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Metastatic disease is a relatively rare cause of orbital tumors. While many different types of primary malignancies have been documented, lung and breast cancers are the most prevalent ones among them. Herein, three cases of orbital metastasis from breast cancer are reported. The first patient had no history of primary malignancy, and the initial presentation was orbital metastasis from advanced breast cancer. The second patient had a history of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, mastectomy, and adjuvant radiotherapy. The recurrence of the disease was diagnosed via symptomatic metastasis to orbit involving the lateral rectus muscle. The third patient had a history of mastectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy, and hormone therapy. Considering that even patients without a diagnosis of primary malignancy may present with orbital metastasis, ophthalmologists' awareness of this issue is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anatolian Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Hayat Saglik ve Sosyal Hizmetler Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE High-risk breast lesions (HRLs) are associated with future risk of breast cancer. Considering the pathological subtypes, malignancy upgrade rate differs according to each subtype and depends on various factors such as clinical and radiological features and biopsy method. Using artificial intelligence and machine learning models in breast imaging, evaluations can be made in terms of risk estimation in different research areas. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to distinguish HRL cases requiring surgical excision from lesions with a low risk of accompanying malignancy. METHODS A total of 94 patients who were diagnosed with HRL by image-guided biopsy between January 2008 and March 2020 were included in the study. A structured database was created with clinical and radiological characteristics and histopathological results. A machine learning prediction model was created to make binary classifications of lesions as malignant or benign. Random forest, decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron machine learning algorithms were used. Among these algorithms, SVM was the most successful. The estimations of malignancy for each case detected by artificial intelligence were combined and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Considering all cases, the malignancy upgrade rate was 24.5%. A significant association was observed between malignancy upgrade rate and lesion size (P = 0.004), presence of mammography findings (P = 0.022), and breast imaging-reporting and data system category (P = 0.001). A statistically significant association was also found between the artificial intelligence prediction model and malignancy upgrade rate (P < 0.001). With the SVM model, an 84% accuracy and 0.786 area-under-the-curve score were obtained in classifying the data as benign or malignant. CONCLUSION Our artificial intelligence model (SVM) can predict HRLs that can be followed up with a lower risk of accompanying malignancy. Unnecessary surgeries can be reduced, or second line vacuum excisions can be performed in HRLs, which are mostly benign, by evaluating on a case-by-case basis, in line with radiology-pathology compatibility and by using an artificial intelligence model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) using the letrozole-supplemented stimulation protocol in breast cancer (BC) patients prior to their cancer treatment. Sixty-one BC patients (Stages 0–3) who were referred to a university IVF unit for fertility preservation (FP) and underwent embryo and/or oocyte cryopreservation between 2008 − 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Time intervals between breast surgery and initial fertility consultation (IFC)/completion of FP procedures were evaluated. COS outcomes were assessed and compared between the early follicular phase (EFP) and the random-start (RS) protocols. The patients' mean age was 33.3 ± 4.9 years. The mean time interval between breast surgery and IFC was 20.6 ± 11 (day, mean ± SD) and from IFC to completion of FP procedure was 14.7 ± 5.3. Overall, 9.1 ± 5.9 mature oocytes were obtained, with a peak serum oestradiol level of 388 ± 358 pg/mL. The number of oocytes obtained (11.5 ± 9.3 vs. 10.9 ± 6.9, p =.9) and maturation rates (84.3 ± 17.5% vs. 89.2 ± 11.7, p =.5) were not statistically different between the EPF and RS protocols. The study results support that oocyte or embryo freezing can be performed effectively in a limited time period with letrozole-supplemented COS protocols before the initiation of oncological treatments in breast cancer patients. What is already known on this subject? Currently, embryo and oocyte freezing are considered the most established fertility preservation (FP) methods for newly diagnosed cancer patients. What do the results of this study add? This study reports the COS outcomes of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients for FP over a period of twelve years from a single IVF unit. The results support that a considerable number of oocytes can be harvested with letrozole-supplemented COS protocol, which appears to be an effective protocol for BC patients. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? There is a need for additional studies evaluating long-term follow-up of patients with their pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular tumors are rare in the breasts, and the most common forms include hemangiomas and angiosarcomas. Hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors. Most of them are asymptomatic and nonpalpable clinically, and the vast majority of such lesions are detected incidentally by mammography. Breast hemangiomas are difficult to diagnose using conventional imaging modalities since their imaging findings are variable. The following is a case presentation of an asymptomatic forty-five-year old female patient who was diagnosed with a rare hemangioma. Physical examination, ultrasonography (US) and mammographic examination were normal. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a non-mass pathological enhancement. After a short-term follow up, a comparative MRI was obtained and biopsy was planned, due to the heterogeneous non-mass enhancement on MRI. Needle core biopsy with US guidance was performed, resulting in benign findings. However, because of the discordance between imaging and histopathology, an MRI-guided wire localization followed by open surgical biopsy was performed. Histopathologic evaluation reported capillary hemangioma. The imaging findings, including US, mammography and MRI, of hemangioma are reviewed and described in this case report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: More evidence shows that primary surgery for de novo metastatic breast cancer (BC) prolongs overall survival (OS) in selected cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of locoregional treatment (LRT) in BC patients with de novo stage IV bone only metastasis (BOM). Methods: The prospective, multicenter registry study BOMET MF14-01 was initiated in May 2014. Patients with de novo stage IV BOM BC were divided into two groups: those receiving systemic treatment (ST group) and those receiving LRT (LRT group). Patients who received LRT were further divided into two groups: ST after LRT (LRT + ST group) and ST before LRT (ST + LRT group). Results: We included 505 patients in this study; 240 (47.5%) patients in the ST group and 265 (52.5%) in the LRT group. One hundred and thirteen patients (26.3%) died in the 34-month median follow-up, 85 (35.4%) in the ST group and 28 (10.5%) in LRT group. Local progression was observed in 39 (16.2%) of the patients in the ST group and 18 (6.7%) in the LRT group (p = 0.001). Hazard of death was 60% lower in the LRT group compared with the ST group (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30–0.54, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In this prospectively maintained registry study, we found that LRT prolonged survival and decreased locoregional recurrence in the median 3-year follow-up. Timing of primary breast surgery either at diagnosis or after ST provided a survival benefit similar to ST alone in de novo stage IV BOM BC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Oncology / Türk Onkoloji Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate rate of cyclin D1 expression and examine its relationship to clinicopathological factors and impact on prognosis in breast cancer patients. METHODS Total of 85 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients were included. Expression of cyclin D1, ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 were determined using immunohistochemistry evaluation. RESULTS Patients' median age was 49 years (range: 27-83 years) and cyclin D1 was positive in 90.5% of the patients. Cyclin D1 expression was positively correlated with rate of ER positivity and Ki-67 expression (r=0.4; p<0.0001 and r=0.3; p=0.001, respectively). Five-year disease-free and overall survival (OS) rates were not different between patients with or without cyclin D1 expression (81% vs 79% and 93% vs 87%; p=0.8 and 0.4, respectively). High modified Bloom-Richardson grade (p=0.04), high nuclear grade (p=0.021), and PR negativity (p=0.011) were found to be poor prognostic factors for OS rate in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION In this study, cyclin D1 was not found to be prognostic factor; however, it is correlated with ER positivity and Ki-67 expression in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer is a critical decision factor for adjuvant therapy and the most important indicator of prognosis and survival. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a minimally invasive technique with low morbidity in axillary staging of breast cancer. Radiocolloid substances (Technetium-99m) and/or blue dyes such as methylene blue or isosulfan blue are used during sentinel lymph node biopsy. Isosulfan blue stain is frequently used in sentinel lymph node biopsy and rarely causes complications. The present case report presents a severe decrease in SpO2 due to methemoglobinemia following isosulfan blue administration as well as skin and urine signs and inconsistency with clinical picture in a 67-year-old, 77 kg, ASA II female case who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy under general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nomogram accuracies for predicting non-sentinel lymph node (SLN) involvement vary between different patient populations. Our aim is to put these nomograms to test on our patient population and determine our individual predictive parameters affecting SLN and non-SLN involvement. Patients and Methods: Data from 932 patients was analyzed. Nomogram values were calculated for each patient utilizing MSKCC, Tenon, and MHDF models. Moreover, using our own patient- and tumor-depended parameters, we established a unique predictivity formula for SLN and non-SLN involvement. Results: The calculated area under the curve (AUC) values for MSKCC, Tenon, and MHDF models were 0.727 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.8), 0.665 (95% CI 0.59-0.73), and 0.696 (95% CI 0.59-0.79), respectively. Cerb-2 positivity (p = 0.004) and size of the metastasis in the lymph node (p = 0.006) were found to correlate with non-SLN involvement in our study group. The AUC value of the predictivity formula established using these parameters was 0.722 (95% CI 0.63-0.81). Conclusion: The most accurate nomogram for our patient group was the MSKCC nomogram. Our unique predictivity formula proved to be as equally effective and competent as the MSKCC nomogram. However, similar to other nomograms, our predictivity formula requires future validation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an ongoing problem. To relieve this pain, practitioners have used many anesthetic and analgesic drugs. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of incisional and intraperitoneal administration of ropivacaine on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this prospective, single-blinded, randomized study, 45 patients with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores I and II who were about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into 3 groups. After cholecystectomy, a total of 40 mL of 3.75% ropivacaine was administered pre-incisionally and intraperitoneally to patients in group 1 (n=14); pre-incisionally and intraperitoneally to patients in group 2 (n=17); and intraperitoneally and locally at incision sites to patients in group 3 (n=14). Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were examined preoperatively, 15 min after insufflation, and at the end of the operation. Visual analog pain scale scores and analgesic requirements were used for 24-h postoperative follow-up of pain levels reported by patients. No statistically significant difference was found among the 3 groups with respect to visual analog pain scale scores, total analgesic requirements, and accompanying pain, nausea, and vomiting. The earliest analgesic requirements were seen in group 2 (P<.005), and less shoulder pain was noted in group 3 (P<.005). Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed no statistically significant differences between the 3 groups. Administration of ropivacaine preoperatively and postoperatively for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has similar effects on postoperative pain and the stress response of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an ongoing problem. To relieve this pain, practitioners have used many anesthetic and analgesic drugs. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of incisional and intraperitoneal administration of ropivacaine on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this prospective, singleblinded, randomized study, 45 patients with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores I and II who were about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into 3 groups. After cholecystectomy, a total of 40 mL of 3.75% ropivacaine was administered preincisionally and intraperitoneally to patients in group 1 (n=14); preincisionally and intraperitoneally to patients in group 2 (n=17); and intraperitoneally and locally at incision sites to patients in group 3 (n=14). Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were examined preoperatively, 15 min after insufflation, and at the end of the operation. Visual analog pain scale scores and analgesic requirements were used for 24-h postoperative follow-up of pain levels reported by patients. No statistically significant difference was found among the 3 groups with respect to visual analog pain scale scores, total analgesic requirements, and accompanying pain, nausea, and vomiting. The earliest analgesic requirements were seen in group 2 ( P < .005), and less shoulder pain was noted in group 3 ( P < .005). Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed no statistically significant differences between the 3 groups. Administration of ropivacaine preoperatively and postoperatively for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has similar effects on postoperative pain and the stress response of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Despite antibiotics and aggressive debridement, the mortality rate of Fournier’s gangrene remains high. Attempts have been made to study factors that may affect prognosis; however, reliable criteria are still lacking. METHODS: The medical records of 45 patients with Fournier’s gangrene who presented at the Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital from January 1990 to May 2001 were reviewed retrospectively to analyze the outcome and identify the risk factors and prognostic indicators of mortality. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact probability test, then multivariate analysis of statistically significant variables was performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The most prominent associated disease was diabetes, affecting 55.6 percent of the patients. The overall mortality rate was 20 percent. However, the mortality rate among diabetics was 36 percent (P = 0.002). The other statistically significant predictors of outcome were the interval from the onset of symptoms to the initial surgical intervention (P = 0.001) and the need of fecal diversion (P = 0.009). Multivariate regression analysis disclosed that the interval from the onset of symptoms to the initial surgical intervention and diabetes were independent predictors of mortality (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: The interval from the onset of clinical symptoms to the initial surgical intervention seems to be the most important prognostic factor with a significant impact on outcome. Given the significantly high mortality rate among diabetics, diabetes is also an independent prognostic factor. Despite the decreased number of idiopathic cases and extensive therapeutic efforts, Fournier’s gangrene remains a surgical emergency, and early recognition with prompt radical debridement is the mainstays of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), so called persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been known to interfere various ion channels in organism, which is the main mechanism of action especially for OCPs. Furthermore, all PCBs and several congeners of OCPs and PBDEs were recently listed as "carcinogen" by the IARC depending on evaluation of epidemiological studies. On the other hand, there have been very little data on the relation between various cancers and tissue burden of these toxicants. In majority of the human studies on a possible association between POPs and cancers, exposure data have been based on statement-based interviews, which potentially impair the accuracy and reliability of quantitative assessment. In order to accurately assess whether environmental exposure to POPs increase risk of kidney, stomach and breast cancers, tumour tissues as well as blood and urines were collected from surgically operated patients. Cellular DNA and protein oxidative damage markers (8-OHdG and dityrosine, respectively), have also been analysed in the patient and healthy control groups, and assessed whether there are changes in these parameters. The data suggest that majority of POPs in cancerous tissues were associated with cancers in patients, while they are less conclusive in blood of the same patients. DNA and protein damage markers were found to be higher in urines of kidney cancer patients compared to healthy volunteers, although inter-individual variability obscured statistical significances. Current findings confirmed that glutathione S-transferase theta1 (GSTT1) nullpolymorphism is a risk factor Bforro ukgidhnte tyo cyaonuc ebry, |a nEdP cIyptsowchicrohme P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a risk factor for stomach cancer. Data suggest that environmental exposure to POPs may induce tumour initiation and/or progression in humans however, blood concentrations of the same pollutants do not adequately reflect tissue concentrations except dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the major metabolite of the notorious organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDT). Possible role of interaction of POPs with ion channels in cancer initiation and/or progression remain to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we aimed to review retrospectively the data of 10 patient who were treated and followed-up in our clinic and to review the current approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Material and Methods: We reviewed 10 patients retrospectively who were operated on and had the diagnosis of AIP histopathologically in the Ege University School of Medicine Department of General Surgery. Results: Between June 2001-November 2010, 10 patients who were diagnosed as AIP were examined retrospectively. Radiologically, a pancreatic mass was found in the pancreatic head with ultrasound in 7 (70%) of 10 patients and suspicious lesions were identified in the head of the pancreas in 3 (30%) patients. All patients were operated on in our clinic with the preliminary diagnosis of pancreatic head tumor; 8 patients underwent Whipple's procedure, 1 patient underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, and in 1 patient an exploratory pancreatic biopsy (frozen section) was carried out. Conclusion: Autoimmune pancreatitis is a disease with increasing incidence and characterized by lymphoplasmocytic cell infiltration and fibrosis. Patients with a pancreatic mass, if there is an autoimmune disease or chronic pancreatitis suspected in the detailed history, it is necessary to evaluate patients in terms of AIP serologically to protect the patients from an incoorectng diagnosis and morbidity of surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: According to recent epidemiologic reports, young breast cancer incidence is higher than incidence in European and American population. Whether assessing young age as a poor prognostic factor or not in the management of breast cancer patients is still a debate. Even though it shows an aggressive clinical course, there is not enough research about etiology. We aim to analyze the differences between breast cancer patients under and over 40 years. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and January 2019, a total of 23,594 patients were analyzed from National Breast Cancer Database (NBCD). Demographic, clinic, and pathologic features of patients were compared for patients younger than and 40 age and for >40. Results: Median age was 50 (18-97). 4535 (19%) patients were younger than and 40 age (84% of them were >30), and 19,059 (81%) were >40. In categorical univariate analysis, there were significantly less patients with pathologic T1 (%41 vs %47), N0 (%49 vs %55), and stage 1 (%25 vs %31) disease in young age group than >40 group (p<0.001). Mastectomy (%41 vs %39; p=0.024) and axillary dissection rates (%71 vs %65; p=0.001) were high in <40 group. Pathologically, patients in <40 group significantly presented with more invasive ductal carcinoma (%76 vs %73; p=0.001), higher histologic grade (%54 vs 42; p=0.001), more multi-focality/centricity (%19 vs %15), oestrogen (ER) (%31 vs %24; p=0.001) and progesterone receptor (PR) (%38 vs %35; 0=0.009) negativity, hormone receptor negativity (%24 vs %20; p=0.001) and HER2-neu positivity (%32 vs %27; p=0.001). Furthermore, patients <40 had lower number of luminal-A (%23 vs %33; p=0.001) disease but higher number of luminal-B HER2+ (%18 vs %12; p=0.001) and triple negative disease (%15 vs %10; p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of significant variables demonstrated that invasive ductal carcinoma type (1,06-1,43), ER (1,26-1,87) and PR (1,21-1,75) negativity, high histologic grade (1,43-1,87), multi-focality/centricity (1,26-1,72), T3-T4 tumours (81,06-1,66), and axilla positivity were significantly correlated with breast cancers in younger age group. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that breast cancer in <40 group has higher rates of hormone receptor negativity and higher Ki-67 levels, triple negativity, and more accompanied with multi-focality/centricity. Based on the underlying histopathologic features and presentation with more advanced stage in younger patients, mastectomy and axillary dissection rates were higher for this group. Therefore, young breast cancer may have a more dismal prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Omitting axilary lymph node dissection (ALND) following SLNB with residual cancer in patients with locally advanced disease after neoadjuvan chemotherapy (NAC) is still controversial. In this study, we evaluated factors affecting local recurrence and outcome in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) without ALND after NAC. Materials and Methods: Between 2003 to 2018, 265 patients with clinically node-positive LABC who received NAC and underwent SLNB without ALND were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had whole breast and/or regional nodal irradiation. All recurrences of axilla, peripheric lymphatic, and breast were accepted as locoregional recurrence. Results: Median age of patients was 45 (23-70). Of those, 191 patients (72%) were clinically T1-2, and 74 patients (28%) were clinically T3-4 before receiving NAC. Of those, whereas 220 patients were cN1 (83%), and 45 patients were cN2-3 (17%). The median number of SLNs removed was 3 (1-7), and the the median lymph node number retrieved was 4 (1-7). Of 265 patients, 184 patients (64%) were treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT), whereas the remaining underwent mastectomy. Of patients, 69% had negative SLNs, and the remaining 81 patients (31%) had positive SLNs (34 micrometastasis, 14 isolated tumor cells and 29 macrometastases), and the majority had (90%) no extracapsular lymph node invasion. At a median follow up time of 39 months (12-172), none of the patients developed an axillary recurrence. The ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence rate was found to be 4.1% among patients with BCT. Furthermore, one patient (0.4%) with macrometastatic SLNB including extracapsular invasion was found to have locoregional recurrence including thoracic wall and supraclavicular region metastasis. Fiveyear locoregional recurrence (LRR)-free, disease-free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS) rates were found as 95.1%, 88.5% and 94.2%, respectively. No difference could be found in 5-year LRR-free survival, DFS, and DSS rates between patients with a negative or positive SLNB (LRR-rate: SLNB-negative, 97% vs SLNB-positive, 90%, p=0.20; DSS: SLN(-): 96.5% vs SLNB(+): 94.2; p=0.37;DFS: SLN(-)90% vs SLN(+) 84.7; p=0.14). Conclusion: Our findings suggest ALND could be safely avoided in patients with LABC who underwent SLNB after receiving NAC in selected patients with good responders to NAC including patients with negative SLNs or low tumor burden such as micrometastasis/ITC or macrometastis without extracapsular extension esas long as axillary radiation therapy is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With the development of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) drugs, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of breast cancer. Complete or near complete response rates in primary tumour are progressively increasing as well metastatic lymph nodes in the axilla are regressed. While surgeons had previously thought that lymph nodes at all axillary levels should be completely removed, it has been shown that has no effect on survival. Limited lymph node dissection for staging is sufficient. One reason for this tendency is the possible morbidity of axillary dissection (AD), which decreases the comfort of life. Therefore, surgeons are now looking for ways to not perform unnecessary axillary dissection. AD is gradually being replaced by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). It is known that lymph node negativity can be achieved after chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on axillary metastases. Material and Method: 154 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and underwent breast conserving surgery / total mastectomy + AD were included in the study. The data were analyzed retrospectively. Fifteen patients had inflammatory breast cancer. Physical examination records, USG, MRI, PET/CT and axillary lymph node biopsy results before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated. Results were compared with pathological results of axillary dissection material. Results: Total mastectomy was performed in 117 patients and breast conserving surgery was preferred in 37 patients. In 32 patients who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy before NACT, malignant lymph node was found in axilla. The pathology of AD was reported as malignant in 53.1% of these patients, and no malignancy was detected in 46.9% of them. 52.7% of 129 patients who has radiological axillary pathological lymph nodes were found to be malignant after NACT but 47.3% was as benign detected. When clinical, imaging and biopsy results were taken together, pathological axillary lymph nodes were detected in 138 patients. After NACT malignancy continued in 54.3% of them and response was obtained in 45.7%. Conclusion: Overall, approximately 46% of patients with NACT respond to chemotherapy in metastatic axillary lymph nodes. More studies can help us to answer the questions what type of breast cancer has a better response, which chemotherapy regimen are more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuclear Medicine Seminars is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aberrant breast tissue is an anomaly in the embryogenesis of the breast that is found along the mammary ridge or out of that line. We report a case of a 71-year-old female patient with an abdominal aberrant breast tissue found incidentally in a piece of mesenteric biopsy. The histological features were consistent with breast tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented, which discusses a medical study concerning the factors that impact the possibility of having lymphedema after breast cancer surgery.

The article discusses case study of a 48 year old female who underwent biopsy procedure thrice. The excisional biopsy specimen revealed Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP), which is an uncommon neoplasm of deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue with low-grade malingnant potential. It provides information on parameters and that should be considered during DFSP's differential diagnosis. Also discussed are distant metastases of DFSP, mentioning Moh's micrographic surgery as a treatment option.