of the same branched groups, but have different core units with different electronic effects, namely, 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine and triphenylamine. Among them, the devices based on TPPT, TPPA, t Bu-TPPT and t Bu-TPPA containing nitrogen heteroatoms show nonvolatile binary write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory behaviours. Notably, the t Bu-TPPA based devices display the highest ION/IOFF ratio (105) and the lowest threshold voltage (1.45 V). We propose that the resistive switching characteristic of these materials is due to the Al filament conduction mechanism induced by N atoms. These results suggest that introducing the N heteroatoms into molecules can not only adjust the intermolecular interactions and thin film morphology, but also help to the formation of metal filament, which thus changes the resistive memory behaviour. Due to its dependable and stable storing properties, the as-fabricated WORM device based on t Bu-TPPA was also applied to the operation of logic gates and information displays, showing significant potential for national security and patient confidentiality in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal allocation of educational resources has been a hot issue, and exploring the accessibility of educational facilities in poor mountainous areas helps to reasonably plan the layout of educational facilities and promote the balanced development of education. Taking the rocky desertification area in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou (YGGRD) as the study area, based on the POI data of educational facilities in the YGGRD in 2000, 2010 and 2019, this study explored the evolution of the accessibility of educational facilities in the YGGRD through raster accessibility. And the influencing factors were analyzed by the ordinary least square method (OLS) and geographically weighted regression model (GWR), and evaluated the model through cross validation. The results show that the overall accessibility of educational facilities improved significantly from 2000 to 2019. Educational facilities mainly have good accessibility and average accessibility. Poor accessibility areas are concentrated in the interprovincial border regions, and the boundary effect is significant. County accessibility, population density and rural per capita disposable income have a great impact on the accessibility of educational facilities in the YGGRD. It is suggested to strengthen the construction of educational facilities in the interprovincial border regions, relocate and integrate villages, and improve the education quality of township schools to improve the supply of rural educational resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), a key component of the retromer, plays an essential role in selectively retrieval of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to trans-Golgi networks. Dysfunctional retromer is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglial VPS35 deficiency is found in AD patients' brain; however, it remains unclear if and how microglial VPS35-loss contributes to AD development.Methods: We used mice with VPS35 cKO (conditional knockout) in microglial cells in 5XFAD, an AD mouse model. The AD related brain pathology (Aβ and glial activation), behavior, and phagocytosis of Aβ were accessed by a combination of immunofluorescence staining analyses and neurological behavior tests.Results: A decrease in learning and memory function, but increases in insoluble, fibrillar, and plaques of β-amyloids (Aβ), dystrophic neurites, and reactive astrocytes are observed in microglial VPS35 deficient 5XFAD mice. Further examining microglial phenotype demonstrates necessity of microglial VPS35 in disease-associated microglia (DAM) development and microglial uptake of Aβ, revealing a tight association of microglial Aβ uptake with DAM development.Conclusions: Together, these results uncovered a mechanism by which microglial VPS35-deficiency precipitates AD pathology in 5XFAD mice likely by impairing DAM development and DAM mediated Aβ uptake and clearance, and thus accelerating the cognition decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy of virtual reality (VR)-based intervention for improving cognition in patients with the chronic stage of stroke is controversial. The aims of this meta-analysis were to evaluate the effect of VR-based training combined with traditional rehabilitation on cognition, motor function, mood, and activities of daily living (ADL) after chronic stroke. Methods: The search was performed in the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), EBSCO, EMBASE, Medline (OVID), Web of Science databases, PubMed, CINAHL Ovid, and Scopus from inception to May 31, 2021. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining VR-based intervention combined with traditional rehabilitation for chronic stroke. The main outcomes of this study were cognition, including overall cognition (combined with all cognitive measurement results), global cognition (measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA, and/or Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), and attention/execution. The additional outcomes were motor function, mood, and ADL. Subgroup analyses were conducted to verify the potential factors for heterogeneity. Results: Six RCTs including 209 participants were included for systematic review, and five studies of 177 participants were included in meta-analyses. Main outcome analyses showed large and significant effect size (ES) of VR-based training on overall cognition (g = 0.642; 95% CI = 0.134–1.149; and P = 0.013) and attention/execution (g = 0.695; 95% CI = 0.052–1.339; and P = 0.034). Non-significant result was found for VR-based intervention on global cognition (g = 0.553; 95% CI = −0.273–1.379; and P = 0.189). Additional outcome analyses showed no superiority of VR-based intervention over traditional rehabilitation on motor function and ADL. The ES of VR-based intervention on mood (g = 1.421; 95% CI = 0.448–2.393; and P = 0.004) was large and significant. In the subgroup analysis, large effects for higher daily intensity, higher weekly frequency, or greater dose of VR intervention were found. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that VR-based intervention combined with traditional rehabilitation showed better outcomes for overall cognition, attention/execution, and depressive mood in individuals with chronic stroke. However, VR-based training combined with traditional rehabilitation showed a non-significant effect for global cognition, motor function, and ADL in individuals with chronic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc, four major protopanaxadiol (PPD)‐type ginsenosides, can be metabolized by gut microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota varies in different species. Existing publications have reported the metabolite fates of ginsenosides by gut microbiota from single species. However, their microbiota‐related metabolic species differences have not been evaluated yet. In current study, in vitro anaerobic incubations of PPD‐type ginsenosides with gut microbiota from humans, rabbits and rats were conducted. The metabolites of each ginsenoside were then identified by LC–MS. A total of 15 metabolites from the four ginsenosides were identified. The major metabolic pathways were stepwise removals of the C‐20 and C‐3 sugar moieties to obtain aglycone PPD. The results showed that the hydrolysis rate of C‐20 terminal β‐D‐glucopyranosyl was significantly higher than those of α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl, β‐D‐xylopyranosyl and α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl in different species. The activity of β‐glucosidase, the metabolic rates of parent compounds and the formation rates of their metabolites were significantly higher in gut microbiota from rabbits than from humans and rats. Our research draws researchers' attention to the species differences of microbiota‐related drug metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential diagnostic value of miR‐214, B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N terminal‐pro BNP (NT‐proBNP) and soluble ST2 (sST2) in acute heart failure (AHF). Method: This study included 176 patients as the AHF group and 60 healthy subjects as the control group from February 2018 to February 2020. Patients in the AHF group were classified according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, including 60 level II patients, 59 level III patients and 57 level IV patients. The expression level of miR‐214, BNP, NT‐proBNP and sST2 of both groups were recorded and analysed. Results: The morbidity of cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher in the AHF group than in the control group (P <.05). The expression level of miR‐214, BNP, NT‐proBNP and sST2 in the AHF group were all significantly higher than in the control group (P <.05). Besides, the expression level of all the molecules in level IV was significantly higher than that of level III and level II, respectively (P <.001, P <.001). In addition, the expression level of all the molecules in level III was significantly higher than that of level II (P <.001). The area under the ROC curve of miR‐214, BNP, NT‐proBNP and sST2 were 0.913, 0.836, 0.849 and 0.855, respectively, indicating good diagnostic value. Conclusion: MiR‐214, BNP, NT‐proBNP and sST2 can be used as effective biomarkers for AHF, providing a new strategy for diagnosis and for judging the severity of AHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given an ST-triple (C , D , M) one can associate a co-t-structure on C and a t-structure on D . It is shown that the discreteness of C with respect to the co-t-structure is equivalent to the discreteness of D with respect to the t-structure. As a special case, the discreteness of D b (mod A) in the sense of Vossieck is equivalent to the discreteness of Kb(projA) in a dual sense, where A is a finite-dimensional algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and chemoselective synthesis of sulfoxides through the electrooxidation of sulfides has been well developed. This protocol takes advantage of electricity as the terminal oxidant and of molecular oxygen and water as the oxygen atom sources. A variety of structurally diverse sulfoxide compounds are assembled in moderate to excellent yields. The scaled‐up reactions at 6–20 mmol show the good practicability and application potential of this methodology. A possible free radical mechanism has been proposed to rationalize the reaction procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the problem of achieving node-to-node consensus (NNC) in two-layer multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) multi-agent systems (MASs) with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics and intermittent directed networks, where the cooperative goal is to make each follower to track a specified leader. By using the relative outputs, discontinuous observers are given to reconstruct the full states of followers and then feedback controllers are designed. Furthermore, some NNC criteria are given by investigating stability of the error system. To verify the obtained results, a simulation is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Braiding carriers, which are the important parts of a braiding machine, have the functions such as carrying braiding materials, controlling tension of carbon fiber, and driving carbon fiber movement. During the braiding process, two groups of carbon fibers braided in clockwise and counter clockwise direction contact each other and form relative motion, which causes friction and fuzzing. In order to improve this situation, the structural parameters of the carriers need to be optimized. In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics models were established based on the structure of braiding carriers. The micro-element method was used to analyze the relationship between the fiber length released from the yarn barrel, the rotation angle of the lever, and the tension of the carbon fiber. To limit the fluctuant range of carbon fiber tension, and to alleviate the fluffing phenomenon caused by the two groups of carbon fiber in contact with each other, antlion algorithm was used to optimize the structural parameters of braiding carriers. The simulation results showed that the tension of the carbon fiber can meet the processing requirements by adjusting the starting angle of each stage of carrier, the length of lever, the elastic coefficient of springs, and pre-compression of springs. It can be known that the structural parameters of braiding carriers optimized by antlion algorithm could meet the requirement of carbon fiber tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a class of disturbed networked Euler-Lagrangian systems is investigated to track a general virtual signal under a general directed communication network. Firstly, a class of fixed-time distributed observer is constructed to estimate the leader's state. Secondly, a local anti-disturbance tracking control based on the previous distributed observer is proposed for each follower to achieve the tracking consensus in a fixed time. A simulation example is finally conducted to verify the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we attempt to analyze the influence of different excitation factors on the dynamic behavior of a gear transmission system in a braiding machine. In order to observe nonlinear characteristics, a mathematical model is established with a six-degrees-of-freedom gear system for consideration of multiple excitation factors. Iterative results are used to study the nonlinear characteristics of the gear system with respect to contact temperature, varying levels of friction, and disturbance of yarn tension using bifurcation diagrams, maximum Lyapunov exponents, phase diagrams, Poincare maps, and the power spectrum. The numerical results show that excitation factors such as temperature and surface friction, among others, have considerable influence on the nonlinear characteristics of the gear system in a braiding machine, and the model is evaluated to show the key regions of sensitivity. The analysis of associated parameters can be helpful in the design and control of braiding machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic properties of La-modified four-layered perovskite BiLaFeCoTiO (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ceramics were investigated, by analyzing the magnetodielectric effect, magneto-polarization response and magnetoelectric conversion. X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of pure Aurivillius ceramics, and Raman spectroscopy revealed the Bi ions displacement and the crystal structure variation. The enhancement of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties was observed in BiLaFeCoTiO after La modification. The evidence for enhanced ME coupling was determined by magnetic field-induced marked variations in the dielectric constant and polarization. A maximum ME coefficient of 1.15 mV/cm·Oe was achieved in BiLaFeCoTiO ceramic, which provides the possible promise for novel magnetoelectric device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free magnetoelectric (ME) laminated (80Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-20Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)/(Ni0.8Zn0.2)Fe2O4 (BNKT/NZFO) composites are prepared via a modified cofiring processing, combining grain refinement and liquid phase sintering with low sintering aid content. The microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties are investigated by varying the thickness of NZFO layer. The results show that the coexistence of independent BNKT and NZFO phase and the presence of the morphotopic phase boundary in BNKT phase with high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 131 pC/N are confirmed. Laminated composites have clear and well-bonded interfaces across the two layers, as well as improved ME properties. The maximum ME voltage coefficient ( αE31) of the laminated composite reach 115.1 mV cm−1 Oe−1 with an optimized BNKT/NZFO layer thickness ratio of 1/2. In addition, a zero-biased ME response was observed in BNKT/NZFO laminated composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by a high hospitalization rate and a high mortality rate. It is particularly important to identify biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF.Purpose: To observe the correlation between galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin and the prognosis of patients with acute onset of CHF.Methods: The study included 92 patients with acute onset of CHF who received treatment at our hospital between August 2020 and December 2021. After treatment, the patients were divided into the effective group and the non-effective group based on the effectiveness of treatment. The levels of galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin before and after treatment were compared between the two groups and the correlation between prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF and galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin was observed.Results: The effective rate was 71.74% (66/92) and the ineffective rate was 28.26% (26/92) in the 92 patients with acute attack of CHF in the study. Before and after treatment, the levels of galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, and HS were lower in the effective group than those of the non-effective group while the level of ferritin was higher in the effective group than that of the non-effective group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the level of prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF was positively correlated with galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, and HS (r = 0.217, 0.109, 0.376, 0.765, P = 0.026, 0.032, 0.021, 0.006), and negatively correlated with ferritin (r = - 0.127, P = 0.037). The independent variables were galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin and the dependent variable was prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that alectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS, and ferritin were protective factors for the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. The independent variables were galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin, dependent variables and the dependent variable was prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that galectin-3, RDW, and Hepc were risk factors of the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF.Conclusion: Galectin-3, RDW, Hepc, HS and ferritin were closely related with the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF and galectin-3, RDW, and Hepc were risk factors of the prognosis of patients with acute attack of CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we considered the torsionless modules over cluster-titled algebras of type A. For this type of algebras we deduced some properties and characterizations of the torsionless modules. Moreover, it is nicely showed that M is an indecomposable torsionless module if and only if M is an indecomposable projective module or M = L( α), where α : x → y is a cyclic arrow and $P(y)\stackrel {P(\alpha )}\rightarrow P(x)\rightarrow L(\alpha )\rightarrow 0$. The Auslander-Reiten structure is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. Wei recently proposed a concept of *-modules which is another generalization of *-modules besides *-modules [J. Algebra, 2005, 291: 312-324]. In this paper, we consider the co-*-modules and give some characterizations and properties. It is found that the class of co-*-modules contains co-selfsmall injective cogenerators. The relations between co-*-modules and co-*-modules are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring. A right R-module U is called Tor-tilting if [image omitted], where U+ = Hom(U, /), Cogen(U+) is the class of left R-modules cogenerated by U+ and [image omitted] consists of modules RM such that [image omitted]. Some examples and characterizations of Tor-tilting modules are given. Among others, it is shown that UR is Tor-tilting if and only if U+ is cotilting. Moreover, both tilting modules and completely faithful flat modules are proved to be Tor-tilting. The torsion theory induced by a Tor-tilting module is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the particularity of a multiple-stage closed-loop gear transmission system for 3D circular braiding machine, the model of gear transmission system in radial braiding machine was simplified. The non-linear dynamic equations of a n-elements closed-loop gear transmission system with symmetrical structure including static transmission error, the random disturbance of meshing damping and backlash were considered. For convenience of calculation n = 3, the equations were solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta. The dynamic transmission error(DTE) with different backlash, dynamic meshing forces with and without the random disturbance of meshing damping, the amplitude of dynamic transmission error at n = 1000 r/min and b = 2.65 × 10−5 m, root mean square(RMS) of DTE and the mean value of DTE of the first pair of gears were analyzed. The simulation results show that different backlash and the random disturbance of meshing damping have a great influence on the dynamic displacement error and meshing force of the gear pair, and RMS and the mean value of DTE changes at different rotational speeds. The results will provide a reference for realizing the smoothness of the closed-loop gear transmission system with symmetrical structure for 3D braiding machine and have great practical significance for improving the braiding quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbs are a useful resource bank for natural drug development, and have attracted considerable attention to exploit quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). This study was designed to screen QSIs from raw Chinese herb materials. Of the 38 common herbs examined, the ethanol extract of Campsis grandiflora flower had the strongest QSI activity. The C. grandiflora flower ethanol extract (CFEE) was purified by HPD600, and the QSI activities were examined in further detail. CFEE inhibited violacein production of Chromobacterium violaceum 026 in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibit the swarming abilities of Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, CFEE could inhibited biofilm formation and destroyed mature biofilms of E. coli K-12 and P. aeruginosa PAO1. The composition of CFEE was determined by UPLC-MS/MS to distinguish active QSI compounds, and 21 compounds were identified. In addition to gallic acid and caffeic acid, two organic acids, malic acid and succinic acid, were confirmed for the first time to have autoinducer type 1 QSI activities. Therefore, CFEE is a potential QSI that could be used as a novel antimicrobial agent and should be considered for medicinal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]